With regard to the hydrolysis reaction of organic matter, what is the hydrolysis reaction of organic

Hydrolysis reaction. The hydrolysis reaction is again an addition reaction.

Water reacts with another compound, which is broken down into two parts, to which hydrogen atoms are added and hydroxyl groups are added to the other, thus giving the reaction process of two or more new compounds. The most industrially used is the hydrolysis of organic matter, mainly to produce alcohols and phenols. The hydrolysis reaction is the reverse reaction of the neutralization or esterification reaction.

The hydrolysis of most organic compounds is difficult to carry out smoothly with water alone. Depending on the nature of the hydrolysate, the hydrolysate can be sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, dilute acid or concentrated acid, and sometimes potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium bisulfite, etc. This is called alkaline hydrolysis and acid hydrolysis.

Hydrolysis can be carried out in batch or continuous mode, with the former usually taking place in a kettle reactor and the latter mostly using a tower reactor. There are four types of typical hydrolysis.

Hydrolysis of halides is usually used as a hydrolytic agent with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, and the general reaction formula is as follows:

r—x+naoh-—→r—oh+nax-

In the formula ar—x+2naoh— ar—ona+nax+h2o, r, ar, and x represent alkyl, aryl, and halogen, respectively. The halogens on the lipid chain are generally more reactive and can be hydrolyzed under milder conditions, such as benzyl alcohol from benzyl chloride; Hydrolysis is easier when halogens on aromatic rings are activated by ortho or para-nitro groups, such as sodium p-nitrophenol from p-nitrochlorobenzene.

The hydrolysis of aromatic sulfonate is usually not easy to carry out, and must be first melted by alkali, that is, the molten sodium hydroxide reacts with sodium aromatic sulfonate at high temperature to form sodium phenol, which can be hydrolyzed by adding acid to form phenol. For example, sodium naphthalene 2 sulfonate is hydrolyzed at 300 340 atmospheric pressure alkali to obtain 2 naphthol. Some aromatic sulfonates also require a mixed alkali of sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide as a reaction agent for alkali melting.

When the aromatic sulfonate is more active, alkali melting can be carried out with sodium hydroxide aqueous solution at a lower temperature.

Hydrolysis of amines Fatty amines and aromatic amines are generally not easily hydrolyzed. Primary aryl amines are usually diazotized in dilute sulfuric acid to form diazo salts, and then heated to hydrolyze the diazonium salts. The general formula of the reaction is as follows:

ar—nh2+nano2+2h2so4

ar—n+2hso-4+nahso4+2h2o

ar—n+2hso4+h2o—→aroh+h2so4+n2

For example, o-hydroxyanisole (guaiacol is made from o-aminoanisole ether). The amino groups on the aromatic ring are directly hydrolyzed, mainly for the preparation of 1-naphthol derivatives, because they are sometimes not easily prepared by other synthetic routes. According to the structure of primary aryl amines, it can be hydrolyzed with alkali, acid or sodium bisulfite aqueous solution.

For example, the preparation of 1-naphthalin-5-sulfonic acid from 1-naphthylamine-5-sulfonic acid is hydrolyzed with sodium bisulfite.

Hydrolysis of esters Oils and fats can be hydrolyzed by alkali to obtain high-carbon fatty acids, sodium (soap) and glycerol; Fatty acids should be hydrolyzed by acid emulsification. The alkyl sulfate obtained by the reaction of low carbon olefins and concentrated sulfuric acid can be hydrolyzed by acid to obtain low carbon alcohol.

starch hydrolysis; C6H22O11 (maltose) + H2O C6H12O6 reference.

Take the water apart.

Split the lipid group.

The part with carbonyl group + hydroxyl group.

Aerobic fraction + hydrogen.

What is added is to replace the original thing.

yes, yes. Hydrolysis of lipids is also substituted.

1。Halogenated hydrocarbons plus sodium hydroxide solution substitution.

2。Hydrolysis of esters.

All belong to the hydrolysis reaction, how to conflict.

No conflict. The meaning of hydrolysis can be understood as splitting water into one H+ and one Oh-, which are combined with reactants, respectively. is a substitution reaction. The hydrolysis reaction of organic matter is one of the types of substitution reactions.

The hydrolysis reaction of organic matter is the reverse reaction of neutralization or esterification reaction.

The hydrolysis of most organic compounds is difficult to carry out smoothly with water alone. Depending on the nature of the hydrolysate, the hydrolysate can be sodium hydroxide.

Aqueous solution, dilute or concentrated acid, and sometimes potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium bisulfite, etc. This is called alkaline hydrolysis and acid hydrolysis.

Types of organic hydrolysis reactions.

The molecules of organic matter are generally relatively large, and acids or bases are required as catalysts for hydrolysis, and sometimes bioactive enzymes are used as catalytic agents.

In an acidic aqueous solution, the fat is hydrolyzed into glycerol.

and lipid buried fatty acids; Starch is hydrolyzed into maltose, glucose.

Wait; Proteins are hydrolyzed into amino acids.

and other substances with relatively small molecular weights.

In an alkaline aqueous solution, fats are broken down into glycerol and solid fatty acid salts, known as soaps, so this hydrolysis is also called saponification.

Hydrolysis of organic matter reaction conditions: alkaline or weakly acidic. The concept of organic chemistry in the hydrolysis reaction is that water reacts with another compound, which is decomposed into two parts, and the slippery h+ in the water is added to one part, and the hydroxyl group (-OH) is added to the other part, so that two or more new Youheng compounds are obtained.

Inorganic chemistry is the reaction of weak acid or weak base ions with water to form weak acids and hydroxide ions (oh-), or weak bases and hydrogen ions (H+). The most industrially used is the hydrolysis of organic matter, mainly to produce alcohols and phenols. The hydrolysis reaction is the reverse reaction of the neutralization or esterification reaction.

The hydrolysis of most organic compounds is difficult to carry out smoothly with water alone, generally under alkaline or acidic conditions.

In organic chemistry, substances that are capable of hydrolysis reactions usually have the following structures:

Esters: Esters are a class of organic compounds containing carbonyl and alcohol groups, which can undergo ester hydrolysis reactions to produce corresponding alcohols and carboxylic acids. Ester hydrolysis is an acid-catalyzed reaction that can be facilitated using acidic conditions.

Alcohols: Alcohols are a class of organic compounds containing hydroxyl groups, which can undergo alcohol-indiscriminate hydrolysis reactions to produce corresponding aldehydes and hydroxyl groups. Alcohol hydrolysis is a base-catalyzed reaction that can be facilitated using alkaline conditions.

Acyl halides: Acyl halides are a class of organic compounds containing carbonyl groups and halogen atoms, which are capable of hydrolysis of acyl halides to produce corresponding carboxylic acids and hydrogen halides. Acyl brine hydrolysis is a base-catalyzed reaction that can be facilitated using alkaline conditions.

Amides: Amides are a class of organic compounds containing carbonyl and amino groups, which are capable of hydrolysis of amides to produce corresponding acids and ammonia. Amide hydrolysis is an acid-catalyzed reaction that can be facilitated using acidic conditions.

Alkyl halides: Alkyl halides are a class of organic compounds containing alkyl groups and halogen atoms, which are capable of hydrolysis of alkyl halides to produce the corresponding alkyl alcohols and hydrogen halides. Alkyl denier trapped halide hydrolysis is a base-catalyzed reaction that can be facilitated using alkaline conditions.

Hydrolysis refers to the reaction in which ions ionized by salt combine H+ and OH- ionized by water to form weak electrolyte molecules.

Salts containing weak acid groups or weak base ions undergo hydrolysis reactions.

For example, salts with acetate, phosphate, hypochlorite, ammonium, copper ions, iron ions, aluminum ions and other salts will be hydrolyzed.

Theoretically. The conditions before hydrolysis of tung are:

There is water. The -oh and -h formed by water disconnection can bind to the reactants.

The product does not react under these conditions to form another substance, or reacts back.

The method of judging whether the reaction can be returned or continued is to compare the degree of stability of various reaction products.

Theoretically, the degree of stability is gas or water or acidic (alkaline) local permeability, stable precipitation, acid (alkaline) unstable precipitation, weak acid.

alkali) > strong acid (base) > common ions.

Those who meet these requirements can generally be hydrolyzed.

Usually the hydrolytic bonds of organic matter and include four types:

1. Hydrolysis of hydrocarbons in halogenated stoves, the condition is that the aqueous solution of alkali is heated, and the products are cryptonic alcohol and hydrogen halide;

2 Hydrolysis of esters under the condition of acid or base and the products are alcohols and acids.

3 Contains peptide bonds.

The products are carboxylic acids and amines.

4 Sugars are hydrolyzed to obtain the corresponding monosaccharides.

The explanation is not detailed, I hope you understand.