What are the main substances present in seawater? What is the approximate amount of reserves?

The composition of seawater is complex. The amount of chemical elements in seawater varies greatly. In addition to hydrogen and oxygen, there are 11 elements containing more than 1 milligram per liter of seawater: Cl, Na, Mg, S, Ca, K, Br, C, Sr, B and F, which are generally referred to as "major elements".

Elements containing less than 1 milligram per liter of seawater are called "trace elements" or "trace elements".

The concentrations of several major inorganic salts in seawater are as follows:

Cl-, Na+ G kg, So4-- Mg+ +Ca+ +K+, trace elements.

Reference: Marine Handbook, edited by Guo Kun, Ocean Press, 1984.

Other than that. Seawater is a chemically complex mixture of solutions that includes water, dissolved dry water, and a variety of chemical elements and gases. So far, more than 80 kinds of chemical elements have been discovered, which can be divided into three categories according to their contents:

Macro, trace and trace elements. Sometimes, the latter two groups are also commonly referred to as trace elements. Elements that exceed 100 milligrams per liter of seawater are called macroelements.

The most important macro elements are oxygen, sodium, magnesium, sulfur, calcium, potassium, bromine, carbon, gills, boron, fluorine 11 kinds, accounting for about the total content of chemical elements. Other chemical elements are very low, among which, 100 milligrams per liter of seawater are called trace elements. Such as iron, molybdenum, potassium, uranium, iodine, etc.

Elements containing less than 1 milligram per liter of seawater are called trace elements. For example, gold, silver, cadmium, etc. Most of the chemical elements dissolved in seawater exist in the form of salt ions, among which sodium chloride is the most, accounting for sulfate. The concentration ratio between the macroelements of seawater is almost constant, which is of great significance for the study of seawater concentration

The main salinity of seawater.

Salt composition grams per kilogram of seawater percentage.

Sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, calcium sulfate, potassium sulfate, calcium carbonate, magnesium bromide, and others.

In total, the gases in seawater are mainly composed of nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. Nitrogen accounts for 64%, carbon oxide accounts for about 2%, oxygen is soluble in water, and decreases with the increase of water temperature, and accounts for about 40% at temperature 0.

Excerpt from "Practical Encyclopedia of Teaching in Secondary Schools".

The most abundant is H2O water!!

Then there are NaCl salts.

Then there is mgcl2

The most abundant element in the ocean is oxygen.

The most abundant element in seawater is oxygen, followed by hydrogen. The content of the chemical elements contained in the order from high to low is: oxygen, hydrogen, chlorine, copper and magnesium, sulfur, calcium, etc., and the most abundant element is oxygen.

Sea salt contains chlorine and sodium, and seawater also contains many valuable elements, such as magnesium bromine, iodine, etc. The manufacture of aircraft, ships, missiles, and spaceships is all related to magnesium.

Seawater**. At first, scientists were convinced that seawater was intrinsic to the planet. They began to be stored in minerals and rocks in the form of structured water, crystalline water, etc.

Later, as the earth continued to evolve, they were released from minerals and rocks and became the ** of seawater. However, some scientists disagree. They believe that this "nascent water" seeps in from the ground.

Astrogeological studies that have emerged in modern times have shown that among the Earth's close neighbors, whether it is Venus and Mercury, which are closest to the Sun, or Mars, which is farther away from the Sun, they are all water-poor, and only the Earth is blessed with such a large amount of water. All of this makes scientists feel strange and wonder what the earth's water really is.

In fact, all of these opinions are still speculation, and the day is far from truly unraveling the mystery of the earth's water sources.

With the development of marine chemistry, people have gradually understood seawater, and it has been determined that seawater contains more than 80 elements. The levels of these elements in seawater vary greatly.

According to its content, it is roughly divided into three categories: each liter of seawater contains more than 100 mg of macroelements; Contains trace elements from 1 mg to 100 mg; Contains traces of less than 1 mg.

The most abundant element in seawater is oxygen, and the most abundant metallic element is sodium.

There are 92 kinds of chemicals and elements in seawater, of which 11 (chlorine, sodium, magnesium, sulfur, calcium, potassium, bromine, strontium, boron, carbon, fluorine) account for the total amount of dissolved substances in seawater, and the other contents are very small; More than 60 chemicals can currently be extracted from seawater.

The salinity of the world's seawater is about 35 psu (35), which means that on average, 35 grams of salt, mostly sodium chloride, are dissolved in every liter of seawater. Above the level of human solute (the concentration of body fluids of modern organisms is similar to that of the ancient ocean, approximately, indirect drinking water**.

Trace element. 1. The elements needed by marine life are taken from seawater. carbon, potassium, sulfur and other elements, the content is very large; Elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and silicon can only meet the needs of living organisms, and are also necessary for living organisms (nutrient elements). Plankton absorb nutrients and release oxygen through photosynthesis; The decomposition of the wreckage consumes oxygen and releases nutrients.

Some elements, copper and cadmium, are similar to nitrogen and phosphorus, and barium, zinc, and chromium are similar to silicon.

2. Clay minerals, iron, manganese oxides, humus and other particles suspended in seawater are sinking, and a large number of trace elements in seawater are adsorbed, and they are brought to the seabed and into the sediment.

3. There are several trace elements that have high concentrations in surface seawater and low concentrations in deep layers. For example, the concentration of lead in surface seawater mainly comes from the atmosphere, and the concentration decreases rapidly in seawater below 1000 meters; There is also tritium, radon metamorphosed lead-210, etc.

4. The hydrothermal fluid inside the seabed crust is often injected into the deep sea through crustal cracks to form submarine hydrothermal vents, which contain a large number of trace elements and change the composition of seawater in the nearby deep-sea area.

For example, in 1965, hot salt water appeared in the sea water at a depth of 2,000 meters in the fissure area of the Red Sea, and the temperature reached the deepest point, and the composition of trace elements changed greatly; The Galapagos fissure in the eastern Pacific Ocean, which is sprayed by hydrothermal vents, transports a large amount of elements to the seawater, and the total amount of dissolved manganese in the seawater increases significantly with depth.

5. The concentration of barium, manganese and copper in the interstitial water of marine sediments is higher than that of the overlying seawater. These trace elements diffuse from the interstitial water to the overlying water. Even in the deep seas, far from hydrothermal vents, the concentration of these elements increases with depth.

The mass fraction of water in the ocean is the largest, while the mass fraction of oxygen in the water molecule is the largest, so the most abundant element in the ocean is oxygen.

Sodium chloride is the largest mass fraction of the solute containing metal ions in the ocean, so the most abundant metal element is sodium.

The substance that contains the most minerals in seawater is sodium chloride.

The most minerals in seawater are chloride: mainly sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, potassium chloride, and secondly, it is also rich in sulfate, bromide, fluoride, etc. More than 99% of the earth's bromine is found in the sea, known as the "marine element".

Seawater is also rich in iodine.

The oceans contain about 50 billion tonnes of minerals, up to 200 metres thick when laid on the ground. If a train is loaded, its length can be from the earth to the sun. Seawater is a veritable liquid mineral, with an average of 35.7 million tonnes of minerals per cubic kilometre of seawater, and 80 percent of the more than 100 elements known in the world can be found in seawater.

Elements in seawater:

In fact, seawater is very complex, it contains a mixture of solutions, and it also contains water as well as chemical elements, as well as gases. So far, more than 80 chemical elements have been discovered, and they are divided into three categories. They are constant, trace and trace elements, and these three elements also contain a lot of trace elements.

Under normal circumstances, there will be one milligram of macroelements in 1000 grams of seawater, which is relatively average. The chemical elements contained in seawater vary greatly. In addition to hydrogen and oxygen, 1000 grams of seawater will contain one milligram of CL, MG, CA, BR, SR, F, etc., which are also called frequent late elements.

There are very few chemical elements in seawater, and only one milligram of elements in 1000 grams of seawater is called trace elements, including LI, P, FE, CU, AS, CD, CS, HG, U, and so on.

The most abundant substance in seawater is water.

Seawater is a very complex multi-component aqueous solution. All elements in seawater exist in certain physical and chemical forms. The existence of copper in seawater is more complex, and most of it exists in the form of organic complexes or coincidentally.

Among the free ions, only a small fraction exists in the form of divalent positive ions, and most of them occur as negative ion complexes. So free copper ions account for only a small fraction of all dissolved copper. Sodium is extremely abundant in seawater, but its chemical behavior is very simple, it is almost entirely in the form of Na+ ions.

The dissolved organic matter in seawater is complex and consists mainly of a substance called "marine humus", which is similar in nature to humic and sensitic acids produced by the decomposition of vegetation in the soil.

The molecular structure of marine humus is not yet fully determined, but it forms strong complexes with metals.

Seawater Introduction:

Seawater is a flowing jujube ball, and for humans, there is no limit to the amount of water available. Seawater is a veritable liquid mineral, with an average of 35.7 million tonnes of minerals per cubic kilometre of seawater, and 80% of the more than 100 known vegan stools in the world can be found in seawater.

Seawater is also the first fresh water on land and the regulator of climate, the world's oceans evaporate 4.5 million cubic kilometers of fresh water every year, of which 90% is returned to the ocean through rainfall, 10% is turned into rain and snow falling on the earth, and then returning to the ocean along the river.

Seawater desalination technology is developing into an industry. Some people predict that with the deterioration of the ecological environment, the last way for human beings to solve the water shortage is likely to be desalination of seawater.