What are the pest control measures for pollution free vegetable cultivation?

The so-called pollution-free vegetables refer to the content of harmful substances (such as pesticide residues, heavy metals, nitrite, etc.) in vegetables, which are controlled within the allowable range of national regulations and do not cause harm to human health after people eat them.

The requirements for pesticides in the production process of pollution-free vegetables are very strict, the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China has made strict regulations on the problem of pollution-free vegetable pesticides, methamidophos, carbofuran, dimethoate, methyl parathion, parathion, monocrotophos, methylphos (3911) methyl isosulfonate, sodium pentachlorophenol, amidine, dicofol and other pesticides, including mixed preparations containing the above ingredients are strictly prohibited from being used in vegetables. The pollution-free vegetable production base should be far away from pollution sources and not be harmed by the "three wastes"; The terrain should be flat, with good drainage and irrigation, especially the water quality should be good, and no sewage should be used to irrigate the ground.

What are the methods of pollution-free vegetable pest control?

1. Biological control:

The use of natural enemies, such as the use of aphid wasp to control greenhouse whitefly, the use of biological pesticides to control diseases and insects, 2% vouramethin water solution 200 times liquid to prevent and control cucumber anthracice, 4% spring leimycin wettable powder 1000 times liquid to control cucumber bacterial horn spot, Bacillus thuringiensis wettable powder kilogram hectares of foliar spray can control aphids, red spiders.

2. Agricultural prevention and control

It is necessary to remove the residual branches and leaves, weeds, and diseased plant residues in the field before planting, and transport them out of the field to be buried or burned. Avoid non-undergraduate crops for more than 3 years in rotation, avoid heavy stubble, use black-seeded pumpkin as anvil grafting and other measures to prevent diseases and insects.

3.Physical control:

The use of yellow plate to attract aphids and silver-gray membrane strips to avoid aphids to prevent aphids, set up insect nets or shade nets to prevent insects, high temperature stuffy shed, the temperature in the shed between 42 45, lasting hours, prevention and control of cucumber downy mildew, warm soup soaking with 50 55 warm water constant temperature for 20 minutes to achieve seed disinfection.

4.Chemical control:

Do a good job in pest and disease forecasting, early prevention, to the symptomatic timely and appropriate amount of medication, chemical control, depending on the degree of the disease, in the early stage of the disease 7 10 days spray a drug, even prevention 3 4 times, the same pesticide variety shall not be used 3 times in a row, should be used alternately, the prevention and control of diseases according to the different types of bacteria, can be selected with the corresponding pesticide control, the selection of 72% dew, 69% anker manganese zinc, 75% chlorothalonil, 70% mancozeb, 50% carbendazim, 50% methyl tobuzin and other wettable agents to prevent and control downy mildewFor fungal diseases such as blight and anthracic, 72% agricultural streptomycin sulfate, 77% wettable powder, and 30% DT wettable powder are used to prevent and control bacterial diseases such as bacterial horn spot; 5% bacterial poison clear wettable powder and 20% virus A wettable powder are used to prevent and control viral diseases. Use insect concentrate EC, pixoline wettable powder, 50% phosphine chloride, argon, cyanide, pyrethrin EC and deltamethrin EC for insect pest control.

In vegetable production, the guideline of "prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control" should be achieved, a pollution-free production base should be established, and the following ten technical points should be followed:

1.It is strictly forbidden to apply highly toxic and high-residue pesticides, such as carbofuran, etc.

2.Choose pesticides with high efficiency, low toxicity, low residue, and low lethality to natural enemies of pests, such as phosphine, carbendazim, etc.

3.The vegetable base should be kept away from the source of industrial and mining pollution to avoid the pollution of "three wastes".

4.Choose disease-resistant, insect-resistant high-quality and high-yield varieties.

5.Deep ploughing, crop rotation and stubble, adjust temperature and humidity, and cultivate a good ecological environment.

6.Promote the use of microbial pesticides.

7.Do a good job in the forecast of pests and diseases, and use drugs in a timely and appropriate manner.

8.Promote physical control methods that do not cause pollution, such as soaking seeds in warm soup, high-temperature stuffy sheds, and grafting of black-seeded pumpkins.

9.Do a good job in formula fertilization, control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, and promote the application of organic fertilizers with active bacteria such as enzyme bacteria and K100.

10.Do a good job of plant quarantine. Strictly prevent the introduction and spread of devastating diseases such as cucumber scab and tomato canker.

The development of pollution-free vegetable production, at the same time, should start from the vegetable field ecosystem as a whole, in line with the principles of economy, safety, effectiveness and simplicity, optimize and coordinate the use of agricultural, biological, chemical and physical supporting measures, to create favorable vegetable yield, and unfavorable conditions for the occurrence of pests and diseases, to achieve high yield, high quality, low consumption, harmless purposes.

<>1) Seed treatment: Seeds can be treated by drying seeds, soaking seeds and other methods, which can play the role of disinfection and sterilization. That is, before sowing or soaking seeds to promote germination, the seeds are dried for 2-3 days, and the sunlight can be used to kill the germs attached to the seeds; Soak the seeds of orange eggplant, melon and fruit in warm water at 50 degrees Celsius-55 degrees Celsius for 10-15 minutes, which can play a role in disinfection and sterilization.

Soaking seeds in 10% salt water for io minutes can bleaching out and killing the sclerotinia residues and germs mixed into the bean seeds, and then rinsing the seeds with clean water, which can also prevent and control a variety of nematode diseases.

2) Use solar energy for high-temperature disinfection, disease and insect control.

When cultivating in plastic greenhouses or greenhouses, during the summer leisure period, the greenhouse should be closed and heated in the sun on sunny days (the temperature can reach 60 degrees Celsius-70 degrees Celsius) for 5-7 days, which can kill a variety of pests and diseases in the soil. The solar greenhouse adopts the method of short-term high-temperature stuffy shed in the morning on sunny days, which can effectively control cucumber downy mildew, tomato gray mold and melon scab. For the prevention and control of cucumber and celery root-knot nematode disease, a closed shed film can be used after irrigation, and sunlight can be used to achieve the purpose of killing nematodes at high temperature.

3) Hunting, evading, and booby-trapping.

For example, aphids, cotton bollworms, cabbage insects, thrips and other pests can be controlled by direct hunting, silver reflective film insect prevention, yellow sticky paper, sexual attractants, willow branch moths, phosphorus insect repellent and other methods.

4) Spray non-toxic protective agents and health care agents.

Spraying 400-500 times of bamulan on the foliar surface of vegetables can make the foliar surface form a polymer non-toxic lipid film, which has the effect of preventing pollution; Foliar spraying of phytobiotics can increase the ability of plants to resist diseases and pests, and there is no corrosion, no pollution, safe and convenient.

5) Isolation protection.

The use of insect nets can effectively prevent the harm of a large number of pests, and at the same time can prevent the damage of heavy rain and strong winds; The use of shade nets can prevent and control the viral diseases of vegetables such as peppers after autumn, and at the same time can play a shading role, providing good conditions for the growth of vegetables in summer and autumn and out of season. Set up fine gauze nets at the vents of the shed to prevent the invasion of pests such as whiteflies and aphids.

Observe; Observe; Farmers can stand in the field or local area where the vegetables are grown and observe from a distance whether the vegetables are growing consistently. If the vegetable is infected with fungal diseases, the growth, stem height, leaf color, fruit shape and other characteristics of the vegetable must be different from that of the normally grown vegetable crop; Under normal circumstances, if a vegetable is infected with a fungal disease, there will inevitably be one or a local center of disease, one piece, from which it gradually spreads; The experience of observing and judging vegetable fungal disease is that it spreads from local to whole plants, from single to multiple, from point to surface, from light to severe.

Observe, look closely; If the vegetable is infected with fungal disease, you can walk into the center of the plant and see if the color of the leaves is different from other normally growing plants. Observe whether there are fungal diseases on the leaves of diseased plants with different shapes of leaf spot or leaf blight; Observe whether there is rot on the roots, stems, leaves and fruits of the diseased plant; Observe the wilting of stems, vines, and petioles; Observe the withered basal leaves and the base of the dry stem. To touch is to touch; Farmers must touch the leaves of the infected plant to see for frost powder, flocculents, rust, cotton wool, and particulate matter.

touch the black-brown humus spots on the dorsal part of the leaf; Touch the leaves for fission tissue, touch the leaf spots and plaques for infected tissue to see if they are dry and rotten; Touch the base of the stem for gelatinous material outflow, and touch the stem petiole for growth fluid overflow; Touch the infected stems and leaves, and feel whether the fruit is brittle or soft.

friction devices; For plant fungal diseases that have been infected, you can use your fingertips to pinch the infected tissue to see if there are milky nematodes inside; Pinch the stems and tendrils to see if there is an outflow of growth juice and if you smell a pungent odor; Pinch the infected vine fruit to fade and look for the presence of nodular material. pulling, that is, pulling out plants; For bacterial plants that have been infected with fungi, the plants can be uprooted, and whether the roots have grown nodules and whether the root tissues have changed color and rotted; Check for blockage of vascular bundles at the base of the roots and stems and for white nematode bodies in the roots.

Downy mildew. Downy mildew can infect most fruits and vegetables. In the early stages of downy mildew infestation, pale yellow watery spots appear on the leaves, forming irregular round spots.

On the underside of the leaves, there is white frosty particulate matter, and the edges of the plaques are thickened and raised. Different vegetable varieties have different downy mildew infections, and biological agents such as Bordeaux liquid, mancozeb, chlorothalonil, anti-alum, and potassium salt can be sprayed according to the instructions.

Mold disease, powdery mildew, wilt, vine blight, blight, anthracnose can occur, all of which are diseases that can be found when growing vegetables. It is necessary to pay attention to the requirements of prevention and control, understand the causes of diseases, choose special pesticides, pay attention to the amount of pesticides used, pay attention to the prevention and control, and observe the growth of vegetables.

Fungal diseases, bacterial diseases, viral diseases, root-knot nematode diseases, physiological diseases, leaf-eating insect diseases. It is necessary to pay attention to the way of planting, but also to the protection of crops in the planting process, and also to timely sterilization and disinfection, and timely prevention.

Rust, powdery mildew, downy mildew, anthracnose, gray mold. Be sure to choose a targeted agent to carry out **, pay attention to the concentration of the agent, do not abuse pesticides, it is best to choose biological agents.

Hello, dear, it is a pleasure to serve you to achieve integrated control measures for vegetable pests and diseases as follows:1Proper fertilization:

If the nutritional status of vegetables is poor, it is possible to shorten their effectiveness against pests and diseases. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the balance of nutrients applied when fertilizing, and according to the absorption of crops, a reasonable proportion of fertilization and seed tolerance should be applied to improve the resistance of plants and the ability to inhibit diseases and insects. 2.

Centralized treatment: Before the emergence of pests and diseases, it is more necessary to take preventive measures, strictly observe and control pests and diseases, reduce the spread of pests and diseases, detect pests and diseases as soon as possible, and implement anti-pest and disease measures in a centralized manner to ensure that diseases and grasses do not further expand. 3.

Sawing weeding: Reducing or eliminating pests and diseases often requires certain conditions, usually need to be eliminated with other pests and diseases in the same spring, such as sawing weeding, which is to eliminate the colonies of plant root tuberculosis meristems and plant pathogens play a great role.

The comprehensive and scattered control of vegetable diseases and insect pests mainly includes the following aspects: good soil management: maintain soil organic matter content, increase soil fertility, and be conducive to the growth of vegetables.

At the same time, fertilizer should be applied rationally to avoid soil acidification and salinization caused by excessive fertilization. Planting varieties resistant to pests and diseases: According to the environmental conditions of different regions and different seasons, choosing vegetable varieties that are resistant to diseases and insects can effectively reduce the possibility of pests and diseases.

Reasonable planting structure: adopt methods such as crop rotation or intercropping to avoid continuous cropping and prevent the accumulation and spread of pests and diseases. Pest and disease surveillance:

Frequent field inspections are carried out to detect the occurrence of pests and diseases in a timely manner, so that corresponding control measures can be taken. Biological control: the use of biological products such as natural enemies, parasitic insects, and entomopathogenic bacteria for prevention and control is conducive to controlling the number and spread of pests and diseases.

Chemical control: When necessary for pest control, use safe, effective and low-toxicity pesticides for prevention and control, pay attention to the use of pesticides and periods, and reduce pollution to the environment and harm to the human body. Agroecological measures:

Top dressing, furrow mulching and other measures were adopted to increase the number and diversity of natural enemies of pests and diseases, and promote ecological balance. It should be noted that comprehensive prevention and control is not only a simple superposition of a single prevention and control method, but a variety of comprehensive prevention and control measures should be adopted according to the actual situation, and cooperate with each other to form an overall prevention and control.

Dear, I'm honored to have your question Integrated management of vegetable pests and diseases refers to the use of biological, physical and chemical means to control the occurrence and spread of vegetable pests and diseases. 1.Biological control:

Use beneficial organisms or microorganisms to fight pests and diseases, such as insect parasitic wasps, predatory insects, natural enemy microorganisms, etc. 2.Mechanical control:

Use manual or mechanical means, such as physical traps, yellow boards, blue boards, white boards, etc. 3.Masking control:

Adopt nets, shade nets, insect nets and other methods to prevent the invasion and spread of pests and diseases. 4.Chemical control:

Use chemical agents, such as insecticides, fungicides, etc., but need to choose pesticides reasonably and follow pesticide management policies and use requirements. 5.Ecological Planting:

Select varieties that are environmentally friendly, easy to grow and grow, resistant to diseases and insect pests, and high yield, rationally allocate plots susceptible to diseases and pests, and take measures such as crop rotation, intercropping, and intercropping to promote ecological balance. 6.Management Measures:

Strengthen soil management, monitoring of pests and diseases, maintain farmland hygiene, and avoid continuous cropping in areas where planting is too heavy and prone to pests and diseases. The above comprehensive measures should be combined with the specific planting environment and pest and disease conditions, flexible use, and comprehensive implementation to achieve the purpose of integrated pest control.