Problems in the history of modern and modern architecture in foreign countries, seek advice!

It is also known as the "heavy technology school". Since the late 50s of the 20th century, attention has been paid to the design trend of "high industrial technology" in architectural modeling and style. The high-tech school theoretically vigorously advocates the aesthetics of machines and the beauty of new technologies, which are mainly manifested in three aspects:

1. Advocate the use of the latest materials - high-strength steel, duralumin, plastics and various chemicals to manufacture buildings with light weight, less materials, and rapid and flexible assembly; Emphasis on systematic planning and parametric planning; It advocates the use and performance of prefabricated and assembled standard components. 2. It is believed that the function is changeable and the structure remains unchanged. The rationality of the performance technology and the flexibility of the space can not only adapt to the needs of multi-function, but also achieve the aesthetic effect of the machine.

The Pompidou Center for Arts and Culture in Paris is the first representative of this type of architecture; 3. Emphasize that the aesthetics of the new era should consider the determinants of technology, and strive to make a high degree of industrial technology close to the way of life and traditional aesthetics that people are accustomed to, so that people can easily accept and produce pleasure.

The contents of Chapter 5, Section 6 of the History of Modern and Contemporary Architecture of Foreign Countries ——— the tendency to focus on a high degree of industrial technology

The tendency to focus on "high industrial technology" refers to those who not only insist on the use of new technologies in architecture, but also strongly advocate the expression of new technologies aesthetically. Broadly speaking, it includes all aspects of the design approach of post-war "modern architecture", especially the tendency to emphasize beauty represented by Mies van der Rohe and the "brutalism" tendency represented by Le Corbusier; More precisely, it refers to the tendency that came to life in the late fifties to focus attention on the innovative use and expression of prefabricated prefabricated standardized components. The tendency to focus on "advanced industrial technology" advocates the use of the latest materials, such as high-strength steel, duralumin, plastics, and various chemicals, to create structures and houses that are lightweight, use less materials, and can be assembled, dismantled, and rebuilt quickly and flexibly.

Summarize it yourself.

Personal opinion. In the introduction of the background of the emergence of the high-tech school. It's a tough question.

New Construction Movement:Arts and Crafts Movement

Representative figures and important works:

Schenkel: Raise the question of the epoch of architecture. The representative work is the Royal Museum of Fine Arts, Berlin.

Samper: It is proposed that the architectural form should be combined with the means of construction. His main works are "Theory of Industrial Art" and "Style in Technology and Structural Art".

Labruster : The bold use of new materials and new structures, the shape began to be purified. His representative works are the Bibliothèque Saint-Geneviève in Paris and the Bibliothèque Nationale de France.

This period was used in some large cities in Western Europe such as London, Brussels, and Amsterdam.

Paris, Vienna.

Berlin, Milan, Barcelona.

Among the architects, individuals or groups of people who have made new explorations in theory and practice have emerged. Their efforts and influences transcend cities and borders, inspiring and reinforcing each other, forming a resonant wave of innovation in Western Europe in the early years of the 20th century.

The new architects launched one after another attacks on the original traditional architectural concepts, laying a broad foundation for the later stage of architectural reform. This period is a period of metamorphosis from 19th-century architecture to 20th-century architecture. The ideas and achievements of these architects had a positive effect on later buildings that reflected the characteristics of the 20th century and distinguished them from all other buildings in history.

This period was later known as the "New Architecture Movement".

The above information refers to the encyclopedia - New Architecture Movement.

1 Greece 2 arch vouchers concrete.

3 Clay bricks.

4 honeysuckle grass.

5 pyramid temples.

6 sail arch height.

7 France. I haven't read a book for a long time, and these should be able to read books by yourself, and they are all very simple.

The History of Modern and Contemporary Architecture in Foreign Countries (2nd Edition) is a textbook for the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" of civil engineering disciplines of general higher education. This textbook comprehensively revised and re-written the first edition of "History of Modern and Contemporary Architecture in Foreign Countries" in 1982, greatly supplemented and added new content, and reflected as much as possible the development of architectural culture in foreign countries over the past two hundred years since the industrial revolution in the mid-18th century, so as to meet the teaching needs of the new summer.

However, in modern times, architecture has begun to undergo revolutionary changes, and architecture has changed from a single mode to a pluralistic change, that is, from the ritual of worship to the display. Display, this concept, is very important for modern people, because for modern people, God is far away from us, and people are no longer religious. As a result, the liturgical role of temples and temples has also declined.

Human beings have also gone from the age of gods and heroes to the age of man, and in the sense of architecture, it is the era of "human settlement" in the true sense. In the era of "human settlement", what is emphasized and highlighted is people's personality and people's various postures, so architecture has become a kind of display. Modern architecture, internationalist architecture, postmodern architecture, as well as "high-tech style" architecture, deconstructivist architecture, neo-modernist architecture and other emerging architectural trends and genres are a kind of display.