The architectural characteristics of the pit courtyard, the characteristics and functions of the pit

China's famous pit courtyard, the whole village has lived underground for thousands of years, and the decoration style is very distinctive.

The pit courtyard not only has the characteristics of sturdy and durable, warm in winter and cool in summer, windproof and sound insulation, earthquake proof and earthquake resistance, but also enters the village, only hears people's laughter, roosters and dogs bark, but does not see the village houses, "enter the village and do not see people, see trees and do not see the village" is its true portrayal.

Shaanzhou Dikeng Courtyard is located in Beiying Village, Zhangbian Township, Chilv Socks, Shaanzhou District, Sanmenxia City, Henan Province, 11 kilometers away from Sanmenxia City. As an ancient and magical style of folk houses, the pit courtyard contains rich culture, is the only underground ancient residential building in the country and even the world, and is one of the four unique ancient residential buildings in China. It is known as "an ancient village under the horizon, a living fossil in the history of folk houses".

The pit yard not only has the characteristics of sturdy and durable, warm in winter and cool in summer, windproof and sound insulation, earthquake proof and earthquake resistance, but also enters the village, only hears people's laughter, roosters and defeated dogs barking, but does not see the village houses, "enter the village and do not see people, see trees and do not see the village" is its true portrayal. In 2011, the "pit courtyard construction technology" was entered into the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage list; In 2013, it was approved as a national cultural relics protection unit.

The pit courtyard is also called the Tianjing courtyard, the pit courtyard, and the locals call it"Patio Courtyard"、"Shade pits"、"Ground kiln"It is a remnant of the ancient people's cave dwelling style, which is called northern China"Underground quadrangle"It is said to be more than 4,000 years old.

Dikeng courtyards are distributed in Sanmenxia, Shaanxi, Henan, Wankuanyuncheng, Shanxi, Qingyang, Longdong, Gansu and parts of Shaanxi. Among them, the territory of Sanmenxia in Henan Province is well preserved, especially in the three high-platform plains of Dongfan Plateau, Zhangcun Plateau and Zhangbian Plateau in Shaanxi Nationality Naoju County, many villagers still live in the pit courtyard, and there are still more than 100 underground villages and nearly 10,000 patio courtyards.

Pit Yard. It is also called Tianjing Courtyard, Dikeng Courtyard, the local people call it "Tianjing Courtyard", "Diyin Pit", "Diyao", it is the remnant of the ancient people's cave dwelling way, and is known as the "Dituan Sun Xia Courtyard" in northern China, and it is said that it has a history of about 4,000 years.

The pit courtyard is in Sanmenxia, Henan, Shaanxi County, and Yuncheng, Shanxi.

Longdong, Gansu. It is distributed in Qingyang and parts of Shaanxi. Among them, the territory of Sanmenxia in Henan Province is well preserved, especially in the three high-platform plains of Dongfan Plateau, Zhangcun Plateau and Zhangbian Plateau in Shaanxi County, many villagers still live in the pit courtyard, and there are still more than 100 underground villages and nearly 10,000 patio key trap courtyards.

The well-preserved villages include Zhangcun Yuanrenma Village and Miaoshang Village.

Yangshao culture 6,000 years ago.

During this period, human settlements in areas such as the West Loess Shake underwent "revolutionary" changes. The famous Yangshao cultural relics also have many Yangshao cultural relics such as the ditch at the bottom of the temple in Shaanxi County and the small south plateau on the Shaanxi plateau, the village on the temple, the village of the people and the horses, and the kiln head.

The characteristics of Yangshao culture are, firstly, primitive agriculture as the main economic form, and secondly, the dwellings are all garden-shaped or square-shaped pit-type shacks. These pit villages have steps for going up and down, these steps have straight slopes, and there are spiral rises along the pit wall, which may be the prototype of the pit courtyard.

It is mainly distributed in the Loess Plateau, Shanxi, Shaanxi and other places, and the pit is also called the cave.

Dikeng courtyards are distributed in Sanmenxia, Shaanxi, Henan, Yuncheng, Shanxi, Qingyang, Longdong, Gansu and parts of Shaanxi. Among them, the territory of Sanmenxia in Henan Province is well preserved, especially in the three high-platform plains of Dongfan Plateau, Zhangcun Plateau and Zhangbian Plateau in Shaanxi County, many villagers still live in the pit courtyard, and there are still more than 100 underground villages and nearly 10,000 patio courtyards.

The earliest existing courtyard that still lives in people has a history of more than 200 years, has lived in more than six generations, and the well-preserved villages include Zhangcun Yuanrenma Village and Miaoshang Village.

In Miaoshang Village, Shaanxi County, in western Henan, the villagers live in the courtyard of the pit, thrive, and enjoy a peaceful "underground life". In the first batch of "Chinese Traditional Villages" list announced by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Miaoshang Village, located in Xizhangcun Town, Shaanxi County, is on the list and is also one of the 16 shortlisted villages in Henan Province.

Dikeng Courtyard Zhaobi is mainly distributed in Yuncheng, Shanxi, Qingyang, Gansu, and some areas of Shaanxi and Jingju.

Answer Henan Shaanxi manuscript eggplant county.

It is distributed in Sanmenxia, Shaanxi, Henan, Yuncheng, Shanxi, Qingyang, Longdong, Gansu and parts of Shaanxi. The territory of Sanmenxia in Henan Province is well preserved, especially in the three high-platform plains of Shaanxi County, Dongfan Plateau, Zen Zhangcun Plateau, and Zhangbian Plateau.

The pit courtyard is also called the Tianjing Courtyard, the Underground Pit Courtyard, and the locals call it the Tianjing Courtyard, the Diyin Pit, and the Underground Kiln. It is a remnant of the ancient people's cave dwelling method, and is known as the underground courtyard house in northern China.

The construction of the pit kiln yard is very ingenious, quite a craftsman's leather stall, the cave communicates with the earth, lies in the earth, beats with the earth vein, and has a shockproof function in practical value.

The construction of the pit courtyard is influenced by the traditional culture of the gossip, the villagers must ask Mr. Yin and Yang to inspect before building the kiln courtyard, according to the topography and area of the homestead, around the eight directions of the yin and yang fish, according to the I Ching Bagua to decide to build that form of the courtyard.