What is the value of a commodity, and what constitutes the value of a commodity?

Personally, I think.

Value is an abstract definition, the main person's desire for a commodity, just like a cold patient, how much is a cold medicine worth to the patient? Or for a very healthy value

1. In Marx's political economy, is the concept of commodity value the same thing as the concept of value in life?

Answer: The concept of value in political economy and the concept of value in life are completely different things, in political economy, commodity value refers to the undifferentiated human labor condensed in commodities; And value in life refers to a concept that is useful to people, what is useful to people, what is valuable. So the two concepts should not be confused.

2. Is the value of a commodity determined by individual labor hours?

Answer: The value of a commodity is determined not by individual hours of labor, but by socially necessary hours of labor. That is to say, the time taken by an individual to produce this commodity cannot determine the value of this commodity, because the labor time of an individual is not fixed, some people are lazy, some people are diligent, some people are fast, and some people are slow, so the labor time of producing a commodity is certainly different, but the value of the same commodity is the same, because the socially necessary labor time to produce it is the same.

3. Does fluctuating around value apply in any case?

Answer: In general, the ** of commodities fluctuates up and down around value, but not necessarily in some special cases. For example, if the land has no value, but it has **, who does it** go around?

Therefore, the ** of land is determined by rent, not by value; For example, the ** of antiques is much higher than its actual value, and there is a tendency to increase, and it does not fluctuate around the value, this is because antiques are not reproduced commodities, and the supply will always be less than the demand, the supply is fixed, but the demand is growing, so its ** is getting higher and higher, and does not fluctuate around the value.

4. Does the value of socially necessary labor time determine apply to any commodity?

Answer: No, it only applies to goods that can be socially produced; Some commodities cannot be socially produced, such as works of art, which are only created by the artist and cannot be socially produced, in this case, there is naturally no way to calculate the socially necessary labor time, so the value of such individualized production commodities is not determined by the socially necessary labor time.

The value of a commodity is determined by the socially necessary labor time to produce that commodity.

It should be a relative concept.

Socially necessary labor time refers to the time required to produce a certain commodity under certain social production conditions and a certain labor intensity.

To put it simply, value determines **, **can be reflected and performed to a certain extent**.

The socially necessary labor time that contains the commodity is the value of the commodity.

v+m。The value of every commodity produced in capitalist society can be decomposed into three parts, that is, w = c + v + m, where c is the value of the means of production transferred to the commodity, which is the materialized labor consumed in the production of the commodity, and v + w is the new value created, which is the living labor consumed by the workers in production, and the sum of the materialized labor and living labor consumed in the production of the commodity constitutes the actual production cost of the commodity. The surplus value (m) created by extending the surplus labor time and the value (v) of the worker's labor power

Extended material: Commodity value w = c + v + m, that is, commodity value = constant capital + variable capital + surplus value, is a famous formula in Marx's "Capital".

1. Ware: Here it can be used to express the meaning of commodity socks in a broad sense, such as the gross social output value, the total value of purchased goods, the value of products produced at a certain stage, and so on.

2. Constant cost: also called fixed cost. The meaning of the representation is the part of the cost that does not change with the total transaction volume and business volume in a certain period or in a certain period.

3. Variable cost: relative to constant cost, it refers to the part of the cost that will change in the positive direction with the change of output and the amount of filial piety, and the constant cost and variable cost constitute the total cost.

4. Merit value: According to Marx's theory, surplus value refers to the profit (the difference between the value created by labor and wages) in the new value produced by the exploitation of laborers, that is, "the labor created by laborers that is appropriated by the bourgeoisie without compensation".