Masterpieces from the Xia Dynasty to the present, listing more than four scientists and achievements

There are too many to write.

Ban Gu, Lu Ban, Zhang Heng, Bian Que, Cai Lun Zhang Heng (78 139) Eastern Han Dynasty scientist, astronomer, and philosopher. The word Pingzi. He was born in Xi'e, Nanyang, Henan Province (now Shiqiao Town, Nanzhao County, Henan Province).

Less travel to Xijing Chang'an and Tokyo Luoyang, "through the Five Classics", "through the six arts", Yongchu five years (111) to worship Langzhong. From the second year of the early Yuan Dynasty (115) to the beginning of Yongjian, it was twice the Taishi Order. Proficient in astronomy and calculus, on the basis of the research of predecessors, he invented the world's earliest hydraulic rotation armillary sphere and the wind and ground motion instrument for measuring **.

In terms of astronomical theory, Zhang Heng is the main representative of the "armillary school". Regarding the origin of heaven and earth, he believes that before heaven and earth are divided, there is chaos, and after they are divided, the light rises to the sky, the heavy condenses into the earth, and yin and yang fluctuate to produce all things. For the first time, he also correctly explained the cause of the formation of lunar eclipses, arguing that moonlight is a reflection of sunlight and that lunar eclipses are produced by the moon entering the earth's shadow.

Based on the astronomical knowledge of the time, he affirmed the materiality and infinity of the universe. Zhang Heng pushed ancient Chinese natural science and philosophy to a new level, and his works were collected in the Three Dynasties of the Qin and Han Dynasties and the Six Dynasties of the Qin and Han Dynasties edited by Yan Kejun of the Qing Dynasty. .

Eastern Han Dynasty: Zhang Heng (geokinetic instrument), Cai Lun (improved papermaking), Zu Chongzhi (calculated pi to the seventh place after the small ball point, compiled the book "Counting", compiled the "Great Ming Calendar"), Zhang Zhongjing (edited "Treatise on Typhoid Fever and Miscellaneous Diseases"). Northern Wei Dynasty:

Jia Siqian (editor of "Qi Min Yaoshu") Northern Song Dynasty: Bi Sheng (invention of movable type printing), Shen Kuo (compilation of the book "Mengxi Writings"). Meta:

Guo Shoujing (edited the "Chronological Calendar" and innovated the armillary sphere). Ming: Li Shizhen (editor of the book "Compendium of Materia Medica"), Xu Guangqi (editor of "The Complete Book of Agricultural Administration").

Three emperors and five emperors, Xia, Shang and Zhou, the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States period were chaotic. The Qin and Han dynasties were east and west, and the south and the north were opposed. The five dynasties of the Sui and Tang dynasties and the ten kingdoms, the emperors of the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties rested.

The summer calendar is one of the six ancient Chinese calendars, the legend is that the calendar created by the Xia Dynasty, the original calendar rules have been lost, and now only from some ancient books can understand some content: the winter solstice month is used as the month of the calendar to calculate the beginning of the year, and the calendar year is used to start with the month of Jianyin, that is, Yin Zheng (later called Xia Zheng), which is roughly the use of the integer 366 days as a year, with the difference method and the positive leap remainder, to adjust the time difference.

The traditional Chinese calendar, now known as the Xia calendar, is because after the Xinhai Revolution used the Western calendar, some people thought that the traditional Chinese calendar was Xia Zheng, so it was called the Xia calendar. In fact, the basic rule of this traditional calendar used now is to follow the Han calendar formulated in the Han Dynasty, so it should be called the Han calendar, also known as the lunar calendar.

In 2070 BC, the son of Dayu established the Xia Dynasty, and it has been 4082 years since (2011).

The first dynasty recorded in the Chinese history books of the Xia Dynasty. According to historical records, the Xia Dynasty was the first state in Chinese history established by Yu's son Qi Zaijuntai (in present-day Yuzhou, Henan) who abolished the traditional tribal "Chan Rang" system and killed Yi and became king. Xia Yu's inheritance replaced the previous Zen concession system, and the Zen concession system became the hereditary system of the throne.

The Xia Dynasty had a total of 13 generations and 16 kings. The central area of the Xia Dynasty was in the western part of present-day Henan and the southern part of Shanxi. It is said that after Qi's death, Taikang ascended the throne, and there was a temporary regime change, the so-called "loss of the country".

After Shaokang Zhongxing, the Xia Dynasty was rebuilt. By the time of Kong Jia's reign, the Xia dynasty was in decline. After that, the three were passed to Ji, and then they were destroyed by the Shang Dynasty.

Since the Xia Dynasty did not have written texts that were directly handed down, for a long time, the understanding of it mainly relied on the records of ancient documents, including the kings, officials, armies, and prisons of the Xia Dynasty. Since modern times, the excavation of large palaces, tombs and many bronzes in the ruins of Erlitou Village in Yanshi County, Henan Province has revealed the political, economic, social, cultural, and life conditions of the Xia Dynasty as a slave from one side. The capital of the Xia Dynasty was changed several times.

After Yu established the royal power, he established Yangcheng (Xucheng Town, Dengfeng County, Henan) as the capital in Songshan Zhiyang, where the Chong tribe was located. Later, it moved to Yangzhai (Yuzhou, Henan).

It's the Xia Dynasty. It's been 4,000 years now.

I don't know the definition of a celebrity, so let's just say a few that I think are celebrity. Wei Ying, in the early Warring States period, proposed nine strategies to strengthen Qin and help Qin Xiaogong to strengthen the Qin State; In the early Warring States period, Wu Qi, the general of the Wei State, established the Wei Tieqi and Wei Wushu who were powerful in the world, and experienced a hundred battles without a single defeat; Su Qin of the Warring States Period, the first to advocate the cooperation and longitudinal, was worthy of the six countries, and united the six countries to send troops to resist Qin; Zhang Yi of the Warring States Period, Prime Minister of the Qin State, made a long-term strategy to divide the six countries; King Qi Wei and Tian Ji and Sun Bin defeated Wei in two battles of Guiling and Ma Ling to establish a supremacy status, and King Qi Wei set up a school palace to recruit talents; Zhao Yong, the king of Zhao Wuling, dressed in Hu clothes, rode and shot, swept away the three hus, and expanded the land for thousands of miles; Yanzhao Wang Jiping and Le Yi, trained troops in Liaodong for ten years, captured more than 70 cities of Qi, and almost destroyed Qi; The general of the Qin State rose from Bai Qi, was invincible, and encroached on the territory of the Six Kingdoms; Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty, Wei Qing, and Huo Qubing fought against the Xiongnu; Chen Tang of the Western Han Dynasty attacked the Xiongnu far away, and his famous saying "Those who commit a strong man will be punished even if they are far away". Forehead..

Let's write so much first, I personally like the history of the Warring States, Qin, and Han dynasties, and I recommend you to read the vernacular Warring States Policy, Han Shu, Later Han Shu and the Great Qin Empire, which feels pretty good.

Buy this historical record and go back and read it slowly, I don't know who the 4 sons of the Warring States are... Let's take our time.

Primitive society.

About 4,000 years ago, the legendary period of the Yellow Emperor, Yao, and Shun.

Slave society. The Xia Dynasty was founded around 2070 BC.

Around 1600 B.C., Shang Tang destroyed Xia and the Shang Dynasty was established.

About 1300 B.C., Pangeng moved its capital to Yin.

Around 1046 B.C., King Wu destroyed Yin, and the Western Zhou period began.

In 841 B.C., the people revolted, and the republic was administered. The history of our country began to have an exact chronology.

In 771 B.C., the dog Rong invaded Haojing, King You of Zhou was killed, and the Western Zhou Dynasty ended.

In 770 BC, King Ping of Zhou moved his capital to Luoyi. The Spring and Autumn period of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty began.

In 685 BC, Duke Huan of Qi ascended the throne and appointed Guan Zhong as the prime minister.

The Battle of the Long Spoon of Qilu in 684 BC.

In 656 BC, Duke Huan of Qi led the allied forces of Lu and Song to attack Chu.

In 638 BC, in the battle of Song and Chu Hongshui, Song Xianggong was defeated.

In 632 BC, in the battle of Jin and Chu Chengpu, the Chu army was defeated, and Jin Wen was hegemonic.

In 623 BC, Qin Mugong dominated Xirong.

In 597 BC, in the battle of Jin Chu Yi, the Jin army was defeated. King Chuzhuang reigned supreme.

Confucius was born in 551 BC.

In 506 B.C., King Wu conquered Chu.

In 496 BC, Goujian, the king of Yue, defeated the Wu army and died. Wu Wangfu was on the throne.

Beginning in 475 BC during the Warring States period, China entered a feudal society.

Xia, Shang, Zhou, Spring and Autumn Warring States Period, Qin, Han, Jin, Three Kingdoms Period, Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, Liao, Song, Western Xia, Jin, Yuan, Ming, Qing.

Three emperors and five emperors, Xia, Shang and Zhou, the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States period were chaotic.

The Qin and Han dynasties were east and west, and the south and the north were opposed.

The five dynasties of the Sui and Tang dynasties and the ten kingdoms, the emperors of the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties rested.

Xia Shang and Western Zhou.

The Eastern Zhou Dynasty is divided into two sections.

Spring and Autumn and Warring States.

Unified the Qin and Han dynasties.

Three points Wei Chu Wu.

The front and back edges of the second Jin Dynasty.

The North and the South stood side by side.

Five generations of Sui and Tang dynasties.

After the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties.

This is the end of the dynasty.

Xia, Shang, Western Zhou, Eastern Zhou, Qin, Han, Three Kingdoms, Western Jin, Eastern Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties, Sui and Tang, Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, Northern Song Dynasty, Southern Song Dynasty, Yuan Dynasty, Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Xia Dynasty - c. 22nd century BC - 17th century BC.

Shang Dynasty - c. early 17th century BC - 11th century BC.

The Zhou Dynasty - c. 11th century BC - 256 BC, divided into Western Zhou, Eastern Zhou, and Eastern Zhou was divided into Spring and Autumn and Warring States.

Qin Dynasty - 221 BC - 206 BC King of Qin (Win Zheng) unified the Six Kingdoms, after which Xiang Yu and Liu Bang fought a four-year Chu-Han War for the throne.

Western Han Dynasty - 206 BC - 25 AD, Han Gaozu (Liu Bang) - Emperor Wen of the > Han Dynasty - Emperor Jing of the > Han Dynasty (Liu Qi) - Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (Liu Che) of the > Dynasty

Eastern Han Dynasty - 25-220 AD (Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty) Liu Xiu.

Three Kingdoms - 220-280 AD Liu Bei, Cao Cao, and Sun Quan competed for the world.

The Jin Dynasty - 265-420 AD was divided into the Western Jin Dynasty and the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

Northern and Southern Dynasties - 386-581 AD.

Sui Dynasty - 581 AD - 618 AD Emperor Wen of Sui (Yang Jian).

Tang Dynasty - 618-907 AD Li Yuan - > Tang Taizong (Li Shimin) - > Tang Xuanzong (Li Longji).

Five dynasties - 907-960 A.D. Later Liang, Later Tang, Later Jin, Later Han, and Later Five Dynasties.

Song Dynasty - 960 AD, Northern Song Taizu (Zhao Kuangyin) Southern Song Dynasty (Zhao Gou) (1127-1279 AD).

Yuan Dynasty - 1271 - 1368, Yuan Shizu (Kublai Khan) was the grandson of Genghis Khan.

Ming Dynasty - 1368-1644 AD, Zhu Yuanzhang is the Ming Taizu.

Qing Dynasty - 1644-1911 AD.

Tang Yao, Yu Shun, Xia, Shang and Zhou, the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period were chaotic.

The Qin and Han dynasties were unified, and the southern and northern dynasties were opposed.

The five dynasties of the Sui and Tang dynasties and the ten kingdoms, the emperors of the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties rested.

The beginning and end of the dynasty created the human capital.

Yellow Emperor Yao Shunyu About 1.7 million to 4000 years ago Yellow Emperor Yao|Shun Xia Dynasty 2100-1600 BC Qiyang City.

Shang Dynasty 1600-1100 BC Tang Bo Yin.

Western Zhou Dynasty 1100-771 BC King Wu pickaxe.

Eastern Zhou Dynasty, 770-256 BC, King Ping of Zhou, Luoyi.

Spring and Autumn 770-476 BC Luoyi.

Warring States 475-221 BC

Qin Dynasty 221-206 BC Qin Shi Huang Xianyang.

Western Han Dynasty 202 BC - 8 AD Han Gaozu Chang'an.

New Dynasty 8-23 Wang Mang Chang'an.

Eastern Han Dynasty 25-220 Emperor Guangwu Luoyang.

Three Kingdoms, Wei, 220-265, Cao Cao, Luoyang.

Shu 221-263 Liu Bei, Chengdu.

Wu 229-280 Sun Quan Jianye.

Western Jin Dynasty 265-316 Sima Yan Luoyang.

Eastern Jin Dynasty 317-420 Sima Rui Jiankang.

Sixteen Kingdoms 304-439

Northern and Southern Dynasties 420-581

Sui Dynasty 581-618 Yang Jian Daxing.

Tang Dynasty 618-907 Tang Gaozu Chang'an.

Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 907-960

Song Dynasty Northern Song Dynasty 960-1127 Zhao Kuangyin Kaifeng Southern Song Dynasty 1127-1279 Gaozong Lin'an.

Liao Dynasty 916-1125 Yelu Abao Ji went to Beijing.

Western Xia 1038-1227 Li Yuanhao Xingqing.

Jin Dynasty 1115-1234 Agu Hit Zhongdu.

Yuan Dynasty 1271-1368 Kublai Khan Dadu.

Ming Dynasty 1368-1644 Zhu Yuanzhang Nanjing Beijing Qing Dynasty 1644-1911 Nurhachi Beijing.

Xia: ca. 2071 BC – ca. 1600 BC

Shang: c. 1600 BC – c. 1046 BC

Zhou: Western Zhou: 11th century BC - 771 BC

Eastern Zhou: 770-771 BC

Spring and Autumn: 770-256 BC

Warring States: 475-221 BC

Qin: 221-206 BC

Han: Western Han Dynasty: 206 BC - 23 AD

Eastern Han Dynasty: 25-220

Three Kingdoms: Wei: 220-265

Shu: 221-263

Wu: 222-280

Jin: Western Jin: 265-316

Eastern Jin Dynasty: 317-420

Sixteen Kingdoms 304-439

Northern and Southern Dynasties: Southern Dynasties: Song: 420-479

Qi: 479-502

Beam: 502-557

Chen: 557-589

Northern Dynasties: Northern Wei: 386-534

Eastern Wei: 534-550

Northern Qi: 550-557

Western Wei: 535-557

Northern Zhou: 557-581

Sui: 581-618

Tang: 618-907

Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms: Later Liang: 907-923

Later Tang: 923-936

Later Jin: 936-946

Later Han: 947-950

Next week: 951-960

Ten Kingdoms: 902-979

Song: Northern Song Dynasty: 960-1127

Southern Song Dynasty: 1127-1279

Liao: 907-1125

Western Xia: 1038-1227

Kim: 1115-1234

Yuan: 1279-1368

Ming: 1368-1644

Qing: 1644-1911

More than 3600 years.

The Xia Dynasty (c. 21st century BC – c. 16th century BC) was the first hereditary dynasty recorded in Chinese history books.