What are Xunzi s main claims on language norms Talk about your understanding 10

Xunzi (c. 313 BC - 238 BC), name, character Qing. Based on Confucianism, Xunzi fiercely criticized the theory of the hundred schools of thought, respected Confucius and Mencius, and can be called the most accomplished Confucian master after Confucius and Yuzi in the pre-Qin period.

Xunzi advocated the standardization of language and writing. Standardization, which proposes more feasible normative standards, is implemented by the state in the form of administrative intervention. Xunzi proposed to follow the old and make the new, which is the inheritance and development of the language and writing norms of the predecessors.

The understanding and opinion of Xunzi language or speech is as follows:

1. In terms of literature and art, Xunzi has made high achievements compared with Kong Mengmo. Xunzi is first and foremost an excellent essayist. His articles are literary and pay attention to language tempering, "the beauty of words, Emperor Mu Mu" ("Da Luo"), pay attention to the quality of the text, "literature and reason, affection and use are the inside and outside" ("Treatise on Etiquette").

2. Xunzi emphasized that "words must be reasonable" ("Confucianism"), and his prose not only inherited the characteristics of "Mozi" with strong logic and strict structure, but also made new explorations in system and technique, and developed Confucius and Mencius's quotation-style prose into an independent long-form monograph, which made an important contribution to the development of the prose of the pre-Qin Zhuzi.

3. Xunzi's prose has a clear context, is good at argumentation, rigorous argumentation, majestic, good use of metaphors, and beautiful rhetoric. Being good at using comparisons is one of the most striking features of his prose. For example, in the article "Persuasion of Learning", five metaphors are used at the beginning to illustrate the importance of acquired learning, which is vivid and logical.

The following discusses the importance of learning to concentrate on consistency, using eight metaphors in a row, combined with contrasts, repeatedly arguing from the positive and negative sides, analyzing layer by layer, and scooping up the appeal.

4. Xunzi is also an excellent rhetorician. The "Cheng Xiang" and "Fu" chapters created by him are already pure literary works in the strict sense of the word, and have an important position in the history of literature. "Chengxiang" is a rhyme by Wu Xunzi in the form of folk popular literature to express his political thoughts, and it is a political lyric poem that expresses his inner resentment.

Xunzi's linguistic views are as follows:

Xunzi's linguistic thought is mainly reflected in the article "Correct Names". This paper focuses on the relationship between words and concepts, language and thinking, dialects and common language, and points out that the relationship between "name" and "reality" is "conventional", which correctly reveals the social nature of language and is the first theoretical cornerstone of ancient language research in China.

Also known as "Sun Qingzi". The author Xunzi (about 313 B.C., 238 B.C.), known as Emperor Xuan, changed his surname to Sun in the Han Dynasty, a native of Zhao State (now Anze, Shanxi), a thinker at the end of the Warring States Period, was the last master among the sons of the pre-Qin Dynasty, and one of the main representatives of Confucianism. Its scholarship originated from Confucianism, and it inherited and commented on the doctrines of various schools.

Admire Confucius and oppose the ideas of the Simeng school. Politically, he advocated both ritual and law, emphasizing the empowerment of virtue and virtue, and opposing hereditary officials. Philosophically, it is believed that "qi" is the total source of all things in the world.

Opposing the superstition of ghosts and gods, he interpreted "heaven" as the natural world, which has its own laws, and put forward the view that "heaven and man are separated, and man will conquer heaven".

In terms of epistemology, it advocates world knowability, emphasizing "physical knowability", which requires subjective contact to constitute knowledge. In terms of the theory of human nature, he opposed Mencius's "theory of goodness", believed that "human nature is evil", and advocated that people should be made good through the prohibition of etiquette and punishment.

In terms of the relationship between name and reality, he advocated the theory of correct names and opposed the theory of sophistry, emphasizing that the name and reality must be consistent, which enriched the theory of ancient logic. His writing is imposing and good at argumentation. The analysis is thorough, the judgment is incisive, and it has a very high literary value.