The cause of the pentecostal method is the result 10

Causes: (1) Qing**.

Faced with internal and external troubles, the crisis of governance has intensified, and it is urgent to implement reforms to maintain the rule.

2) The Westernization Movement has taught many lessons.

3) National capitalism emerged and developed in its infancy.

4) The national bourgeoisie was formed and gradually grew.

5) The introduction and gradual expansion of Western ideas and knowledge.

History: (1) Under the influence of the Restoration, Emperor Guangxu implemented reforms.

2) Kang Youwei set up a cottage of ten thousand trees to promote the idea of reform.

3) Liang Qichao.

Published the "General Proposal on Changing the Law".

Propaganda of the idea of changing the law.

4) Yan Fu, Tan Si and others actively participated in the reform of the law.

Results: (1) With Cixi.

The diehards led by the die-hard faction staged a coup d'état, which failed in 103 days.

2) Emperor Guangxu was imprisoned in Yingtai in the southeast sea.

3) Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao went into exile.

4) The six gentlemen of Wuxu, led by Tan Sitong, were killed.

Pentecostal Variation, also known as:100-day Restoration

Reform and reform. The Reform Movement was the late Qing Dynasty with Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao.

On behalf of the reformers through the Guangxu Emperor.

It carried out a bourgeois reform movement that advocated learning from the West, advocating science and culture, reforming the political and educational systems, and developing agriculture, industry, and commerce.

Although the Wuxu Reform led by Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao ultimately failed, it changed China from the edge of thought, due to China's modern history.

Invaded by Western powers, the Chinese people began a movement to save their lives and survive, first of all, the foreign affairs movement.

The Westernization Movement was to save the backwardness of the Qing Dynasty in terms of technology.

In fact, the Westernization Movement further laid the foundation for the development of China's national capitalism, for example, the industry of the Westernization Movement also made great contributions to modern times. Although the Westernization Movement was a self-help movement of the feudal landlords, it played an irreplaceable role in the development of modern China.

First Sino-Japanese War.

Many people of insight in modern times thought that completely learning Western technology could not change the situation in which China was standing, so the students led by Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao started the bus to write a letter and ask Emperor Guangxu.

To carry out the reform of the law, it is necessary to develop China from a feudal imperial system to a Western constitutional monarchy, further develop the capitalist economy, ideological and cultural aspects, translate Western works, and disseminate Western ideology and culture.

However, because the resistance faction led by the Empress Dowager Cixi was unwilling to lose power, the Wuxu Reform lasted for 103 days and failed vigorously, but although the Wuxu Reform was in the era, it was the Xinhai Revolution.

The ideas of the Xinhai Revolution also laid the foundation for the later New Culture Movement, which made the Chinese nation realize that only through revolution could the Qing Dynasty be overthrown and a democratic and free country established.

Only by establishing a new political power through revolution can we get out of the decadent and backward Qing Dynasty, so that the country can develop and the nation can be rejuvenated.

The Wuxu Reform was initiated by Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao and other reformers with the support of Emperor Guangxu, and it was a movement initiated by China's progressive intellectuals in the last years of the Qing Dynasty to save the country and save the country.

The Wuxu Reform Law was initiated by Kang Youwei, and although the Wuxu Reform Law was not successfully reformed, it also changed a lot of things.

The Wuxu Reform was a bourgeois political reform carried out by reformists led by Kang You through the Guangxu Emperor in 1898, and was a political reform movement during the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty in China. This political reform movement opened people's eyes to the advanced knowledge of foreign countries.

It was mainly a reform with Liang Qichao and Kang Youwei as the main leaders, and this reform ended in failure.

1.International situation: The development of capitalism has become the trend of the times.

2.National crisis: The great powers set off a frenzy to carve up China, which led to a deepening national crisis.

3.Economic foundation: After the First Sino-Japanese War, China's national capitalism developed initially.

4.Class basis: The national bourgeoisie has stepped onto the stage of history as a new political force.

5.Ideological basis: the wide dissemination of the ideas of the Restoration.

The ideological preparation for changing the law is not sufficient. The reform of the law is a social change involving the interests of different classes and strata. In order to change the law, it is necessary to awaken people from all walks of life and mobilize a huge army to change the law, but the ideological preparations for the reform of the law are not sufficient, and a powerful trend of innovation has not been formed in the whole society.

1. The purpose of their reform is to help the people who are not living well and to save the countries that are constantly being invaded. However, they lacked practical considerations, were too attached to their own theories, and optimistically estimated the situation of reform and the degree of difficulty in changing the law. They have fanatical fanaticisms about the world of the future that are too false.

2. Too much rush for quick success, pay attention to some forms, and ignore the effect of substance. The irrational behavior of them and others in the process of changing the law has lagged behind the progress of the reform, and they regard the reform as too simplistic. They believed that national independence could be achieved in three years.

3. The opposition of the older faction, although they recognize the negative impact of the traditional political authority of the Manchus in China on reality, at the same time, their own residual sense of authority and servile consciousness also question their own achievements.

4. They do not recognize the industrial and commercial industry, and they lack experience. Although they nominally wanted to carry out economic reforms, they wanted to promote the development of some domestic industries at that time, and encouraged everyone to participate, and they also emphasized rewarding invention and creativity and safeguarding the interests of business people; However, in terms of specific measures, they are very resistant to commercial practices, prohibiting ** from being carried out on Qianmen Street, and even prohibiting shops from putting up banners, otherwise they will be heavily fined, which makes their changes even more doomed to failure.

The Wuxu Reform Law is a bourgeois reform movement in modern China, and it is of progressive significance. Although it ended in failure, it also laid the ideological foundation for the Xinhai Revolution many years later.

The main reasons for the failure of the pentecostal method are as follows:

The Wuxu Reform was a revolution led by Emperor Guangxu and the reformers, and the fundamental reason for its failure was that the power of the reformers of the bourgeoisie was too weak. In the late Qing Dynasty, real power was in the hands of the diehards represented by Cixi, and when the Wuxu Reform touched the interests of the diehards, it was curbed and suppressed.

In the process of changing the law, the reformers did not have the correct theoretical guidance. Kang's "Examination of the New Apocryphal Scriptures" and "The Examination of Confucius's Reform System" are not well documented to convince the diehards, and even some enlightened people do not approve of them. In addition, in the process of changing the law, some radical propaganda of the reformers also increased social resistance to the reform.

Although the purpose of the reform is to help those people who are not living well, it lacks practical considerations and is overly optimistic in estimating the form of reform and the degree of difficulty in changing the law. At the same time, the reformers lacked strong organizational leadership and were detached from the broad masses of the people. The reformers relied on nothing more than the emperor who had no real power and a very small number of bureaucrats.

During the 103 days of the Wuxu Reform, the emperor issued a total of 286 reform edicts, an average of nearly 3 per day. This mentality of rushing for quick success and quick profit has laid the root of the reform from the beginning, and this kind of rash measure has also touched the interests of many people. In addition, in the process of changing the law, the reformers adopted a simple bottom-up peaceful and legal approach, and the means were too simple.

Background: The Qing Dynasty was suffering from internal and external troubles, ** decay, and the people were poor. In order to safeguard the interests of the bourgeoisie and save the country, some representatives of the progressive bourgeoisie set off a reform movement.

History: On June 11, 1898, Emperor Guangxu promulgated the edict of "Ming Dingguo is the Edict", announcing the change of the law. The new policy began on this day and lasted 103 days until the Empress Dowager Cixi launched a coup d'état on September 21, which is known as the "Hundred Days Restoration".

During this period, Emperor Guangxu issued a series of edicts and edicts to change the law according to the suggestions of Kang Youwei and others. The main contents are: economically, the establishment of the Bureau of Agriculture and Industry and Commerce, the General Administration of Roads and Mines, and the promotion of the establishment of industry; building railways and mining deposits; organizing chambers of commerce; Reform the finances.

Politically, the way of speech is widened, and the people are allowed to write and talk about things; The green battalion was eliminated and the new army was formed. Culturally, the eight shares are abolished and the West is revived; Founded the Jingshi University Hall; Set up a translation bureau to send international students; Reward scientific works and inventions. The purpose of these innovative decrees was to learn from Western culture, science and technology, and management systems, develop capitalism, establish a constitutional monarchy, and make the country rich and strong.

Historical status: The Wuxu Reform Law is a bourgeois reform movement and an initial attempt by the bourgeoisie to reform the social system. The reformers tried to establish a bourgeois constitutional monarchy politically.

The economic development of national capitalism is in line with the trend of historical development. It is a patriotic political movement. At a time when the national crisis was intensifying, the reformers carried out extensive propaganda and agitation with the goal of changing the law and trying to make the country strong and save the country from survival, hoping that through reform, China would move toward independence, democracy, and prosperity, so as to get rid of the aggression of the imperialist powers, show strong patriotic enthusiasm, and arouse the people's patriotic thinking and national consciousness.

The Wuxu Reform Law was also the liberation of an ideological trend in modern China.

Background: The signing of the Treaty of Shimonoseki, in 1895, Kang Youwei, who was taking the imperial examination in Beijing, together with the rest of the people, jointly wrote to Emperor Guangxu, asking for a change in the law, in 1898, the reform movement began, appointing reformers, cutting institutions, punishing redundant officials, and encouraging private new industrial and mining enterprises, this change lasted 103 days, Emperor Guangxu was imprisoned in Yingtai, and the diehards led by Cixi wantonly arrested the reformers, Tan Sitong, Liu Guangdi, Lin Rui, Yang Xu, Kang Guangren and other six gentlemen of Wuxu bravely took justice. Therefore, it is also known as the Hundred Days Restoration in history.

As a result, on September 21, 1898, the Empress Dowager Cixi and others launched a coup d'état, which lasted 103 days and failed.

Influence (1) The Wuxu Reform Law is a bourgeois reform movement and an initial attempt by the bourgeoisie to reform the social system. The reformers tried to establish a bourgeois constitutional monarchy politically. The economic development of national capitalism is in line with the trend of historical development.

2) It is a patriotic political movement. At a time when the national crisis was intensifying, the reformers carried out extensive propaganda and agitation with the goal of changing the law and trying to make the country strong and save the country from survival, hoping that through reform, China would move toward independence, democracy, and prosperity, so as to get rid of the aggression of the imperialist powers, show strong patriotic enthusiasm, and arouse the people's patriotic thinking and national consciousness.

3) The Wuxu Reform Law is also the liberation of an ideological trend in modern China. The bourgeoisie adopted the reform faction to advocate new learning, advocated the revitalization of civil rights, and fiercely attacked feudal thinking, opening the way for the vigorous rise of modern thought and ideological enlightenment, and promoting the awakening of the Chinese people.

As a result, due to the failure of the reforms, China lost a number of elites and supporters who were inclined to implement reforms within the old system; In its place, revolutionaries advocated drastic change and overthrew the original system and the first generation, which finally led to the fall of the Qing Dynasty and the end of China's 2,000-year-old imperial system.

Historical significance. The Wuxu Reform was an event of great significance in China's modern history, and it was a bourgeois reform movement and an initial attempt by the bourgeoisie to reform the social system. The reformers tried to establish a bourgeois constitutional monarchy politically. The economic development of national capitalism is in line with the trend of historical development.

It is a patriotic political movement. At a time when the national crisis was intensifying, the reformers carried out extensive propaganda and agitation with the goal of changing the law and trying to make the country strong and save the country from survival, hoping that through reform, China would move toward independence, democracy, and prosperity, so as to get rid of the aggression of the imperialist powers, show strong patriotic enthusiasm, and arouse the people's patriotic thinking and national consciousness. The Wuxu Reform Law was also the liberation of an ideological trend in modern China.

The bourgeois restorationists advocated new learning and advocated the revitalization of people's rights, fiercely attacked feudal thought, opened the way for the vigorous rise of the ideological enlightenment movement in modern thought, and promoted the awakening of the Chinese people. The legacy of the Reform Movement is many, such as emancipating the mind, changing ideas, establishing associations, establishing schools, founding newspapers and periodicals, advocating women's education, and changing customs. It has also become a valuable asset in the history of the development of Chinese civilization.

The Wuxu Reform was also an ideological enlightenment movement. The reformists advocated new learning, criticized the old learning, and focused on propagating the "rejuvenation of the people's rights," which greatly enhanced the whole society's awareness of democracy and participation in politics. Since then, democracy has become a surging trend of social thought, which has greatly changed the face of China's ideological and cultural circles.

He said that the new culture of the Chinese bourgeoisie was also initially established during the period of the Wuxu Restoration Movement and in the years that followed. New bourgeois scholarship, philosophy, history, economics, and literary theory have sprouted, and "poetry revolution", "stylistic revolution", "** world revolution", "drama reform" and so on have arisen one after another, and the new bourgeois culture, both in content and form, has begun to become the mainstream of modern Chinese culture.

Causes of the results.

Mainly due to the weakness and compromise of the bourgeois reformers, their lack of anti-imperialist and anti-feudal courage, their only adoption of reformist methods, their illusions about the feudal reactionary forces and the great powers, their distance from the masses and their fear of the masses, and thus their failure to win the support of the masses of the people. At the same time, the diehards are very strong, and the Western capitalist countries do not want China to embark on the road of independent development of capitalism. As a result, Chinese and foreign reactionary forces jointly strangled the reform movement.