Is the photon in optics a substance or energy? ”

It is both matter and energy.

Because matter and energy are one and the same thing in themselves, only in the way we perceive and describe them differently.

The energy of light is not continuous, it is transmitted one by one, and each part is a photon, at this time, the photon can be regarded as energy.

At the same time, photons, as particles, are also a substance.

When it is called a photon, it is mainly regarded as a physical particle, which has no rest mass but has an impulse. In the photoelectric effect, it is the impulse of the photon that gives energy to the electron.

When it is called light, it is mainly viewed as a wave.

Of course, even though it becomes a photon, it is also a study of its macroscopic effects.

It is both matter and energy, because it has wave-particle geomorphism, and it has energy when it is seen as a wave, and it is matter when it is seen as a particle.

Light is actually a kind of electromagnetic wave, he has interference and diffraction phenomena, after the discovery of the photoelectric effect at the end of the 19th century, Einstein proposed the photon theory at the beginning of the 20th century, confirming that light has both wave and particle properties.

It's matter, a particle with energy!

It can be seen as a particle, but at the same time it is a form of energy.

The 'photon' in optics is a type of particle.

Matter and energy are essentially matter.

The photon has zero mass at rest, i.e. it has no mass when it is at rest (in fact, when it is at rest, it means that it does not exist), it moves at the speed of light (300,000 kilometers per second), when it moves, it can be regarded as a particle (i.e. matter), when it has an energy relationship with other particles, it gives its energy to other particles and dies by itself, or it gets energy from other people and thus its own energy is greater.

When a large number of photons are studied, it shows wave property, which is also a property of all particles.

In summary, photons can be seen as both matter and sometimes energy. Because something that has mass is energy in itself

Basic properties of photons.

A photon refers to the smallest unit of electromagnetic waves, which is particle-like and wave-like. In terms of waveability, photons can exhibit classical wave phenomena such as interference and diffraction; In terms of particle, photons have physical quantities such as energy, momentum, etc. Unlike other particles of matter, photons have no electric charge and do not interact with electromagnetic fields, so they are not affected by electromagnetic fields.

The energy of the photon.

The energy of a photon is related to its frequency or wavelength, satisfying the Planck-Einstein formula e=h = hc (h is Planck's constant, c is the speed of light, is the frequency of light, is the wavelength of light) and scatters the ridge. Thus, photons are a manifestation of energy.

The materiality of photons.

Photons are granular and can therefore exhibit materiality in certain situations. For example, in the photoelectric effect, photons can excite electrons to detach from atoms and exhibit particle-like properties. In addition, in high-energy physics experiments, high-energy photons can collide with material particles to produce new particles, which also exhibit particle-likeness.

The binding state of the photon.

Since the photon is the smallest unit of electromagnetic waves, multiple photons can combine to form more complex electromagnetic waves for land infiltration. Lasers, for example, are produced by a large number of photons joining together. When photons are densely distributed, interacting collective phenomena such as Bose-Einstein condensation may also form.

Conclusion. To sum up, photons are both matter and energy, with particle properties and wave properties. Photons are a manifestation of energy and at the same time material, can exhibit particle-likeness.

Since the photon is the smallest unit of electromagnetic waves, multiple photons can combine to form more complex electromagnetic waves and exhibit collective phenomena.

You've asked a question that still hasn't been answered, that light has wave-particle duality, which means that it has the properties of both waves and particles, and waves can be seen as energy and particles can be seen as matter.

In this case, we can only begin to question the definition of energy and matter, if matter and energy can be transformed into each other, then will light be that intermediate state? Albert Einstein told us that when an object is fast enough, it becomes more massive (e.g. at 90% of the speed of light, the mass becomes more than twice as much). Mass is an important property of matter, since the energy will become larger, the mass will increase, so how can matter be regarded simply as the carrier of energy?

Just as people said that matter is made up of atoms and molecules, they thought that they had found elementary particles, but now that they realize that atoms are made of quarks, they know that there are holes in atoms. One day when the definitions of matter and energy are recognized, I believe that your problem will not be a problem.

In Newton's time, it was believed that light was a large number of particles emitted by a light source, which means that at that time it was believed that light was formed by matter. But later there was an objection to this statement, arguing that light is actually a transverse wave, which does not have mass, so it is not a substance.

My understanding:

However, any existence that can be observed or known can be called "matter" in philosophy, and energy or mass can be regarded as a property of matter, and the two can be converted into each other.

Light particles have wave-particle duality, that is, they have both the properties of waves and particles.

First, according to the mass-energy equation, mass and energy can theoretically be converted into each other, so it is meaningless to simply discuss whether light is energy or mass, and matter itself contains the values of energy and mass. Because objects with mass cannot be accelerated to the speed of light, you can think of light as a matter with infinitesimally small masses (close to 0). The second question is, why does moving consume energy?

It's time for a good review of Newton's three laws of mechanics. Because the mass of a photon is close to 0, the energy it has is also very small, and there are only two consequences after being collided in motion, either as energy is absorbed by other matter (energy is completely lost), or as mass is not absorbed (no energy loss) but changes the direction of motion.

Light is a substance that contains energy; For example, if a beam of light hits a metal plate at a specific frequency, and electrons escape from the metal plate, light is particle-like. In fact, this beam of light can be regarded as a small ball with its own energy moving in a uniform linear motion in a certain direction at a certain frequency, hitting the nucleus of the metal atom on the metal plate, and the nucleus absorbs the energy and releases the electron.

This process energy is conserved; If light travels in a vacuum, it has no loss of energy, and it will continue to move until it touches other matter; If it moves in the air or other substances, it can be regarded as a photon hitting some nuclei in the air, and the photon may be absorbed or ** in this process, it has energy loss, so compared with propagating in a vacuum, the light in the air is a little slower.

First of all, light is energy, according to the theory of electromagnetic field, light is an electromagnetic wave, electromagnetic wave is a changing electromagnetic field, and the electromagnetic field has electromagnetic energy, therefore, light is the energy that travels in space;

Secondly, any energy is material, and according to the theory of relativity, energy and mass (one of the properties of matter) are related: e=m*c2;So light is also matter.

In the process of propagation, if light interacts with other substances such as media, the energy of light will be converted into other energy, and the light energy will be attenuated;

Finally, it should be pointed out that all matter has energy, and any energy is accompanied by matter, and there is no so-called "pure matter" without energy, and of course there is no so-called "pure energy". Because energy itself is a property of matter.

I know this question (I can only cite the hypothesis of the scientist Hawking at the moment), more than 20 billion years ago, the universe **, there was no mass, there was no time, but it was full of energy, there was light, due to the change in the speed of light, in a small space of minus 132 cubic meters (according to quantum theory, time and space have the smallest unit. Which is the smallest unit of space just now), a large ** occurs at this singularity, the universe is born, producing a high temperature close to 100 billion degrees, spreading everywhere, and constantly cooling, when the temperature drops to 2 billion degrees, the energy begins to be converted into mass (according to Einstein's mass-energy equation e=mcc), and begins to produce elements, at first it produces heavy metals, and then it produces hydrocarbon, hydrocarbon, helium or something.

According to Einstein's photoelectric equation and quantum theory, light can be understood as: discontinuous energy beam waves, which also have the characteristics of particles. However, it is not a particle in the true sense of the word, and should not be classified as matter.

There was no matter before the universe was big! ）

hv0=ha0/c。

According to the photoelectric effect formula, the width of the volt, hv-w=ek, hv0=w. Using the formula w=hv0=ha0 c, where a0 is the red-limited wavelength and c is the speed of light.

The work done by the containment voltage is exactly equal to the kinetic energy ek, so eu=hv-w, v corresponds to the wavelength of 330nm, and w is the work of escape found in 1.

Brief introduction. Increasing the irradiance of the beam increases the "density" of photons in the beam, excitation of more electrons in the same amount of time, but does not cause each excited electron to absorb more photons and gain more energy. In other words, the energy of the photoelectron is not related to the irradiance, but only to the energy and frequency of the photon.

The electrons irradiated by the beam absorb the energy of the photon shirt, but the mechanism follows a kind of all-or-nothing criterion, and all the energy of the photon must be absorbed to overcome the work of escape, otherwise the energy will be released. If the energy absorbed by the electron can overcome the work of escape, and there is residual energy, this residual energy will become the kinetic energy of the electron after it is emitted.

Photon energy is a single-carrier photon of sedan energy. The energy is directly proportional to the amount of energy of the photon at electromagnetic frequency, therefore, equivalently, with the wavelength. The higher the photon frequency, the higher the energy.

Similarly, the longer the wavelength of a photon, the lower its energy. Photon energy can be expressed in either way. Energy units.

Among the units commonly used to represent the energy of a photon, electron volts (EV) and joules (and multiples of it, such as microjoules). One joule equal to a larger unit is a better representation of the energy of a higher-frequency, higher-energy photon, such as a gamma-scrambled dry horse ray, than a low-energy photon, such as the electromagnetic spectrum in the radio frequency region.

The formula is e=hv, where h is Planck's constant and v is the frequency of light. The value of Planck's constant is about: h=