The question of organelles in high school biology

1.Ribosome synthesis of polypeptides, strictly speaking, is not a protein, and finally requires a series of "processing", which can be said to be preliminarily synthesized in ribosomes.

2.Animal cells Golgi are involved in the synthesis of secretory cells, and plant cells are involved in the formation of cell walls.

3.There is a difference between endoplasmic reticulum ribosomes synthesizing secreted proteins such as digestive enzymes and free ribosomes synthesizing intracellular proteins such as hemoglobin.

are ribosomes;

is the endoplasmic reticulum; It is a vesicle;

is the Golgi apparatus;

It is a vesicle; is the cell membrane.

1) Which membrane organelle does radioactivity appear first, here is the organelle with membrane structure, so choose to appear on (endoplasmic reticulum), and the ribosome you fill in is an organelle without membrane structure.

3) It is the Golgi apparatus, and the total area of the Golgi apparatus is unchanged during the synthesis and secretion of secreted proteins.

1.Differential centrifugation.

Adventitia, endometrium, spinal endometrium, and ridge.

b.Adventitia, endomembrane, thylakoid membrane Thakynoids.

1. Because it is clearly pointed out that there is a "sweet taste", it means that there is sugar, and organic matter such as sugar in plants is produced by photosynthesis, so chloroplasts are needed. And endoplasmic reticulum is related to the synthesis of sugars, lipids, and proteins, so there is also endoplasmic reticulum. Mitochondria provide energy throughout the transport process and also require mitochondria.

The Golgi apparatus is associated with plant cell wall formation, in which cellulose and pectin are both sugars.

2. Because the organelles without cell membrane in the cell are only ribosomes and centrosomes, the presence or absence of phospholipids implies the existence of a membrane-free structure.

3. C The liver is related to the metabolism of sugars, proteins, fats, etc. The Golgi apparatus is associated with the formation of plant cell walls, in which cellulose and pectin are polysaccharides. Plants produce organic matter (including polysaccharides, but in high school they mainly learn to produce glucose) by photosynthesis and need chloroplasts.

Mitochondria are required in the process of synthesizing macromolecules such as polysaccharides.

1.There is no correct answer. It should be 1245, and it examines the organelles involved in secreted protein synthesis. Ribosomes synthesize amino acids into proteins, and the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus process and transport proteins. The entire process requires mitochondria for energy.

2D, centrosomes and ribosomes have no membrane structure, so they do not contain phospholipids, so they cannot be detected.

Question 1 B, related to carbohydrate synthesis and secretion Question 2 BOrganelles without nucleic acids Question 3c

1. [B] Sweet secretions are synthesized by chloroplasts, processed by endoplasmic reticulum, and reprocessed into secretions by the Golgi apparatus.

The entire process is powered by mitochondria.

2. [d] Phospholipids are the backbone components that make up biofilms, and only d in the above answers is a membrane-free structure3, [b].

1) Radioactivity first appeared on ribosomes, but the question was about membranous organelles, and ribosomes do not have biofilms. So it should be endoplasmic reticulum.

Ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, vesicles, Golgi apparatus, vesicles, cell membranes.

In question (3), in a short period of time, that is, in the process of synthesis and secretion, the endoplasmic reticulum decreases due to the formation of vesicles, the membrane area decreases, the Golgi apparatus has vesicles fused, and vesicles are formed, so it is basically unchanged, and the cell membrane is enlarged by vesicles, of course, these are all in a short period of time, and for a long time, in addition to its own growth, the membrane area does not change much.

(1) Because ribosomes do not have cell membranes.

00 Mitochondria are the main sites for cells to undergo aerobic respiration. Also known as:"Power workshop"。About 95% of the energy required for cellular life activities comes from mitochondria.

The double-layer membrane, which is ellipsoidal in shape, contains ribosomes that can produce DNA and RNA, and can be inherited relatively independently. It is present in all eukaryotic cells (except anaerobic bacteria), and animal and plant cells contain mitochondria (except mature red blood cells), which are distributed in places where metabolism is vigorous, and belong to semi-autonomous organelles.

00 chloroplasts are organelles contained in the cells of green plants that can carry out photosynthesis, producing oxygen and organic matter, and are the "nutrient manufacturing workshop" and "energy conversion station" of plant cells. A bilayer membrane with a flattened ellipsoidal or spherical shape that contains ribosomes that produce DNA and RNA and is a semi-autonomous organelle.

00 endoplasmic reticulum is a network structure formed by membrane connection, a monolayer membrane, which is the synthesis and processing of intracellular proteins, as well as the "workshop" of lipid synthesis, which can be divided into slippery (light) surface endoplasmic reticulum and rough endoplasmic reticulum, rough endoplasmic reticulum processing protein, smooth surface endoplasmic reticulum synthesis of lipids. Both animal and plant cells contain endoplasmic reticulum.

00 Golgi monolayer membrane, the "workshop" and "sending station" for the reprocessing, sorting and packaging of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum, animal and plant cells contain the Golgi apparatus, animal cells are used for the formation of decomposition substances, and plant cells are involved in the formation of cell walls.

00 lysosomes, a monolayer membrane, are the "digestion workshop", which contains a variety of hydrolytic enzymes that can decompose aging and damaged organelles, engulf and kill invading viruses or bacteria, and plant cells contain lysosomes.

00 vacuole monolayer membrane, which only exists in plant cells and lower animal cells, is an organelle that regulates the environment inside the cell and keeps plant cells strong. Contains cell fluid, pigments (anthocyanins).

00 ribosomes are membrane-free, divided into attached ribosomes and free ribosomes, and the synthesis of amino acids Proteins are tiny particles composed of RNA and proteins, which are the sites for protein synthesis, and all cells contain ribosomes.

Plant cells: ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes, chloroplasts, vacuoles.

Animal cells: ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes, centrosomes.

Organelles are microstructures in the cytoplasm that have a certain structure and function. The organelles in the cell mainly include: mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, centrosomes (found in animal and lower plant cells), chloroplasts, Golgi apparatus, ribosomes (prokaryotes only have ribosomes), etc.

They make up the basic structure of the cell and enable the cell to work and function normally.

Some of the components within the cell, there are centrosomes, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes in animal cells, chloroplasts, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, ribosomes, vacuoles (found in mature cells) in animal cells and centrosomes in some lower plant cells.

Ribosomes, vacuoles, centrosomes, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, chloroplasts, mitochondria and that's it.

That's what I think, a little much, you slowly understand.

1 Whether it is animal cell fusion or plant somatic cell hybridization, the new cells obtained have genetic information from both sides. Absolutely.

As for whether or not it can show the characteristics of the parents, whether it is an animal or a plant, it depends on many factors, and there is no absolute ability to express and must not be expressed. That is, genes will be selectively expressed, as for which genes it chooses to express, it is not up to us to decide, and it usually takes a lot of experiments to get it.

2. The reason why the textbook says that "the hybrid cells after the fusion of animal cells have the genetic information of two cells and can show the characteristics of two parents" is the ideal state and our purpose. The example in the book was also successful after a lot of experimentation, and it doesn't mean that if you just find two animal cells to fuse, they will show the characteristics of the parent.

3 Similarly, plants can also achieve "exhibiting the characteristics of two parents" as long as conditions are sufficient. It's been so long since I've forgotten what the examples of plants in the book are.

In short, as long as there are a lot of conditions (the environment is suitable, genes do not inhibit each other, and a lot of other conditions), I think that both plants and animals can achieve the characteristics of their parents.

1. In high school books, animal cells are used as examples;

2. Plants can also carry out cell fusion hybridization, and this is a very mature breeding technology, this technology is directional, and the shape of the heterozygosity will be affected by the parent, that is, the heterozygosity will show the characteristics of the parent.

3. As for whether the gene is expressed, whether the shape is changed, there are many factors involved, and the fusion of animal cells does not necessarily mean that the heterozygous produced by the combination of each hybrid parent will express the shape of both parents