Why the value of a commodity can only be expressed when it is exchanged

Because only exchange can be called a commodity, and a commodity determines its value because of its exchange value, ** affected by the fluctuation of supply and demand. The value of a commodity is expressed through exchange, and the amount of value of a commodity is determined by socially necessary labor time, and the more socially necessary labor time expended on the production of a certain commodity, the greater its value is, and vice versa, the smaller it is. The higher the social labor productivity of producing a certain commodity, the less socially necessary labor time is consumed, and the smaller the value of the commodity, and vice versa.

Therefore, the amount of value of commodities is directly proportional to socially necessary labor time, and inversely proportional to social labor productivity.

Extended Materials. 1. Commodity value: Commodity value is the amount of currency exchanged for a certain amount of commodity when commodities are exchanged with currency.

The amount of money exchanged for a unit of quantity is the unit value (unit price), and the amount of currency exchanged for a non-unit quantity is the total value (total price). Marx believed that the value (unit price) of a commodity is determined by the socially necessary labor time to produce that commodity. In reality, the value of commodities is mainly reflected through **.

2. Quantity of value: The value of commodities generally refers to the unit price of commodities, and the value of commodities is positively correlated with the socially necessary labor time for the production of the commodity (socially necessary labor time: the labor time required to produce a certain use value under the existing normal social production conditions, under the average social labor proficiency and labor intensity), and when the total value of the unit of labor time is constant, the value of the commodity is proportional to the socially necessary labor time.

3. Use value: The amount of use value refers to the attribute that the commodity can meet a certain need of people, that is, the usefulness of the item. The use value is the natural attribute of the commodity, which is determined by the physical, chemical, biological and other attributes of the item.

Total value: The total value is the total value of the quantity, and the total value of the commodity is equal to the unit value multiplied by the total quantity of the commodity.

Exchange value is determined by the supply and demand of goods.

The general human labor condensed in the commodity is the value of the commodity, and as a historical category, value is the essential and social attribute unique to the commodity.

It reflects the socio-economic relations between commodity producers who compare labor consumption and exchange labor, and the proportion of commodity exchange depends on the value of commodities; Therefore, value is the basis or content of exchange value, and exchange value is the manifestation of value.

The use value and exchange value of commodities are different and contradictory;

First of all, use value is the natural attribute of commodities, reflecting the relationship between man and nature; Exchange value is a social attribute of commodities and reflects the social relations between commodity producers.

Second, use value is an eternal category, and exchange value is a category of commodity economy.

Thirdly, the existence of use value does not presuppose the existence of value.

The expression of the exchange value of a commodity is the property of a commodity that can be exchanged for other commodities or money. The exchange value is first expressed as the proportion of the amount of one use value exchanged for another use value, and later (the money age) is expressed as the exchange relationship between commodities and money, that is, the amount of money exchanged for a certain amount of goods. 1.

All commodities must have use value, and items without use value cannot be exchanged for commodities. However, not everything that has use value is a commodity. For a useful item to be a commodity, it must also be an item to be exchanged, with an exchange value.

A commodity is an item that, on the one hand, satisfies a certain need of people; On the other hand, it can be exchanged for other items. Commodities not only have a use value, but also an exchange value.

In examining the simple exchange relation, Marx said, "Exchange value is first expressed in the relation or proportion of the quantity exchanged between one use value and another use value." The proportional relation that Marx speaks of here is only a phenomenal form of exchange value, so what is behind this exchange that determines this proportion? For example, in a certain area, 1 sheep can exchange 2 stone axes, which means that there is an equal relationship between them.

So, why can 1 sheep be equal to 2 stone axes? What determines the exchange value of commodities? Extended Materials.

1.The Utility-Oriented Perspective The utility-based theory holds that the proportion of commodity exchange is determined by the utility of the commodity, i.e., the use value. The greater the utility of a commodity, the greater its exchange value; Conversely, the smaller the utility, the smaller the exchange value.

This view is completely wrong. Because, first, things of different qualities and different names cannot be compared in terms of quantity because they are qualitatively different. The comparison of 1 sheep and 2 stone axes is not a comparison of the weight of the two goods, nor of their length and volume.

Second, there is no comparison between different use values. Sheep can produce wool, and stone axes can chop wood. Which is more valuable, sheep or stone axes?

Obviously, it is impossible to judge from the point of view of use value. 2.The Supply-Demand Theory holds that the proportion of goods exchanged is determined by supply and demand.

When the supply of commodities exceeds demand, the exchange value of commodities tends to rise; When there is an oversupply of commodities, the exchange value of commodities tends to decline. The theory of supply and demand attempts to determine the determination of exchange value in terms of the equilibrium or equilibrium of supply and demand, but this is actually synonymous, and one can still continue to ask - what exactly does exchange value mean when supply and demand are in equilibrium? Why is the market value represented by exactly one monetary amount and not another?

It can be seen that the equilibrium of supply and demand does not account for the determination of exchange value.

Error: Utility is an expression of the use value of goods, and goods exchanged with each other are not qualitative in terms of their use value, so quantitative comparisons cannot be made. The reason why different commodities can be exchanged with each other in a certain proportion is that all commodities are products of labor and have value.

Value is the undifferentiated ordinary human labor condensed in the commodity. It is homogeneous, there is only a difference in the quantity of value. Therefore, value is the basic factor that determines the exchange value.

but because they are themselves the condensation of ordinary human labour, of the same quality, they are themselves commensurate with each other,)

In everyone's eyes, each product has a different value, because everyone's needs are different. Trade what you don't need for what others need for what you need.

Summary. (1) The quality of value is the condensation of undifferentiated ordinary human labor. Ordinary human labor forms value, but it does not mean that value is formed at all times, and it is only under the conditions of commodity economy that ordinary human labor forms value.

2) The equivalent exchange of commodities is essentially the exchange of labor between commodity producers, so value reflects the economic relationship between commodity producers who compare and exchange labor with each other. (3) Value is the unique social attribute of commodities and the most essential factor of commodities.

Why value reflects the exchange relationship between commodities.

Hello dear, there are several reasons:

(1) The quality of value is the condensation of undifferentiated ordinary human labor. Ordinary human labor forms value, but it does not mean that value is formed at all times, and it is only under the conditions of commodity economy that ordinary human labor forms value. 2) The equivalent exchange of commodities is essentially the exchange of labor between commodity producers, so value reflects the economic relationship between commodity producers who compare and exchange labor with each other.

(3) Value is the unique social attribute of commodities and the most essential factor of commodities.

Use value is the sensitive material bearer of value, exchange value is the manifestation of valueExchange value is the material bearer of value, and use value is the manifestation of value.

Use value is the manifestation of value, exchange value is the basis of value, use value is the basis of value, and value is the manifestation of exchange value.

Value is the general human labor condensed in a commodity. It is only under the conditions of a commodity economy that ordinary human labour can form value. Labor excavates to form value, which is a social form of labor under the conditions of commodity economy.

Any useful item has a use value, but it only has value if it is used as a commodity. Therefore, value is the most essential factor of the commodity, and it embodies the social relations between the producers of the commodity.

Value reflects the reasons for the exchange relations between commodities: (1) The quality of value is the condensation of undifferentiated ordinary human labor. Ordinary human labor forms value, but it does not mean that value is formed at all times, and it is only under the conditions of commodity economy that ordinary human labor forms non-nuclear value.

2) The equivalent exchange of commodities is essentially the exchange of labor between commodity producers, so value reflects the economic and dry economic relationship between commodity producers in comparison and exchange of labor. (3) Value is the unique social attribute of commodities and the most essential factor of commodities.