What are the symptoms of motor neurons? What are the symptoms of motor neurons?

The early stage of motor neuron disease is characterized by gradual muscle atrophy and weakness in one part of the patient's body, and many diseases have similar clinical manifestations in the early stage, and the age of onset of this disease is between 40 and 60 years old, which is also the stage of high incidence of cervical spondylosis. Many patients with cervical spondylosis can also have unilateral limb muscle atrophy and weakness in the early stage, so many patients mistakenly believe that it is cervical spondylosis, delaying the diagnosis. There is no difficulty in an advanced ALS person, and the diagnosis can be made by simply taking clinical data, but the difficulty in the examination of motor neuron disease is when it is atypical in the early stage, and it may be difficult to determine that it is an area of disease if there is no experience.

Clinical manifestations of motor neuron disease:

1. Unilateral or bilateral hand muscle weakness with obvious tremor, and atrophy of thenar muscles.

2. Atrophy of upper limb muscles and scapular muscles, difficulty in lifting hands, weakness in combing hair, spasmodic paralysis of lower limbs, slow walking, and scissor-shaped gait. 3. Hoarseness, atrophy of tongue muscles, slurred speech, difficulty swallowing, saliva outflow, choking on eating or drinking, difficulty breathing, and difficulty coughing up sputum.

In addition, motor neuron disease should be distinguished from polyneuritis, poliomyelitis, periodic paralysis, syringomyelia, polymyositis, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, etc.

It usually begins with small muscle weakness and gradual muscle atrophy in the hand, which can affect one or both sides, or start on one side and then spread to the other side. The palms of the hands are flat due to the atrophy of the thenar muscles, and the claw-like hands are due to the atrophy of the interosseous muscles. Muscle atrophy expands upwards and gradually encroaches on the forearm, upper arm, and shoulder girdle.

Fasciculations are common, may be confined to certain muscle groups or are widespread, and are easily induced by hand patting. Rarely, muscle atrophy begins in the tibialis anterior and peroneal muscles of the lower extremities or from the extensor muscles of the neck, and in some cases, from the proximal muscles of the upper and lower extremities.

Patients with motor neuron disease mainly present with muscle atrophy, muscle weakness, fasciculations, increased muscle tone, hyperreflexia, paresthesias, and urinary and urinary disorders, which are mainly manifestations of lower motor neuron involvement. If the upper motor neuron is affected, then the patient will mainly manifest as increased muscle tone, tendon hyperreflexia, once the clinical symptoms appear, the patient should accept ** as soon as possible, otherwise it is easy to involve the respiratory muscles. In the later stage of the disease, it is easy to cause patients to have dyspnea, respiratory failure, and even incontinence.

It will seriously affect the patient's life, and it will also affect the patient's lifespan.

Motor neuron disease begins with symptoms in the hands, followed by progressive muscle atrophy in the distal limbs, and more than half of the patients have muscle atrophy in the early hand-sized thenar, and then extends to the forearm muscles, pectoralis major muscles, back muscles, etc. Causes hypertonia, difficulty moving, breathing and swallowing disorders, and fasciculations. The following are typical symptoms of motor neurons.

1. The first symptom of motor neuron is on the hand, and the patient will feel stiff and clumsy fingers, weak movements, gradual atrophy of hand muscles and fasciculations.

2. It can also lead to tongue muscle atrophy with tremor, resulting in slurred speech, difficulty swallowing and chewing weakness, and later will lead to systemic muscle atrophy, bedridden, respiratory insufficiency, belonging to the type of lower motor neurons.

3. Motor neurons can cause limb weakness, muscle tension and difficulty walking, this phenomenon belongs to the type of upper motor neurons, most patients develop the disease after adulthood, and the progress is usually slow.

4. Motor neurons include a mixed type of upper and lower motor neurons, which manifests as symptoms such as myasthenia gravis and atrophy of the hand. In the later stages of the disease, muscle wasting and atrophy throughout the body, inability to raise the head, difficulty breathing, and bedridden.

Let's put it in layman's terms.

Atrophy and weakness of the limbs, difficulty in limb movement.

The muscles of the limbs beat.

Difficulty swallowing and chewing, choking on water.

There is a certain feeling of pressure on the head.

Chills, sweating.

Difficulty speaking. Some of the above symptoms are the main ones, and some patients have some other symptoms, but these are basically common symptoms.

The early symptoms of MND are not obvious, so many patients in the early stages are difficult to detect. The general course of the disease progresses slowly, but some types may progress more rapidly. Depending on the site of injury, the clinical manifestations are a different combination of muscle weakness, amyotrophy, and dysphagia.

What are the typical symptoms of MND?

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

The first symptoms are clumsiness and weakness of one or both fingers, finger stiffness, followed by atrophy of the small muscles of the hand;

As the disease progresses, muscle atrophy extends to the forearms and lower extremities, and finally to the face and throat, with significant fasciculations in the affected area;

In the advanced stage of the disease, weakness of tongue protrusion, difficulty swallowing, weakness in chewing, and slurred speech may occur;

In a few cases, muscle weakness and muscle atrophy may begin in the lower extremities;

Generally, there are no objective sensory disorders, but there are often subjective sensory disorders, such as numbness.

Progressive amyotrophy.

The first symptom is atrophy, stiffness and weakness of the small muscles of the single hand or hands;

Gradually affects the forearm, upper arm, and shoulder girdle;

The atrophy of the affected muscles is obvious, the muscle tone is reduced, and fasciculations, tendon reflexes, and pathological reflexes are seen.

Sensory system and sphincter dysfunction are generally absent.

Progressive bulbar palsy.

slurred pronunciation, hoarseness, dysphagia, choking on water, weakness in chewing, and loss of gag reflex;

Sensory system and sphincter dysfunction are generally absent.

Primary lateral sclerosis.

The first symptoms are symmetrical stiffness and fatigue in both lower extremities, and walking with a scissor gait.

Progresses slowly and gradually affects the upper extremities.

Muscle tone in the extremities is increased, and muscle atrophy and fasciculations are generally absent.

The sensory system and sphincter are not affected.

A ...The following neurological signs and symptoms must be present.

1.Features of lower motor neuron lesions (including current normal clinical presentation, abnormal electromyography).

2.Features of upper motor neuron lesions.

3.The disease progresses gradually.

Two. Diagnostic criteria for ALS.

1 .Affirmation ALS: Signs and symptoms of upper and lower motor neuron lesions in three of the four muscle groups of the body (brain, cervical, thoracic, lumbosacral innervation).

2 .Probable ALS: Symptoms and signs of upper and lower motor neuron lesions in both regions, with upper motor neuron lesions and development of the upper end.

3.Symptoms and signs of upper and lower motor neuron lesions in one area, or upper motor neuron lesions in two or --- three regions.

Three. The following evidence supports the diagnosis of ALS.

fasciculations in one or more places; EMG suggests anterior horn cell lesions; MCV and SCV are normal, but the distal latency can be prolonged and the amplitude is low; No CB (conduction block).

Four. Symptoms and Signs of ALS Discomfort:

Sensory Sphincter Visual and ophthalmic muscles Autonomic nerves Extrapyramidal system Alzheimer disease, symptoms and signs of ALS-like syndrome that can be explained by other disorders.

Five. The following tests are helpful.

MRI muscle biopsy of the brain and spinal cord of EMG ENG SCMEMG.

In the case of motor neuron disease, it usually manifests as weakness, tightness, inactivity, and slowness of the limbs. If you have any of the above discomforts, it is recommended to go to the hospital for examination in time, and you are going to recuperate according to the cause of the problem. Try not to stay up late, try not to smoke and drink, strengthen nutrition in your diet, eat more fresh fruits and vegetables, and exercise more often.

If the discomfort symptoms are more obvious, it should be actively carried out to achieve good results.

Disease analysis: MND cannot be cured at present, but it can improve adverse symptoms and improve quality of life through **. People develop progressive atrophy of the muscles in their limbs and respiratory failure.

Once the presence of this disease is confirmed, patients are advised to use riluzole tablets under the guidance of a doctor**. When the patient has difficulty breathing, they may also choose to use oxygen or a dual positive pressure ventilator to help them breathe to avoid further respiratory failure. If the patient is depressed and depressed due to the illness, he or she will need to undergo psychological **.

Mixed form of upper and lower motor neuron disease. Usually the first symptom is hand muscle weakness and atrophy, which generally starts from one side and then spreads to the opposite side, and with the development of the disease, there are mixed symptoms of upper and lower motor neuron damage, which is called amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In the late stage of the disease, the muscles of the whole body are emaciated and atrophied, so that they cannot raise their heads, have difficulty breathing, and are bedridden.

The disease usually occurs between the ages of 40 and 60, and about 5 to 10% have a family history, and the course of the disease varies in speed and progression.

Motor neuron disease is characterized by a different combination of muscle weakness, muscle atrophy, and pyramidal tract signs depending on the site of injury. Sometimes in the early stages of the disease, it is more difficult to determine which type it belongs to. First, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type, which is the most common, is manifested as muscle weakness and muscle atrophy, accompanied by tendon hyperreflexia and positive pathological signs.

Bulbar palsy generally occurs in the late stages of the disease, when the tongue muscles are first affected, manifesting as tongue muscle atrophy, muscle tremors, and tongue protrusion weakness. Second, progressive amyotrophy, which is characterized by symptoms and signs of lower motor neuron damage, with muscle weakness, muscle atrophy, decreased tendon reflexes, and negative pathological signs. Third, progressive bulbar palsy, which is less common, is mainly manifested as progressive slurred articulation, hoarseness, dysphagia, choking on water, weak chewing, obvious atrophy of tongue muscles with fasciculation, and loss of gag reflex.

Fourth, primary lateral sclerosis, which is clinically rare, progresses slowly, spasmodic increase in muscle tone of the limbs, positive pathological signs, and generally no muscle atrophy and fasciculations.

Motor neuron disease belongs to the category of fistula in traditional Chinese medicine, which mainly refers to chronic degenerative diseases that selectively damage the anterior horn of the spinal cord, the motor nerve nucleus and pyramidal tract of the pontine brain, and the main manifestation is paralysis caused by clinical damage to upper or lower motor neurons, among which the upper and lower motor neuron combined with damage is the most common, mainly manifested as muscle atrophy and weakness in the affected area.

The onset is slow, the course can be subacute, and symptoms depend on the site of the lesion. Because motor neuron disease selects the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord, the motor nucleus of the cranial nerves of the brainstem, and the pyramidal cells and pyramidal tracts of the cerebral motor cortex, if the lesion is dominated by lower motor neurons, it is called progressive spinal muscular atrophy; If the lesion is predominantly superior motor neurons, it is called primary lateral sclerosis; If upper and lower motor neuron damage is present at the same time, it is called amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; If the lesion is predominantly bulbar motor nerve nucleus degeneration, it is called progressive bulbar palsy.

The main clinical symptoms of motor neuron patients are subacute, the clinical manifestations of motor neuron injury are slow to onset, and the symptoms are determined according to the damaged site. The main manifestation of motor neuron injury, the hand, is the earliest symptom, the feeling of finger stiffness, clumsiness, weakness of movement, the gradual atrophy of the hand muscles, and finally fasciculations. The distal end of the limbs is progressive muscle atrophy, and most patients have atrophy of the thenar muscle of one upper limb in the early stage, and then slowly extend to the forearm muscles, and even the pectoralis major muscles, back muscles, and calf muscles can be atrophied, fasciculations, muscle atrophy, limb weakness, difficulty in moving, breathing, swallowing disorders, and high muscle tone.

If spastic paraplegia of both lower extremities is present, the early lesion is in the bilateral pyramidal tracts.