With regard to soilless cultivation of grapes, what technologies are needed for pollution free vitic

Grape soilless cultivation techniques.

1. Cultivation form and substrate formula.

Grapes are perennial fruit trees with complex growth and a large root system. The soilless culture substrate formula must be a mixed substrate dominated by organic substrates, and the substrates used in this research project are grass peat, organic fertilizer and plant straw 1 3 each, plus 5% river sand and 5% vermiculite. The cultivation form is a trough type, first dig a planting ditch with a depth of 60cm and a width of 100cm, and pave stones at the bottom of 10cm as underground drainage, communicate with one end of the groove, and connect with the waist ditch.

The upper 50cm is the substrate layer, with peat, organic fertilizer and river sand mixed below, and plant straw and vermiculite are spread on it, and grape seedlings are planted after watering the substrate and washing.

2. Management technology.

The fertilization method is mainly solid inorganic fertilizer. According to the needs of grape growth and development, urea was applied 3 times in the first year of planting (2 times less than soil cultivation), 50 grams of plants each time; Top dressing ternary compound fertilizer 2 times, 100 grams each time, 9 kg of urea per mu and 12 kg of ternary compound fertilizer are applied throughout the year, which are 1 5 and 1 4 of top dressing per mu of soil cultivation, of which the supplement of trace elements adopts the method of foliar spraying, combined with spraying 2 3 times a year.

Due to the vigorous growth of substrate cultivation grapes, the large root system, and the ability to resist pests and diseases is greatly improved, the application of pesticides was 3 4 times in the first year of planting, and the result was that the pesticides were reduced by 5 times in the whole growing season of that year.

The trellis used in grape soilless cultivation is that trellises are superior to hedges. Because the trellis is small, the grapes grow vigorously, and the fruit is not as good as the trellis. According to the test results, the use of flat scaffolding is not only easy to increase yield in the early stage, but also easy to improve the quality.

3. Yield and quality.

Due to the vigor of grape soilless substrate cultivation (its growth is 2 3 times that of soil cultivation) and the rapid formation of the canopy, the yield is high in the second year of planting (but the yield must be controlled). In the case of equal yields with soil cultivation, the glucose degree is 1 2 degrees higher than that of soil cultivation (soluble solids). For example, Odea seedless, soil cultivation is generally at 15 to 16 degrees, soilless cultivation reaches 18 to 19 degrees, and Jufeng also reaches 18 19 degrees.

In order to ensure the quality of grapes, the yield of grape soilless substrate cultivation should be strictly controlled. The young trees planted in 2004 were retained in 2005 according to the varieties - the early-maturing varieties (Auguste, Odia-seedless) were 750 kg mu, and the medium-ripening varieties Jufeng and Rizamat were 1000 kg mu.

Teach you how to repot the grapes.

Grape soilless cultivation is mainly substrate cultivation, which can be planted through reasonable nutrient preparation, annual local replacement method with water and fertilizer integration.

I am a teacher of Tanzhou Agricultural College, you can ask me any questions about grapes, and I will help you answer them.

<>1.Planting site selection

In the process of planting pollution-free grapes, the selection of planting sites is very strict. The grape planting site should be far away from the main traffic artery, the distance should not be less than 100m, and ensure that there is no pollution around the site; At the same time, it is necessary to ensure that there is no pollution in the upstream of the water source, and the soil in the site is required to have high soil fertility, good air permeability, deep soil layer, groundwater level less than 1m, convenient transportation, and convenient irrigation and drainage.

2.Breed selection

The quality of grape variety selection is directly related to the yield and quality of grapes, in the selection of grape varieties, in addition to considering large particles, high fullness, good quality and good appearance, but also to choose varieties with good market prospects and high economic value, such as summer black, ruby, sapphire, sunshine rose and other varieties. At the same time, it is also necessary to consider the size of the vineyard to be planted, if the vineyard area is small, only a single grape variety is selected for planting; If the vineyard area is large, you can appropriately increase the variety of grapes, with 3 or 4 grape varieties as appropriate. Some large vineyards, in addition to daily grape planting and production, are also open for tourism, so among the selected grape varieties, there must be some early-maturing varieties and some late-maturing varieties to extend the tourist period.

3.Colonization management

In general, the planting of grapes should take place in the spring. Before planting, various preparations should be made. For example, analyzing the type of seedlings, checking whether the grafting joint is healing, selecting grape seedlings with full buds, soaking them in water first, and then mixing them with rooting powder water and then soaking them for H can promote the survival of seedlings.

The rational determination of the cultivation density of pollution-free grapes is mainly based on the analysis of the structure and soil fertility. The planting distance between Congzhidan seedlings should be scientifically planned, and 50 cm should be used. When backfilling and planting, the planting hole should be determined, and fertilizer should be infiltrated and evenly applied in the hole to ensure that the direction of branch spread is uniform.

In the process of covering the soil, the height of the grafting interface should be controlled, which is slightly higher than the ground.

4.Water and fertilizer management

The basal fertilizer is recommended to be applied in the autumn, which can be started around the beginning of the fruit harvest and is guaranteed to be completed in early October. The base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, and the amount of fertilizer should reach 60% 70% of the total amount of fertilizer applied throughout the year, mainly applying nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer, timely supplementation of zinc, boron and other elements, and taking the method of ditching and deep application. For organic fertilizer, use decomposed cake fertilizer, chicken manure, crop straw and litter as much as possible to ensure that the soil organic matter content is reached.

When cultivating and selling pollution-free grapes, it is necessary to master certain science and technology. The first step should be to focus on the cultivation of grape varieties. In this way, it is possible to prevent pests and diseases in the matching. Grow excellent varieties. Repentance.

First of all, we should choose high-quality varieties, we should keep the light sufficient, and timely spray some pesticides with sheds, regularly remove insect pests, do a good job of drainage and ventilation, maintain the permeability and fertility of the soil, ensure that the temperature is appropriate, and the temperature should be controlled at about 20.

We should choose very high-quality varieties, learn the planting technology of the spring industry, and then water and fertilize in time, strengthen water and fertilizer management and field management, ensure sufficient light, spray some pesticides regularly, remove insect pests in time, do a good job in water distribution and ventilation in the middle of the drain, and prune branches and leaves regularly to avoid rotting and rotting.

From a personal point of view, grapes should be selected with excellent disease resistance, and attention should be paid to daily management in management".

First, the whole ground is planted, and the frame is set up in time. Whether it is field planting or courtyard cultivation, it is necessary to prepare the land first, apply enough water and fertilizer, and select seeds for sowing. It is necessary to spray the new high-fat film to enhance the fertilizer effect, maintain moisture, promote germination, and promote seedlings.

To set up a scaffolding, the principle is not only to facilitate the operation under the scaffolding, but also to improve the coverage of the scaffolding. The erection should be completed before the emergence of seedlings or before transplanting.

Second, seedling management, strong flowers and promote fruits. The first is to help the seedlings on the shelves and promote the rapid growth of the seedlings. Apply seedling fertilizer and flower and fruit fertilizer in a timely manner, and spray a new high-fat film to increase the fertilizer effect.

When grapes grow into the bud stage, young fruit stage and fruit expansion stage, it is necessary to spray Zhuangguo Tiling in a timely manner to promote the thickening of the stalk, enhance the pollination ability, strengthen the smooth nutrient transportation, and accelerate the development and expansion of the fruit.

3. Reasonable pruning and balanced growth. As a perennial vine plant, the growth of branches and vines is disorderly, so it is necessary to guide the vines according to the situation, introduce the vines in a balanced manner, moderate pruning, enhance the ability of ventilation and light transmission, and apply callus antiseptic film in time when pruning, so as to promote rapid healing of wounds and prevent the infection of rot bacteria. In the flower bud differentiation period, it is necessary to apply the ring brush to promote Kao No. 2, which can control the wild growth of shoots, promote the differentiation of flower buds, and eliminate the size of the year.

Fourth, the prevention and control of pests and diseases, safe wintering. The main diseases of grapes are anthracnose, white rot, ear blight, downy mildew, brown spot and black pox, etc., and the main insect pests are two-star leafhoppers, red spiders, etc., in addition to spraying drugs according to plant protection requirements, new high-fat film should be applied to enhance the efficacy. It is necessary to prune and remove the diseased fruits, diseased branches and dead leaves infected with various diseases, and the wounds of the knife should be coated with a callus antiseptic film, which not only promotes wound healing, but also prevents the infection of rotten bacteria.

Before wintering, the plant should be coated with tree protectors, and a new high-fat film should be sprayed on the surface, which can effectively keep heat and moisture, prevent disease and insect invasion, prevent cold, and prevent skin damage.

Red grapes, giant peaks. They are all very good varieties, and the most important thing is not to choose which kind of grapes, but the most important thing is management, and if you manage them well, you can produce good grapes.

The fruit and yield of Rosa Blanc are not outstanding, but I personally think that it is a good variety and suitable for the more upscale market.

Before planting grapes, you need to choose a good planting site, and the planting site should be prepared in advance, and the large soil should be finely tined, preferably in sandy soil. If you want to plant it in a pot, use a large pot and put soil in the pot. In order to be more breathable, it is necessary to add some coarse sand to the soil.

If you buy strong vine seedlings, it will be easier to survive after planting. Use smaller seedlings that are thicker and have many shoots, and if they grow on the other hand, they will be inserted. And make ditches in the ground, and the width of each ditch is about 25cm.

After the ditch is opened, the selected seedlings should be planted in the ditch, so that about one-third of the grape seedlings are exposed. After planting, it should be buried with fine soil, and it should be watered after planting, and the seedlings will survive in about a month.

Once the seedlings have been planted, they need to be properly managed, and if there is grass in the field, it needs to be cleaned regularly. If you plant it in a pot, you should put it in a place with good air circulation and the soil should not be too moist.