How is the smog day formed and what are the hazards?

Fog refers to an aerosol system composed of a large number of tiny water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the air near the surface, which is the product of water vapor condensation (or condensation) in the air near the surface. The so-called haze:

Also known as haze (haze) Particles such as dust, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and organic hydrocarbons in the air can also muddy the atmosphere, blur the field of view and cause visibility to deteriorate, if the horizontal visibility is less than 10,000 meters, the visual range obstruction caused by this aerosol system composed of non-aqueous substances is called haze or dust-haz. With the deterioration of air quality, the phenomenon of haze weather has increased, and the harm has increased. Recently, many areas in China have incorporated haze weather phenomena into fog as early warning and forecasting of disastrous weather.

Collectively referred to as "haze weather". In fact, there is a big difference between fog and haze from a certain point of view. For example:

The air is humid when fog is present; When haze occurs, the air is relatively dry, and the relative humidity of the air is usually below 60%. The cause of this is the phenomenon of air contamination with a large number of very fine dust particles, smoke particles, salt particles, etc., floating uniformly in the air, resulting in an effective horizontal visibility of less than 10 km. The symbol is " "The diurnal variation of haze is generally not obvious.

When there is no major change in the air mass and the air mass is relatively stable, it lasts for a long time, sometimes for more than 10 days. Due to weather phenomena such as haze, light fog, sandstorms, blowing sand, floating dust, and smoke, the effective horizontal visibility is less than 10km due to the influence of a large number of extremely fine dust particles or smoke particles floating in the air. Sometimes it can be difficult for even meteorologists to tell the difference.

It is necessary to combine the weather background, sky conditions, air humidity, color and odor, satellite monitoring and other factors to make a comprehensive analysis and judgment in order to draw a correct conclusion, and the weather phenomena of fog and haze can sometimes be converted to each other. Haze is harmful to the human body after inhaling the human respiratory tract and can be fatal in severe cases.

Fine dust cannot be dispersed due to air pressure and other factors.

The above content is available for reference:

Harm to the human body: Because the haze is mixed with a large number of toxic and harmful small particles, people will enter the respiratory tract and lungs with the air when breathing, which will introduce tracheitis, pneumonia and other diseases, and will lead to more serious diseases.

2.Harm to production and life: Haze weather has low visibility, which affects various transportation industries such as aviation, railway, shipping, and highways, and is easy to lead to traffic safety accidents and disrupt the normal order of production and life.

At the same time, it is corrosive to solid objects such as buildings and vehicles.

1. Affect traffic safety.

In hazy weather, due to poor air quality and low visibility, it is easy to cause traffic jams and traffic accidents. When driving and walking, you should observe the road conditions more often to avoid danger.

2. Affect the ecological environment.

Haze weather has an important impact on roads, railways, aviation, shipping, power supply systems, and crop growth. Fog and haze will cause air quality to deteriorate, affect the ecological environment, and bring great harm to human health.

3. Affect human health.

The main harm of haze is that once it is inhaled from the respiratory tract, it will be deposited in the alveoli of the human lungs, and the soot deposited in the alveoli will be dissolved and enter the blood, which is easy to cause blood poisoning.

4. Affect mental health.

Haze days can also affect people's mood, because the weather is gloomy all day long, the sun is yellow and dark, and the pineal gland in the human body secretes more pineal hormone, which makes the concentration of thyroxine and adrenaline relatively low. Thyroxine, adrenaline, etc., are hormones that arouse the work of cells, and once they are reduced, cells will become "lazy" and become extremely inactive, and people will appear listless.

Extended Materials. Protective measures.

1. Reducing going out is the most effective way to protect yourself, especially for people with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular and respiratory diseases, and they should go out as little as possible. You must remember to wear a mask when you go out, and do not open the windows of the car to reduce the pollution of the respiratory tract.

2. You can temporarily reduce morning exercise and try to go out at 10-14 o'clock. At the same time, it is necessary to drink more water, smoke less and stay away from "secondhand smoke" to reduce the burden on the lungs, liver and other organs.

3. You must go out on haze days, and you must do it after returning indoors: it is best to use warm water to wash your face, which can effectively clean the haze particles attached to the **; Gargling to remove dirt from the mouth; The most important thing is to clear the nasal passages.

4. Try not to open the windows in the case of escalating foggy weather; If you really need to open the window for ventilation, you should try to avoid the morning and evening haze peak hours when opening the window, and you can open the window a slit for ventilation to prevent the wind from blowing in directly, and the ventilation time should be half an hour to one hour each time.

Haze can produce a variety of harms to the human body, haze has obvious corresponding effects on the respiratory system, can lead to serious damage in the lungs, and can lead to acute exacerbation of related diseases of the original respiratory system, including chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, etc. In addition, because haze can lead to the inhalation of very fine particles, and can cause blood, which can further produce other cardiovascular and cerebrovascular damage, which can cause multi-system damage to the human body, so haze has a very serious adverse effect on the body.

Causes of smog Smog is caused by exhaust gases from automobiles, exhaust gases from factories, and fireworks and firecrackers. When the water vapor suspended in the atmosphere condenses and the visibility is less than 1,000 meters, meteorology calls it fog. Saturation occurs when the water vapor contained in the air reaches its maximum.

If there is more water vapor than the saturated amount, the excess will condense and combine with the tiny dust particles in the air to form small water droplets or ice crystals, suspended near the ground.

Winter fog is known as the "winter killer", coupled with pollutants such as industrial exhaust gas, automobile exhaust, dust in the air, bacteria and viruses in the air, attached to these water droplets, people in daily life and travel, these substances will have an impact on the respiratory tract of the human body, may cause acute upper respiratory tract infection (cold), acute tracheobronchitis and pneumonia, asthma attack, induce or aggravate chronic bronchitis, etc. In particular, children's respiratory tract, nose, trachea, and bronchial mucosa are soft, and the number of alveoli is small, the elastic fiber development is poor, and the interstitial development is vigorous, and they are more susceptible to respiratory virus infection. Being in foggy weather for a long time can cause tracheitis, laryngitis, pneumonia, asthma, rhinitis, ocular conjunctivitis and allergic diseases, which have a certain impact on the growth and development of young children and adolescents and their physique.

In addition, diabetic patients with poor air quality and poor immunity in foggy weather are very likely to have lung and tracheal infections that may aggravate their condition.

Naturally occurring haze is actually small droplets and very fine dust particles in the air, which are generally not harmful; Man-made smog is harmful, simply put, the particulate matter and small droplets formed by industrial production and other activities are dispersed in the air, and some harmful chemicals will be adsorbed or dissolved in it, which will cause harm to the human respiratory tract and eyes.