Heavy haul railways in China

There is the Daqin RailwayShanxi South-Central Railway Corridor

1. Daqin Railway.

Daqin Railway, referred to as Daqin Line.

It is North China.

It is also the first double-track electrified heavy-haul railway and the first coal transportation channel trunk railway in China.

The Daqin Railway was surveyed and designed in 1983; Construction began in 1985; It was completed and put into operation in 1992.

The Daqin Railway starts from Hanjialing Station in the west to Liucun South Station in the east, with a total length of 653 kilometers; 37 freight stations; The train operates at a speed of 80 kilometers per hour with a maximum traction mass of 20,000 tons.

2. Railway passage in the south-central part of Shanxi.

The starting point of the line is Luliang City, Shanxi Province.

Watang Town, Xingxian County, ending at Rizhao Port in Shandong Province.

The total length of the main line is 1260 km (including the common part of the Lvlin branch line), 599 km in Shanxi Province, 255 km in Henan Province and 426 km in Shandong Province.

The development of heavy-haul railways in China:

China's railways began to develop heavy-haul transportation in the 80s of the 20th century, which started late, but developed rapidly. Since 2006, with the operation of a large number of 20,000-ton combination trains and 23-ton axle loads on the Daqin line.

General freight cars are popularized and used throughout the road, and the heavy-duty transportation of China's railways has formed two main modes:

On the heavy-duty coal transport special line Daqin line and its adjacent connecting lines, 10,000-ton unit trains and 10,000-ton and 20,000-ton combined trains will be operated;

In Beijing-Guangzhou, Beijing-Shanghai, Beijing-Harbin, Longhai and other existing major busy trunk lines, the 10,000-ton heavy-haul train is opened.

With the development of China's railways, heavy-haul transportation technology needs to be further promoted.

It is used to carry large bulk cargo on trains and freight cars or railways with a large density and volume.

In general, the single train transport volume is about 2,000 3,000 tons, while the single train transportation volume of heavy haul trains is at least 5,000 tons.

The total weight can reach 120,000 tons, the axle weight can reach 30 tons, and the traffic density can reach 10,000 tons kilometers.

The bulk cargo transported is mainly coal, ore, bulk grain, etc. Heavy-haul railways are a very efficient mode of transportation and have attracted the attention of the railway authorities.

The issues that need to be studied in heavy-haul trains are operation management, track adaptability, and bulk cargo loading and unloading.

What China now has may be that the Daqin line is a dedicated heavy-haul railway.

Heavy-haul railway refers to the total weight of the moving train and the large axle load.

Freight cars or railways with a large density and volume of vehicles, mainly used to transport bulk raw material goods, first appeared in the United States in the 20s of the 20th century. At that time, coal mines and railroads in the eastern United States cooperated to form unit trains with a total weight of about 10,000 tons, and the entire train of coal was sent directly to power plants or ports, without any marshalling operations on the way, which was highly efficient.

In the 60s and 70s of the 20th century, with the increase in railway traffic in countries producing bulk raw materials, heavy-haul railways received attention from all countries. Wagons with a maximum load capacity of 100 tonnes can have an axle load of up to 30 tonnes in the United States and Canada, and 30 tonnes in Australia. For example, there are about 10,000 kilometers of railways in Northeast China, which have a total annual weight of nearly 100 million tons of kilometers, and Australia's East Coast Railway, which has a total annual weight of more than 60 million tons of kilometers.

Heavy haul railways for developing countries.

economic development is particularly strategic and irreplaceably a real economic artery.

Since the first International Heavy Haul Congress was held in Perth, Australia in 1978 and the International Heavy Haul Transport Association was formally established in 1985, the definition of heavy haul railway has evolved with the times and with the times.

In 2005, the Council of the International Heavy Haul Association proposed a new standard for heavy haul railways, requiring at least two of the following three conditions:

The traction mass of the train is not less than 8000t;

The axle load of the vehicle in the train reaches or exceeds 27t;

For sections with a length of not less than 150 km, the annual billable freight volume shall not be less than 40 million tons.

According to reports, although China's freight is the world's first in terms of total volume, and the turnover is also the world's first, these two firsts prove that China has reached the international advanced level, and some of them are the world's leading level, but there is still a gap in the heavy-haul railway, such as the gap in the traction volume per unit mileage, and the future should increase efforts in this regard.

According to the report, the relevant person in charge of the railway said that at present, China's heavy-haul railway line includes the opening of the central and southern passage of Shanxi, the Menghua Railway under construction, and the above-mentioned Daqin Railway, the heavy-haul railway is gradually formed, from the traction of 5,000 pairs, 6,000 pairs, or even 7,000 pairs, 8,000 pairs, to the traction of 20,000 pairs, or even 30,000 pairs, China has these technical reserves, but the premise must be on the basis of demand, on the basis of good economic benefits, fully demonstrated before pushing.

The person in charge also said that in the future, the specific railway lines that will increase efforts in heavy-haul railways are the south-central passage of Shanxi and the Daqin Railway, although the freight volume of the Daqin Railway is the first in the world, but as a unit train, there may still be a gap, and there is still room for development in the number of trains running.

It is reported that in the future, the overall development of China's railways should be safer, more economical, more efficient, more environmentally friendly, greener and more sustainable, with a view to achieving the goal of building an innovative country and realizing a railway power and transportation power.

In addition to Sweden, other European countries have also begun to develop heavy-haul trains with 25-ton axle loads on railway trunk lines with mixed passenger and freight transportation and international intermodal transportation. According to a study by the European Union, European railway passenger transport is very developed, transporting 9 billion passengers and 600 billion person-kilometers every year; Freight is also busy, accounting for 30% of the world's rail freight and growing at a rate of 4 4 to 7 5 per cent per year. 30% of Europe's rail freight traffic has the potential for heavy haul transport.

In 2001, the International Union of Railways (UIC), with European railways as the main body, joined the International Heavy Haul Transport Association (IHHA) as a member of the association.

What is a heavy-haul railway? China's heavy-haul railways developed late, but the technology is not lagging behind at all.

Train tracks need frequent maintenance and overhaul to ensure safe, stable and regulated speed. Compared with the general track, the axle load of the track under the condition of heavy-duty transportation has increased from more than 10 tons to 25t from abroad, so that the maximum reaches 35t; The total traction weight of the train has increased from more than 1,000 tons to tens of thousands of tons. Therefore, the damage of track components and the accumulation of residual deformation of the track bed are aggravated, which seriously affects the driving safety.

Heavy-haul railways need to carefully consider the impact of natural disasters on subgrade stability. Another requirement of heavy load for subgrade strength and stability is to ensure that the foundation bed has sufficient strength to meet the needs of heavy-duty long-distance trains. Compared to the general condition line, the subgrade bed of the heavy-cut railway is subjected to greater loads.

The effect of the train on the foundation bed under the condition of re-cutting has a more complex dynamic effect.

Heavy-haul railway trains must use high-power electric or diesel locomotives, and pursue the best adhesion characteristics between wheels and rails to improve the traction capacity of the locomotive. The use of radial bogies in high-power AC drive diesel locomotives and electric locomotives has become the development trend of international heavy-duty locomotives. The Heavy-Duty Locomotive Wireless Remote Control System (Locotrol) can effectively reduce costs.

For heavy-haul trains, it is urgent to increase the axle load and reduce the dead weight, and new braking technology is also crucial to train operation. The procurement of road maintenance machinery must also keep up with the pace.