The history of the Khitan and the royal personnel, the dynasty established by the Khitans

The dynasty established was Liao. The Liao Dynasty (907-1125) was a dynasty established by the Khitan people in Chinese history, with a total of nine emperors and 218 years of reign.

At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the Khitan leader Yelu Abaoji unified the various departments, and in the first year of Kaiping in the Later Liang Dynasty (907), he was called the emperor in the first year of the Divine Book (916), and the country was called Khitan. In the first year of Datong (947), Taizong of Liao Leasing Company changed the name of the country to Liao, and in the second year of Tonghe (984), it was renamed Dakhitan; In the second year of Xianyong (1066), the number was restored to Liao.

The Khitan people (English: Khitay) are ancient Chinese nomadic peoples, originating in Northeast China, and adopting a semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral life. In the early days, it was divided into eight Khitan divisions, and a unified Dahe alliance was formed in the early Tang Dynasty. After Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty placed the Governor's Mansion of Songmo and gave him the surname Li.

The dynasty established was Liao. Carry the excitement.

The Liao Dynasty (907-1125) was a dynasty established by the Khitan people in Chinese history.

At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the Khitan leader Yelu Abaoji unified the various departments, and in the first year of the Later Liang Kai Reform Yindongping (907), he was able to take the throne of Khan, and in the first year of the Divine Book (916), he was called the emperor, and the country was called Khitan. In the first year of Datong (947), Liao Taizong changed the name of the country to Liao, and in the second year of Tonghe (984), it was renamed the Great Khitan; In the second year of Xianyong (1066), the number was restored to Liao.

The Khitan people (English: Khitay) are an ancient Chinese nomadic people who originated in Northeast China and adopted a semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral life. In the early days, it was divided into eight Khitan divisions, and a unified Dahe alliance was formed in the early Tang Dynasty. After Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty placed the Governor's Mansion of Songmo and gave him the surname Li.

The Khitan people are now the Daur people.

The Khitan people are ancient Chinese nomadic peoples, who originated in Northeast China and adopted a semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral life. In the early days, it was divided into eight Khitan divisions, and a unified Dahe alliance was formed in the early Tang Dynasty.

After Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty placed the Governor's Mansion of Songmo and gave him the surname Li. After the collapse of the Oga Alliance, the Khitans established the Yaoran Tribal Alliance, which was attached to the Later Turkic Khanate. In the fourth year of Tianbao (745), the Later Turks were destroyed by the Hui, and for the next hundred years, the Khitans have been ruled by the Hui.

During the Mengyuan period, in order to unify China, the Yuan Dynasty opened up territory and mobilized Khitan soldiers and horses to participate in the war to destroy Jin and Southern Song. The Khitans were also very dissatisfied with the Jurchen defeat of their country, so they actively participated in the war and made many military exploits.

From a regional point of view, the main part of the Khitan people in the Mongolian and Yuan dynasties are still distributed in their hometowns, that is, Chifeng City, Tongliao City, Liaoning and Jilin in present-day Inner Mongolia.

However, with the progress of the Mongols' wars such as breaking the Western Xia, destroying the Jin, descending to Goryeo, Ping Dali, dying the Song Dynasty, and the Western Expedition, some Khitans were conscripted and transferred to the expedition, left the above-mentioned areas, and began to spread throughout China, and even as far as Korea, Central Asia, and West Asia.

Daur. The Daur nationality is one of the 56 ethnic groups in China, mainly distributed in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region's Molidawa Daur Autonomous Banner, the Meili Daur Autonomous Banner of Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province, and the Evenki Autonomous Banner. A few live in Tacheng, Xinjiang, Liaoning Province and other places.

Regarding the descendants of the Khitans, there are probably two places in the country:

One of them lives at the confluence of the Daxing'an Mountains, the Nenjiang River and the Hulunbuir grasslandDaur. , the second isShidian County, Yunnan, a special ethnic group that still uses the Khitan script on the graves of their ancestors, collectively referred to as a groupPersonally

The experts took it from five small villages in Baoshan, YunnanA, Mang, Jiang surnamed himselfand blood samples of other peoples. The wrist bones of the Khitan female corpse were obtained from Leshan, Sichuan, and the teeth and skulls of the Khitan people with epitaphs as evidence were obtained from Chifeng, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Blood samples were collected from the Molidawa Banner and several other banners and counties in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, including Daur, Evenki, Mongolian and Han Chinese.

A comparison of the variable regions of mitochondrial DNA extracted by silicon method in the pulp and bone marrow of ancient specimens shows accurate conclusions:Daur, A, Mang, and Jiang themselves are all descendants of the Khitan.

The Khitans are now the Daur people.

According to research, after the demise of the Western Liao, some ethnic groups, such as the Daur people, still maintained a large ethnic group and continued to exist as an independent nation. In the Qing Dynasty, some people put forward the theory that the Daur people originated from the Khitan people, and modern scholars also believe that the Daur people are the ethnic group that inherits the Khitan tradition the most. According to the folklore of the Daur people and the comparative study of the production, life, customs, religion, and language of the Daur people and the Khitan people, historians believe that the Daur people belong to the descendants of the Khitan of the Liao Dynasty.

Since 2004, the news that relevant experts have identified the Daur ethnic group and the A, Mang and Jiang clans in Yunnan as descendants of the Khitan ethnic group through DNA technology has been made public, which has become the "key" to solving the problem of the origin of the Khitan. A few days ago, some experts from the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences used DNA technology to solve the mystery of the disappearance of the Khitan people: the Daur people have a recent genetic relationship with the Khitan and are descendants of the Khitan people.

Khitan text

The Khitan script was created by the Liao Dynasty with reference to Chinese characters in order to record the Khitan language, and it is divided into two forms: Khitan large characters and Khitan small characters, but there is a lack of similar documents. The Khitan characters are said to have been created in the fifth year of the Liao Shenshu (920), which was ordered by Liao Taizu to refer to Chinese characters and should have more than 3,000 characters. The Khitan small characters were changed by the Liao Taizu brother Yelu Diera with reference to the Uighur script, and the small characters are pinyin characters with about 500 pronunciation symbols.

The Khitan small characters are larger and simple, and although the original characters are few, they can penetrate all the Khitan languages. The Khitan people have a strong national consciousness and have had a lot of influence on other ethnic groups, such as the creation of the Dangxiang script in the Western Xia, the Jurchen script in the Jin Dynasty, and the creation of the Basipa script in the Yuan Dynasty. The passage of the Khitan character was not until the second year of Jin Mingchang (1191), when Jin Zhangzong was abolished.