Why is glass made at high temperatures?

Glass is made at high temperatures because it is a material that is inherently hard, and it is impossible to make it a successful glass if it is not made at high temperatures.

There are many types of glass and it occupies an important position in all walks of life. In addition to the insulating glass and laminated glass used to make doors and windows, there are many art accessories that we come into contact with every day. High-temperature glass is extracted from ultra-high temperatures.

Only when the temperature is higher than 1700 can the high-temperature resistant glass be made, and the fan and air conditioner can be turned on. It will break glass crafts. <>

Grasse is an amorphous inorganic non-metallic material, which is generally composed of various inorganic minerals (such as quartz sand, borax, boric acid, barite, barium carbonate, limestone, feldspar, soda ash, etc.) as the main raw material, except for a small amount of auxiliary materials. In addition, tinted glass is mixed with some metal oxides or salts, as well as tempered glass made with physical or chemical methods, etc. Some clear plastics are sometimes called plexiglass.

Glass undergoes drastic temperature changes and shape changes during the molding process, creating thermal stress inside the glass。This thermal stress can reduce the strength and thermal stability of the glass. If it is cooled directly, it is likely to crack during the cooling process or during later storage, transportation and use.

In order to eliminate cold **, glass products must be annealed and reprocessed after molding. Fire is kept warm or slowly cooled down for a period of time within a certain temperature range to eliminate or reduce the thermal stress in the glass to a permissible value. <>

Therefore, we can see that it is not easy to make glass, and we can also see that it is impossible to make glass if it is not made at high temperature, and it is impossible for glass to melt and remake it at low temperature, so it can be explained that glass is made at high temperature.

Because glass needs to be made under high temperature conditions, it can be harder.

Maybe if you want to change it from the form of sand to glass, you need high temperatures.

Because glass is made of silica, the solubility of silica is very high, so it requires a very high temperature to make it.

Because only high temperatures can melt the glass and change its shape.

Because the condition of glass production is to be high-temperature, it is generally made at high temperatures.

Because it is only at high temperatures that the glass becomes liquid and can be shaped.

Because glass is a polymer material, it needs to be made at high temperatures.

Your stuff has its own role to play. That's why they're like this.

Because the hardness of the glass is very high, it needs to be made at high temperatures.

It is made from sandstone, limestone, and feldspar, and sandstone is the main raw material, and the production process is more complicated.

Glass is made of quartz sand, barite, barium carbonate, boric acid and soda ash inorganic minerals as the main raw materials.

Quartz sand, which is the main raw material of glass, is also the glass made from this thing. Because this thing has a particularly high melting point.

Silicon dioxide. Sodium bicarbonate.

Potassium carbonate. And sometimes different processes add some different metals, and the common gauge is lead.

But there is also iron....Wait.

Glass Glass is an amorphous supercooled liquid. The melted glass cools rapidly, and the individual molecules do not have enough time to form crystals and form glass. Glass is also known as glass in ancient China, and the Japanese kanji is represented by glass.

The composition of the glass.

Mainly silicon dioxide (i.e. quartz, the main component of sand). The melting point of pure silica is 2000 degrees Celsius, so sodium bicarbonate (i.e. baking powder) and potassium carbonate (potash alkali) are generally added when making glass, so that the melting point of silica will drop to about 1000 degrees Celsius. However, sodium carbonate will make the glass dissolve in water, so an appropriate amount of calcium oxide is usually added to make the glass insoluble in water.

Transparency to visible light is the biggest feature of glass, and ordinary glass is opaque to ultraviolet rays with wavelengths less than 400 nanometers (nm) due to the addition of sodium carbonate during manufacturing. To allow ultraviolet light to penetrate, the glass must be made from pure silica, which is expensive and is generally referred to as quartz glass. Other ingredients are usually added to common glass.

Float glass. About 90% of the world's flat glass is made of floating glass production method invented by Sir Pierkington of Pilkington Glass Company in the 1950s, which is made by pouring the glass melt into a vat of molten tin, and the glass floats on the tin surface to naturally form a smooth surface on both sides, and then leaves the tin cylinder in a ribbon manner after slowly cooling, and then becomes a near-completely flat glass after fire polishing, and the glass produced in this way is called float glass. Usually float glass is produced in standard thicknesses, divided into and 22 mm.

Quartz stone, limestone, barium carbonate, borax and other compositions.

Glass raw materials are divided into two categories: main raw materials and auxiliary raw materials, and a certain proportion of broken glass is added to the actual glass production. The main raw materials are various oxides, which are divided into SiO2 categories, such as quartz sand, sandstone, quartzite, vein quartz, etc.; B2O3 such as boric acid, borax, boranhydride, boron ore, etc.; Al2O3 such as feldspar, clay, wax stone, alumina and aluminium hydroxide; There are also P2O5, Na2O, K2O, Li2O, CAO, MGO, BAO, ZNO, PBO, BEO, GEO2, SRO, CDO, TIO2, and ZRO2. Auxiliary raw materials are mainly used to improve performance, including:

Clarifiers, colorants, decolorizing agents, emulsifiers, fluxes, redox agents, etc.

Definition. High-temperature resistant glass, also known as high-temperature glass and temperature-resistant glass, refers to special glass that can withstand a certain temperature, including high-heat occasions with open flames and hot air occasions without open flames.

Classify. The high-temperature resistant glass series includes the following six aspects:

Heat-resistant glass.

1.High-temperature resistant glass, high-temperature and high-pressure resistant glass, pressure vessel sight glass, pipe sight glass, boiler special high-temperature resistant glass.

2.High-temperature glass for fireplaces, high-temperature glass for wave soldering, high-temperature glass for ovens, and high-temperature glass for fire viewing holes.

3.Acid and alkali resistant glass for chemical pipelines, ultra-high temperature resistant glass for thermal power plant iron and steel plants, special high-temperature resistant glass for electrolytic aluminum plants, explosion-proof high temperature glass.

4.Radiation resistant glass, ultraviolet transmission glass, ultraviolet protection glass, infrared transmission glass, infrared insulation glass, laser protective glass and other optical glass.

5.Special glass for printing and dyeing equipment, buried lamp glass, lamp glass, mine explosion-proof glass, civil explosion-proof glass, high-temperature glass sight tube, high temperature glass-resistant glass.

6.Special optical glass for non-destructive testing, medical testing, various physical and chemical inspections, welding protective glass, blue cobalt glass, etc.

Principle: Ordinary float glass.

The main components are calcium silicate and sodium silicate.

The main reactions are as follows:

Na2CO3 + SiO2 = (high temperature) Na2SiO3 + CO2

CaCO3 + SiO2 = (High Temperature) Casio3 + CO2

Process: mainly including: raw material pre-processing. The bulk raw material (quartz sand.

Soda ash, limestone, feldspar, etc.) are crushed to dry the wet raw materials, and the iron-containing raw materials are treated to remove iron to ensure the quality of the glass. Batch preparation. Melting. Glass batches in a pond kiln or crucible.

The kiln is heated at a high temperature (1550 1600 degrees) to form a uniform, bubble-free liquid glass that meets the molding requirements. Molding. Liquid glass is processed into products of the required shape, such as flat plates, various utensils, etc.

Heat treatment. Through annealing, quenching and other processes, the stress, phase separation or crystallization inside the glass is eliminated or generated, and the structural state of the glass is changed.

Frosted glass processing method: first put the flat glass that needs to be processed flat on the workbench with tweed or cotton blanket, and then stack an appropriate amount of fine corundum on the glass surface.

Use the coarse porcelain bowl to buckle the emery, and gently press the bottom of the bowl with both hands to push in a circle. It is also possible to use a grinding stone for higher terrazzo floors. The grinding operation should start from the corners of the periphery and gradually move to the middle, until the glass surface is ground to a uniform milky white color, so that the light can be transmitted without see-through.

Silver lithography glass processing method: first wash the flat glass with clean water and dry it and then coat it with paraffin, and then carve it off into various patterns on the paraffin, with a concentration of 1:5 hydrofluoric acid.

The solution corrodes the glass surface. Finally, pour hydrofluoric acid to remove the paraffin and clean the glass with water.

Other socks such as stained glass can be processed by mounting or spraying, and the specific methods are omitted. Stretch the line on the ground and the façade wall, so that the lower wall structure, skeleton column and beam are fixed, the glass is processed and cut and installed on the upper part and all the wood (metal) skeleton, glass is installed, and the trim is painted and cleaned.

The main raw materials of glass are: silica sand (sandstone or quartz sand), soda ash, feldspar, dolomite, limestone, and miscanthus salt.

The above-mentioned raw materials are crushed into powder and a certain amount of various powders are weighed according to a certain ratio, mixed and sent to the glass melting kiln, and melted into glass liquid at 1700.

The main ingredient is sodium Na2SiO3.

No. The glass transition temperature is a relaxation phenomenon in the amorphous part of the polymer from the frozen state to the thawed state.

Below the glass transition temperature, the polymer is in a glass state, and the molecular chain and chain segment cannot move, but the atoms (or groups) that make up the molecule vibrate at the position of its flat number; Although the molecular chain cannot move at the glass transition temperature, the chain segment begins to move, showing that Sun Kuan has a high elastic substance, and the temperature rises again, which makes the whole molecular chain move and exhibit the viscous flow property of potato hail.

When the tempered glass is heated evenly, the maximum heat resistance does not exceed 600 degrees, because more than 600 degrees Celsius begins to approach the softening point of the glass. Moreover, when heated more than 400 degrees, the mechanical properties of tempered glass will gradually decrease.

Tempered glass, which is a kind of prestressed glass, belongs to safety glass. In order to improve the strength of the glass, chemical or physical methods are usually used to form compressive stress on the surface of the glass, and the surface stress is first offset when the glass is subjected to external force, so as to improve the bearing capacity and enhance the wind pressure resistance, cold and heat resistance, impact and so on. Tempered glass has good thermal stability, can withstand 3 times the temperature difference of ordinary glass, can withstand 200 temperature changes.

The maximum heat resistance does not exceed 600 degrees, and the mechanical properties will gradually decrease if it exceeds 400 degrees.

Whether it can be directly baked at high temperature depends on the ambient temperature, and the following are the heat-resistant temperatures of four common high-temperature resistant glass:

1. Tempered, heat-resistant within 280 degrees, 350 degrees for a short time, and the temperature does not exceed 200 degrees, it can be baked directly.

2. High boron, heat resistant within 450 degrees, 500 degrees for a short time, and the temperature does not exceed 400 degrees, which can be baked directly.

3. Fine-grained, heat-resistant within 800 degrees, 1000 degrees for a short time, and the temperature does not exceed 700 degrees, which can be baked directly.

3. Quartz, heat-resistant within 1200 degrees, 1500 degrees for a short time, and the temperature does not exceed 1000 degrees, can be baked directly.

Quartz glass 1750 degrees, borosilicate glass 780 degrees and glass-ceramic 800 degrees are all high temperature resistant.