Survey of Historical Figures 200, Survey of Historical Figures

Wilde, Mozart, Tchaikovsky, Van Gogh, ......

Bruno, Magellan, Hua Luogeng, Archimedes ......

Hello: It is recommended that you buy a copy of the Dictionary of Celebrity DeathsThank you!

A Dictionary of Celebrity Deaths is a good example.

Genghis Khan was an outstanding military strategist and statesman in history very violent Born in Mongolia Zhu Yuanzhang was an outstanding military strategist and statesman.

If we look at historical figures from a historical point of view, we will find that the choices of these historical figures are a kind of pursuit of our own, and they are all unavoidable choices made in the general environment at that time. Writer Yang Daxia analyzed that although it is a tragedy, there is not much to blame and criticize. The choices of these historical figures have more or less rewritten history.

That's true!

It's all.

Let me talk about a Three Kingdoms Shu Han queen Liu Chan.

It's said that it's a dou who can't be helped.

Actually, you know.

In the dominant cultural atmosphere of "the prince who is the winner, the loser is the hero", people are reluctant to accept the hero who fails, and it seems that only those who do a vigorous job are heroes. Liu Chan's performance in Luoyang after his surrender earned him the notorious reputation of "having no heart at all", and since then, even if the hat of "Adou who can't be helped" is firmly buckled on his head, even his name Liu Chan (shàn) is often mispronounced as chán, which shows the depth of the world's misunderstanding of him.

Whether it's history or reality, the more you look at it, the more you look at it, the more you see it in the fog and confused; If you turn it upside down, you can see one or two. Among the three enterprise groups of Wei, Shu and Wu, the Shu State led by Liu Chan has always been in a weak position.

Of course, there is no point in overturning the case for history.

I don't want to say anything Liu Chan is actually not a faint gentleman It's a big Mingjun who said it I don't believe it myself.

But you know . . .

Gandhi. He insisted on "non-violent non-cooperation" for the sake of India's freedom. He paid a huge price himself, and there were many people who did not understand at the time, and many people felt that he was too weak, that he was a coward, and that he did not dare to fight the British with real swords and guns.

Of course, there were still many people who supported him at the time, but he was controversial at the time, even in modern times. I think he should have succeeded. Violence does not bring peace and progress, and this is now largely a common understanding.

Socrates, a famous philosopher in ancient Greece, was sentenced to death for "ungodliness" and "instigating young people" before him. In the end, he did drink the poison. But he has been passed down through the ages as the most respected wise man in the West, and his teachings, his wisdom, have been carried forward through his students, and they still influence the world today.

Okay, I said a character, the lord of Zhao after five dynasties and ten kingdoms, when the Three Kingdoms turned the world upside down, a protracted war broke out, close to a hundred years of war, my Chinese number was greatly reduced, and finally the world returned to Jin, and then it was the Hu people who went south to take my Chinese men as cattle and sheep to plunder, and my Chinese women as livestock ** era, the history books called him five dynasties and ten countries, when the Chinese countries rose and fell, dynasties alternated, wars were endless, and the Hu people in the north were a large-scale disaster at that time, At this time, there was a "Kill Hu Order":

Zhuhu rebelled against the Central Plains for decades Now I will punish him If you can fight together, you can send troops to come and bully the Han family for decades Kill my people and take my ancestral temple Now I hereby crusade Death to those who commit my Han Dynasty Death to those who kill my Han people Kill all the people in the world Kuang restore the foundation of the Han family Slaughter hugou is the place where the righteousness of the Han people in the world Ran Min is not only ordered by the way of heaven This is a sign to inform the world.

It's a pity Ran Min! Pain Ran Min! Alas, Ran Min!

Humanity. Man is a collection of desires.

Hai Jui of the Ming Dynasty. Although the famous Hai Qingtian is too upright and a little harsh, his belief in serving the people and the common people has never changed.

Sun Yat-sen, everyone understands this.

Yuan Chonghuan can't talk about it, he is just a victim of political struggle, and he doesn't know how to be an official, and his martial arts are inferior to Sun Chengzong.

Cheng Ying, see Zhao's orphans. Neville Chamberlain, British Prime Minister during World War II, spent his life fighting for peace in Europe and social stability for the common people.

Qin Wuyang. He flinched when he assassinated Qin, and later became synonymous with cowards.

Now it seems that this is the achievement of the Great Qin Empire.

Gorbachev, under whose role the collapse of the Soviet Union, brought him notoriety, but ended the Cold War and won the Nobel Peace Prize. Otherwise, there is a high probability that war will break out between the United States and the Soviet Union.

Rabin, who devoted his life to the cause of Palestinian-Israeli peace, was finally assassinated by Israeli extremists.

Yuan Chonghuan, a famous anti-Jin general in the late Ming Dynasty, was smart and wise, and became the savior of the Ming Empire, but unfortunately he was suspected by Emperor Chongzhen, and gave him a charge of collaborating with the enemy and self-destructing the Great Wall.

Wang Anshi, during the period of Song Shenzong, vigorously advocated the reform of the law, violated the interests of the big bureaucrats and big landlords, and was opposed by Sima Guang and other conservatives, and later the reform was forced to fail because of too much resistance, Wang Anshi himself was not reused with the abdication of Shenzong, and was also charged with the crime of "adultery", in fact, re-examining Wang Anshi's reform measures, his unique views on economic development transcended the limitations of the time, and there are still references in modern times.

Shang. He was a politician and thinker during the Warring States Period, and a representative figure of pre-Qin legalism. Ji's surname, Wei's.

It is also known as Wei Marting, Gongsun Martingale ((Wei Marting's "Wei" is to take the country as the surname, and the "Shang" of Shang Martingale is to take the fief as the surname or the official position as the surname). Shang Ying entered Qin at the request of Qin Xiaogong to seek merit, and persuaded Qin Xiaogong to change the law and try to become stronger. After the death of Xiaogong, he was falsely accused by the Qin nobles and the suspicion of King Huiwen of Qin, and was torn apart after his death.

Shang Ying ruled in Qin for about 20 years, and the Qin State was greatly governed, known as the "Shang Yang Reform Law" in history, and made the Qin State override the Six Kingdoms of Shandong for a long time, laying the foundation for the later Qin State to unify the Six Kingdoms.

Zheng Chenggong! What do you think? I've seen his deeds, and the general situation is like this:

At the end of the Ming Dynasty, he was a military general somewhere in Fujian, after the Manchu ** entered Beijing, the army he led has been dissatisfied with the current imperial court, and was finally engaged in war with the Qing army, and finally retreated to the island of Taiwan, when Taiwan was occupied by the Dutch colonists for a long time, and the people hated it; As a result, Zheng Chenggong fought with the Dutch army out of national righteousness, and made it retreat one after another, and was finally driven out of Taiwan, so Zheng Chenggong was later respected as a national hero by the Taiwanese people. . . The relationship between Zheng Chenggong and the current dynasty was not mentioned in the history books.

Qiu Jin and other figures during the Xinhai Revolution are reflected in Lu Xun's work "Medicine".

In order to overthrow the feudal dynasty and establish a democratic country, many of them were guillotined, but the reaction of the people was to watch the excitement, and even dipped the blood of heroes in steamed buns to ** tuberculosis.

That Socrates, a great man who was sacrificed by a backward political system.

Qin Shi Huang, Wu Zetian, Cao Cao, Shang Ying.

Political domination.

Literary wars? Which category?

Zhuge Liang:

Zhuge Liang (July 23, 181 - August 28, 234), the name Kongming, the name Wolong (also known as Fulong), Han nationality, Langya Yangdu (now Yinan County, Linyi City, Shandong), Prime Minister of Shu Han, outstanding politician, strategist, inventor, and military strategist during the Three Kingdoms period. When he was alive, he was named the Marquis of Wuxiang, and he was said to be loyal to the Marquis of Wu; In order to admire Zhuge Liang's military talents, the later Eastern Jin Dynasty regime posthumously named him the king of Wuxing. His representative works include "The Table of the Former Teacher", "The Table of the Later Teacher", "The Book of Commandments" and so on.

Invented wooden oxen and flowing horses, Kong Ming lanterns, etc. Chengdu has Wuhou Temple. In addition, the great poet Du Fu has a famous article "Shu Xiang" handed down.

Pang Tong: Pang Tong (179-214 August 29), the character Shiyuan, was a native of Xiangyang, Jingzhou (now Xiangfan, Hubei). At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu Bei was a strategist, and the official worshiped the military division and the general.

The intelligence is as famous as Zhuge Liang, and the road name is "Phoenix Chick". When entering the siege of Luo County, he led the people to attack the city, but unfortunately was hit by a stray arrow and died, at the age of Chinese New Year's Eve. Posthumously given the marquis of Guannei, and said that the marquis of Jing.

After Pang Tong died, he was buried in the tomb slope of Pang Tong in Luofeng. At present, there is a national key cultural relics protection unit - Pang Tong Ancestral Tomb at the White Horse Pass of Lutou Mountain in the west of Luojiang County, Deyang City, Sichuan Province.

Pang Tong Zi Shi Yuan number Feng Xiao.

Died on Liu Bei's expedition to Shu and was defeated by Zhang Ren.

1.Specific historical context.

The background is a big stage for the activities of historical figures, and if the same activities of the characters are in different historical backgrounds, then different evaluations can be made.

2.Determine the evaluation criteria.

Looking at a character's activities or actions, you can't be emotional, and you can't think about it only from a moral point of view.

Rather, it is necessary to see whether it is conducive to the development of productive forces, social progress, and national unity.

3.Prevent generalizations.

It is usually said that no one is perfect, which means that the evaluation of the character should be divided into two and be comprehensive and objective.

For historical figures, it is necessary to consider his class and the nature of the times.

4.Overcome the heroic view of history.

Figures who have made achievements in history are created by the times, and at the same time, it is necessary to recognize that the personality characteristics of the characters have a certain influence on things.

5.It is necessary to overcome the mindset based on the effective information provided by specific materials, and comprehensively analyze the viewpoints of materials and the relevant knowledge of teaching materials.

6.The evaluation of historical figures must be based on historical facts, and we must not make subjective assumptions or groundless facts.

That is, to evaluate historical figures on the basis of possessing a large number of historical materials.

1. Basic principles for evaluating historical figures or events.

1) The basic principles of objectivity, fairness, and reasonableness must be applied. When evaluating historical figures or events, it is necessary to adhere to the standards of practice. Practice is the test of any truth, and it is also the only criterion for evaluating historical figures or events.

Although the subjective motives of the activities of some historical figures are good, the practical results are not necessarily good. Although some of them have bad subjective motives, their objective effects are unexpected by no one, and they may also promote the continuous development and progress of human history. In order to determine the role of historical figures in history, it is necessary to adhere to the criterion of productivity.

The basic criterion for judging a historical figure or historical event is mainly to see whether the historical figure or historical event conforms to the trend of historical development or promotes the development of social productive forces, and whether it promotes or hinders the development of productive forces and the progress of human society, which is the most basic criterion for determining the historical role of historical figures or historical events. What is promoted is progressive, and vice versa is backward or even reactionary.

For this reason, when we evaluate historical figures or events, we should first place them in a specific historical environment for evaluation, and we should examine and evaluate them within a certain historical scope (or a specific historical stage). The first step is to determine the context of the era in which the historical figure or historical event lived. If it is detached from the times, historical figures or historical events will become water without a source and a tree without roots.

When evaluating any historical figure, we should look for the intrinsic connection between the historical figure's personal activities and the socio-historical conditions of the time.

2) The principle of comprehensiveness must be applied. When evaluating historical figures or events, all the activities or events of all figures should be gathered together for a comprehensive analysis and evaluation. It is absolutely impossible to make one-sided or partial analysis and judgment based on a certain thing of a certain person.

3) The principle of "combining history and theory" must be applied. The "method of combining history and theory" is the most commonly used and the most basic evaluation method for us to evaluate historical issues. The evaluation should have both history and theory, and the historical facts should be typical and convincing; Conclusions should be objective, fair, reasonable, accurate and concise.

2. Basic methods for evaluating historical figures or events.

2) We should insist on measuring from a "class perspective" and determine the class attributes of historical figures. Any historical figure or historical event is a representative of the interests of a certain class in a certain society, serves that class, and fully embodies some of the class interests of that class. We should accurately determine the class attributes of historical figures or events.

To sum up, when evaluating any historical figure or historical event, we must adhere to some of the basic principles, basic methods, and basic standards put forward above. Only in this way can we make a comprehensive and accurate evaluation of historical figures or events, and thus be able to draw correct scientific historical conclusions.