Why Genghis Khan could sweep Europe

Genghis Khan did not attack Europe at all during his lifetime, it was carried out by his descendants, and it only reached the Hungarian region of Eastern Europe, and suffered stubborn resistance from European armies, and defeated the Europeans at great cost.

Hyperbole: No one has swept Europe in history.

Is it the history textbook that tells you that? Relying on the Chinese just likes to boast.

Oh, Wu Mu's suicide note understands Sa.

The moderators seem to have made a mistake, and it seems that it was Kublai Khan and his descendants who swept across Europe.

Genghis Khan never hit Europe, let alone the Roman Empire. But his descendant, Kublai Khan, had fought in Europe, but not the Roman Empire.

In the 8th to 14th years of Yuan Taizong (1236-1241), Ögedai Khan sent Batu and other kings to lead an army to conquer the countries west of the Volga River.

In the summer and autumn of the ninth year of Yuan Taizong (1237), he recuperated east of the Volga River and decided to conquer the Rus' (present-day Kirov Oblast in northern Russia and the areas west of the Tatar Autonomous Republic, Ukraine and Belarus).

In December, Batu and other kings led their armies across the Volga River and conquered the cities of Lyezan (a work of "Yeliezan", the city of Ryazan in the Zan region of present-day Moscow in Southeast Asia) and Koromna (the city of Kolomna southeast of present-day Moscow). In February of the following year, he laid siege to Vladimir, the capital of the Grand Duchy of Vladimir (northeast of present-day Moscow, Russia).

The first western expedition began in 1219, led by Genghis Khan himself, and invaded the Central Asian power of Huathornzim in four ways, and after several years of conquest, in 1222, he destroyed Huazim and occupied Central Asia equivalent to the Soviet Union, at the same time, Genghis Khan sent Jebe, Subutai led another army, North Vietnam Taihe Ling (now Caucasus Mountain), crossed the Azov Strait, and invaded the territory of present-day Eastern Europe Russia, in 1223, On the banks of the Calga River (north of the present-day city of Zhdanov in the Soviet Union), the combined forces of Uras (Russia) and Kipchak were defeated, and on the way back from the east, they subjugated the kingdom of Khamli north of the Caspian and Aral Seas. By 1225, the Mongol Khanate had largely conquered a vast area from western Central Asia to the eastern shores of the Black Sea.

The second expedition to the west was from 1235 to 1244. At that time, Genghis Khan was dead, and the Mongol Great Khan Ogedai succeeded to the throne of the Great Khan, sent Batu (Genghis Khan's eldest grandson) and Guiyou, Möngke and others to lead an army to the west, destroyed Qin and then captured Russia, and invaded Porjeer (Poland), Mazha Khanqiao (spring) and Austria.

The Third Western Expedition lasted from 1253 to 1259, when the Mongol Khan Möngke (the eldest son of Genghis Blind Khan's fourth son, Tuolei) sent Huliewu to lead an invasion to the west, defeating Muxiyi (in present-day Iran) and defeating the Black-clothed Great Food ( * Captured Baghdad and the city of Damatuge, and extended the power of the Mongol Khanate to Southwest Asia.

Because this strength was particularly strong at that time, Genghis Khan chose to attack Europe in order to accumulate resources.

In fact, there are many reasons why Genghis Khan did not continue to fightAfter all, Genghis Khan had also reached the edge of Europe at that time, that is, the Ukrainian region, but Ukraine has always been squeezed out by Europe, and the soldiers around him at that time were really not enough, so they withdrew the armyAfter all, even if he occupied this place, he still lacked manpower, and after thinking about it, Genghis Khan decided to retreat and set his goal on the Western Xia Kingdom, but there were other reasons besides this:

01. Genghis Khan's physical condition is also getting worse and worse

At that time, Genghis Khan's physical condition was also worse day by day, and he also missed his hometown, so he also wanted to go home, so he did not continue to fight in Europe, this reason is actually the main reason, after all, people are the most homesick when they are most vulnerable, so it also led him to order the withdrawal of the army.

02. The army is insufficient, and it can no longer support the need to continue the westward expedition

In the war, Genghis Khan is a very capable leader, he went all the way to the west, and took so many places, but it is also because of this westward expedition that his troops are getting smaller and smaller, after all, the most needed troops are troops when fighting, if the troops can not be satisfied, it is difficult to continue, even if it is a fight, it is difficult to become a big climate, Genghis Khan can only withdraw his troops when he thinks of this.

03. There are many internal military tensions and contradictions in Mongolia

At that time, when Genghis Khan was marching westward, he left his general Mu Huali in the Central Plains, but Mu Huali died of illness in the eighteenth year of Genghis KhanAt this time, the Western Xia Kingdom and the Jin Kingdom began to collude with each other, secretly preparing to deal with the Mongolian State behind their backs, which also made the Mongolian State at that time vulnerable to enemies on both sides, so Genghis Khan learned the news and withdrew to Europe and returned to China.

The troops have been away from their hometowns for several years, and the soldiers are seriously homesick. Moreover, the purpose of Genghis Khan's expedition to the west was to eliminate Khorezm, and he had already eliminated the return trip. Genghis Khan had no plans to conquer Europe.

There are two reasons, the first is that he is older and does not want to do much, and the other is that their troops are not adapted to the kind of environment in Europe, after all, it is still relatively cold.

Although Genghis Khan originally advocated force, and then the country's strength was very strong at that time, but after reaching Europe, Genghis Khan's body was not as good as before, and he was already old, so he would not continue to fight.

The purpose of Genghis Khan's expedition to the west was to eliminate Khorezm. He had no plans to conquer Europe at all! Genghis Khan's goal of unifying China was much stronger when he went south.

Genghis Khan's war against Europe stemmed from the murder of a large Mongolian caravan.

The murder of the Mongolian caravan:

In 1218, Genghis Khan, in accordance with the trade agreement between Mongolia and Khorezm, sent a large caravan of 450 people, carrying gold, silver, silk, camel hair fabrics, beaver skins, mink and other valuable goods on 500 camels, to Khorezm with a letter from Genghis Khan to Khorezm. When the caravan reached the city of Tatara in the upper reaches of the Syr Darya River, the garrison was detained because of the greed for money, and he sent a report to King Mahamat, who ordered the execution of the caravan members and confiscation of all their belongings.

After the incident, Genghis Khan sent three envoys led by Bahrat to Khorezm to ask for the perpetrators. King Mahamat turned a deaf ear to this, and not only killed Bahara, but also drove the two deputy envoys back with their beards shaved. Therefore, Genghis Khan became angry and decided to wage war on Europe.