What are the main features of the first cervical vertebrae? 5

There are seven cervical vertebrae. From top to bottom, they are the atlas vertebrae, the pivotal vertebrae, the third cervical vertebrae, the fourth cervical vertebrae, the fifth cervical vertebrae, the sixth cervical vertebrae, and the seventh cervical vertebrae.

Features of the first section:

The first cervical vertebra, also known as the atlas vertebrae, has no vertebral body and spinous process, and is composed of anterior and posterior arches and lateral blocks. The anterior arch is shorter, and the dentate in the middle of the middle is the joint with the second cervical vertebrae. The anterior tubercle in the middle segment is an attachment of the bilateral cervical muscles.

The posterior arch is long with a tubercle behind it, then a raised tubercle followed by an attachment of the rectus abdominis muscle. On the arch at the back, there is a notch on each side called the vertebral artery canal. The vertebral artery perforates laterally, bypassing the lateral block, through this sulcus, and through the large hole of the occipital bone into the cranial cavity.

At the upper end of the lateral block, there is an elliptical concave articular surface, and the occipital condyle constitutes the occipital joint. The lower part of the side block has a flat articular surface. The lateral side of the lateral block has a transverse process, which can be the fulcrum of rotational motion, and it is longer and larger than the transverse process of other cervical vertebrae.

Selected from "Spine **** Science" by Long Layer Flower.

The annular vertebra (1st cervical vertebra) has no vertebral body and spinous process, and consists of anterior arch, posterior arch, and left and right lateral blocks. The anterior arch is short, medial and articular, forming an articulation with the axial odontoid process, which is held in place by the transverse ligament. The median tubercle anterior to the anterior arch is the attachment point of the longus neck muscles on both sides; The posterior arch is long, and the posterior tubercle protrudes upwards in the middle of the posterior square, which prevents the head from hyperextension and is the attachment point of the rectus minorus muscle on both sides.

vertebral artery sulcus at proximal blocks on both sides above the posterior arch; The lateral block has an oval, concave articular surface that forms a occipital annular joint with the occipital condyle. There are flat articular surfaces on each side below, facing down anteriorly medially, forming joints with the supraaxial articular process. There are transverse processes on both sides of the lateral block, which are long and large, and are the fulcrum of the rotation of the ring vertebrae.

Answer]: B The first cervical vertebra is also called the atlas vertebrae, which has no vertebral body, spinous process and guanxiyuan articular process, and is composed of anterior and posterior arches and lateral blocks. There is a transverse process on the outside of the lateral block, which can serve as the fulcrum of the rotational movement of the atlas vertebrae, which is longer than the transverse process of other cervical vertebrae and is larger than the transverse process.

The structure of the cervical spine with hail has two tubercles, anterior and posterior, which surround each other to form a transverse foramen, which is unique to the cervical vertebrae.

The cervical vertebrae, which refers to the cervical vertebrae, are located below the head and above the thoracic vertebrae. The cervical vertebrae are composed of seven cervical vertebrae, except for the first cervical vertebra and the second cervical vertebrae, there is an intervertebral disc between the other cervical vertebrae, plus the intervertebral disc between the seventh cervical vertebra and the first Peichang thoracic vertebrae, the cervical vertebra has a total of 6 intervertebral discs.

Except for the special structure of the first and second cervical vertebrae, the rest of the cervical vertebrae are roughly similar to the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, and are composed of basic structures such as vertebral bodies, vertebral arches, and protrusions. The vertebral body is in front and the vertebral arch is in the back, and the two surround to form the foramen together. All the foramina are connected to form the spinal canal, which houses the spinal cord.

The cervical spine is the smallest segment of the vertebrae in the spine, but it has the greatest flexibility, the highest frequency of activity, and a large weight-bearing segment.

The 1st cervical vertebra and the 2nd cervical vertebra are called the upper cervical vertebrae, due to the anatomical characteristics, 50% of the rotation of the head and neck is carried out in the atlantoaxial joint, the anterior 1 3 of the atlantoaxial cavity is divided by the transverse ligament, which houses the dentate process, the rotation of the head and the large conscript flexion and extension function here, because there is no pyramidal vertebrae, so that the dentate process of the pivotal vertebra is active in its wide space, the posterior 2 3 constitutes a wide spinal canal, the spinal cord only accounts for 1 3, and the remaining 1 3 is free, the vertebral artery is an important blood vessel to nourish the brainstem and cerebellum, and it detours back to the brain from the posterior and external detours of the first and second cervical vertebrae.

1. Cervical radiculopathy.

The incidence of this type of cervical spondylosis is much higher than that of other types of cervical spondylosis. Its main characteristics are: neck pain and stiffness are the main symptoms in the early stage of the disease, and as the disease deepens, it can radiate to the shoulders and back, and the pain is particularly severe when the neck is active.

In addition, patients may also feel abnormalities in the upper limbs, muscle strength and hand grip decrease.

2. Cervical myelopathy.

The incidence of this type of cervical spondylosis is low, but the symptoms are more serious, and its main characteristics are: the neck pain is mild in the early stage of the disease, and the main manifestations are weakness in the limbs, unsteady walking, and pyramidal tract damage. As the disease progressively worsens, neuronal paralysis may occur.

3. Vertebral artery cervical spondylosis.

Vertebral artery cervical spondylosis, which is mainly characterized by vertigo, headache, visual impairment, cataplexy, etc. Vertigo is the main symptom of this type of cervical spondylosis; Headaches are mostly episodic swelling pains, often accompanied by autonomic nerve dysfunction and other symptoms; Visual impairment is mainly manifested as transient insomnia and diplopia; Cataplexy usually occurs when the head is suddenly turned or flexed and extended, and it is characterized by suddenness.

4. Sympathetic cervical spondylosis.

Attacks of this type of cervical spondylosis are mainly due to sympathetic nerve involvement in the neck. The main feature is that the patient will have persistent dizziness and headache during the onset of the disease.

The so-called cervical spondylosis is just that people do not pay attention to maintaining the correct posture of the cervical spine in their daily life and work, such as long-term bowing of the head, tilting the head to sleep with a high pillow, or not pillowing pillows, etc., which lead to the straightening of the physiological curvature of the cervical spine, and the backward dislocation of the cervical joints with different degrees; Atlantaxial muscle strain, at the same time, the cervical joint is also dislocated to the left or right, squeezing the carotid artery, internal vein, spinal cord, nerves and other organs, resulting in a variety of symptoms: such as cervical spine pain, dizziness in the back of the head, migraine, orbital pain, inability to open the eyes, insomnia, dreaminess, sudden fainting and falling, blurred vision, swollen eyes, cold face, numbness and pain, drooling, sudden tinnitus, deafness, dry mouth, saliva secretion disorder, slurred words, large tongue can not speak, difficulty swallowing, tooth swelling, pain, jaw numbness and pain, difficulty eating, hands There are more than 300 kinds of symptoms such as numbness and pain in the arm, inability to move the hands and arms, shoulder pain, etc., which seriously affect people's normal life! Although the symptoms are severe, they are completely preventable and can be reduced in about three hours**.

The only correct way is: 1. Bad habits such as bowing and tilting the head must be corrected, otherwise cervical spondylosis will inevitably be **. 2. Do cervical joint reduction.

After the onset of cervical spondylosis, it can cause many symptoms, such as pain in the neck, shoulder, and back, and can also lead to limited movement of the cervical spine, pain and numbness in the upper limbs, headache, dizziness and other symptoms. When the above symptoms occur, patients should actively go to the hospital for treatment, and take drugs**, traction**, surgery** and other ways to improve their condition.

In recent years, more and more people have joined the "bowing family", this bad habit is very harmful to physical health, especially easy to cause cervical spondylosis, coupled with poor sitting posture, long-term desk work, all of which have led to a higher and higher incidence of cervical spondylosis. Cervical spondylosis should be prompted when symptoms appear, so as not to cause more serious consequences. So, what are the symptoms of cervical spondylosis?

1. Neck, shoulder and back pain.

The main manifestation of cervical spondylosis is the symptoms of pain, almost all cervical spondylosis diseases will have obvious pain in the early stage and throughout the course, the pain location can occur in the neck, shoulder and back, etc., most of which the pain occurs in the neck, followed by the shoulder, upper arm, forearm and other parts, cervical spondylosis can also cause headache symptoms.

2. Restricted activities.

After suffering from cervical spondylosis, the patient can feel that the range of motion of the cervical spine is significantly reduced, and the symptoms of stiff muscles in the neck and shoulder can appear, and there can also be stagnation and soreness, and it is more difficult to do the actions of turning the neck, bending forward, leaning back, etc., sometimes turning the neck with a little force, and severe pain can occur, and radiate to the upper limbs and other parts. Many patients experience dizziness when the neck is turned, and cataplexy may occur in severe cases.

3. Pain and numbness in the upper limbs.

Cervical spondylosis can also cause symptoms of swelling and tingling in the upper limbs, and in severe cases, the pain can radiate to the arm area, and the pain is exacerbated when taking deep breaths, coughing, and sneezing, which is often unbearable. In many patients, pain worsens at night, severely affecting sleep quality. Even oral pain medications are not effective in providing relief and can last for days or even months.

4. Cervical headache.

Sympathetic cervical spondylosis, radiculopathy, and vertebral artery cervical spondylosis can all cause headache symptoms, among which sympathetic cervical spondylosis has the most headache symptoms. In addition to headache, patients can also have symptoms of dizziness, which is mainly manifested as dizziness, and there are feelings such as unsteady standing, rotation of surrounding scenery, sagging, and tilting during dizziness. Dizziness attacks may be accompanied by tinnitus, nausea, vomiting and other symptoms.

The manifestations of cervical spondylosis are varied. Traditionally, cervical spondylosis is divided into a series of types, such as cervical spondylosis, radiculopathy, vertebral artery, sympathetic, spinal, esophageal, etc. Different types of patients with cervical spondylosis, they have different clinical manifestations, the most common clinical manifestations are neck pain, as well as arm numbness, arm pain, dizziness, palpitation, insomnia, these involve sympathetic nerves, sympathetic cervical spondylosis is the most complex.

Such patients may experience dizziness, palpitation, insomnia, emotional irritability, and a series of other manifestations. There is also the spinal cord type, when the intervertebral disc compresses the spinal cord, the patient will have spinal cord type manifestations. For example, there will be a feeling of stepping on cotton under the soles of the feet, and the aisle will be unstable and weak.

Some patients are esophageal type, the esophagus has been compressed because of cervical spondylosis, and some problems can often be found when taking **, because some patients have bone spurs in the cervical spine that grow forward and will squeeze into the esophagus. In traditional Chinese medicine, there is a symptom called plum core qi, and I always feel that there is something in my throat, and many patients are caused by cervical spondylosis.

Clinical manifestations of cervical spondylosis (i.e., cervical spondylosis occurs when one of the following conditions occurs):

1. Radiculotype: neck pain, upward and downward can restrain the occipital and back of the head, shoulder and back and upper limbs, weakening muscle strength, numbness of fingers, and weakness of holding objects.

2. Spinal cord type: over 40 years old, limb stiffness and numbness, progressive weakness. Due to the different positions of cervical spinal cord compression, it is divided into unilateral and bilateral. Features of this type.

Neck pain and impaired mobility are mild or absent; Symptoms of the lower extremities appear earlier than those of the upper extremities.

3.Vertebral artery type: neck and shoulder pain or occipital pain, headache, dizziness, tinnitus, deafness, nausea and blurred vision, etc., sometimes there may be limb sensory impairment, unstable holding and sudden fainting, often due to head rotation and rapid improvement when changing to a normal position.

In a few cases, symptoms such as dilated pupils on one side or pseudoangina may occur.

4.Sympathetic nervous type: occipital pain and headache or migraine, eye socket swelling and pain, tearing, blurred vision, palpitations and precordial pain, chest tightness, cold limbs, ** temperature drop, local sweating or little sweating, as well as redness and fever at the fingertips, hyperalgesia and tinnitus, deafness, tongue numbness and other symptoms.