Are ions and their corresponding atoms different substances?

Ions are charged, atoms are not charged. The outermost stable number of electrons formed by an atom gaining or losing electrons is called an ion.

It is not the same substance, and the ion is the form in which the corresponding atom gains electrons or loses electrons, and the number of nuclear charges is different between the two.

The number of nuclear charges of the anion = the number of electrons outside the nucleus of the atom + the absolute value of the valency carried by the anion;

The number of nuclear charges of the cation = the number of electrons outside the nucleus of the atom - the absolute value of the valency carried by the anion;

An atom is made up of electrons moving at high speed outside the nucleus and outside the nucleus. The nucleus is composed of protons and neutrons (except for protons, the nucleus only has protons, no neutrons) (not divided into two layers) Each proton has a unit positive charge, neutrons are not electrical, and there are as many protons as there are units of positive charge, and the number of positive charges carried by protons is called the nuclear charge number.

Brief introduction. Number of nuclear charges = number of protons = number of electrons outside the nucleus = number of atomic numbers (the number of electrons outside the nucleus should be removed from ions) number of protons + number of neutrons = relative atomic mass = mass number.

The "position" of an element in the periodic system has an intrinsic basis, which is determined by the nature of the element, which is expressed by the quantitative value of the characteristic X-ray wavelength. This result establishes a strict order of the periodic systems.

The number of nuclear charges is equal to the atomic number, which gives the "position" in the periodic system a specific physical meaning; At the same time, it specifies the question of what determines the "position", that is, by the number of nuclear charges. Thus, an element can be understood as an atomic form with the same nuclear charge number, or rather a class of atoms with the same nuclear charge number.

The atoms and ions of the same substance have different chemical properties. Atoms and ions have a relationship between gaining and losing electrons, so their chemical properties are changed. The chemical properties of an element are determined by the number of electrons in the outermost shell, and the species of an element is determined by the number of protons.

What atoms are made ofAtoms are made up of electrons, protons, and neutrons (hydrogen atoms are made up of protons and electrons).

A positive atom contains a dense nucleus and a number of electrons that are negatively charged around the nucleus. The nucleus of a negative atom is negatively charged, and the surrounding negative electrons are "positively charged". The nucleus of a positive atom is made up of positively charged protons and electrically neutral neutrons.

The antiproton in the nucleus of the negative atom becomes negatively charged, thus making the nucleus of the negative atom negatively charged. When the number of protons is the same as the number of electrons, the atom is electrically neutral; Otherwise, it is a positively or negatively charged ion. Depending on the number of protons and neutrons, the types of atoms are also different:

The number of protons determines which element the atom belongs to, while the number of neutrons determines which isotope the atom is of that element.

Ions are a type of atom.

Ions are charged particles formed by an atom or group of atoms losing or gaining one or a few electrons. This process is called ionization. The energy required or emitted by the ionization process is known as ionization energy.

In a chemical reaction, the atom of a metallic element loses its outermost electron, and the non-metallic atom gains an electron, thus giving charge to the atom or cluster of atoms participating in the reaction.

Atoms and molecules are electrically neutral while ions are charged. The charge is equal to the number of electrons lost or gained. For example:

The loss of 1 electron carries a positive charge of one unit, think of the sodium ions in sodium chloride. The loss of 2 electrons brings 2 positive charges, such as calcium ions in calcium chloride. Corresponding to this is the valence, sodium ions are positive monovalent and calcium ions are positive bivalent.

If you get electrons, they have a negative charge, such as fluoride ions and sulfate in sodium chloride. Since the mass of the electron is small and negligible with respect to the atom, the relative mass of the ion is the same as that of the corresponding atom.

Introduction to Atoms

Refers to the basic particles that are inseparable from chemical reactions, and atoms are inseparable in chemical reactions. But in the physical state it can be divided (only discovered in the late 19th and early 20th centuries). Therefore, although the atom is already small, it is still not the most basic unit that makes up the world.

The atom itself also has an internal structure, which is made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

1. The difference between atoms and ions:

1) The structure is different.

2) Varies in nature.

3) The size is different.

4) The symbols are different.

2. The connection between atoms and ions: cations.

The number of positive charges is equal to the number of electrons lost by its atom (the number of electrons in the outermost shell of the atom).

2. Ion refers to a stable structure in which an atom loses or gains one or several electrons due to its own or external action, so that it reaches the outermost electron number of 8 or 2 (helium atoms) or no electrons (four neutrons). This process is called ionization. The energy required or emitted by the ionization process is known as ionization energy.

3. In a chemical reaction, the metal element atom loses its outermost electron, and the non-metal atom gains electrons, so that the atoms or clusters participating in the reaction are made.

Take on the charge. Charged atoms are called ions, positively charged atoms are called cations, and negatively charged atoms are called anions.

Anions and cations form uncharged compounds due to electrostatic action. Like molecules and atoms, ions are the elementary particles that make up matter.

Such as sodium chloride. It is composed of chloride ions and sodium ions.

4. The atom is made up of the nucleus.

and electrons outside the nucleus, the nucleus has a positive charge, and the electrons moving around the nucleus have the opposite negative charge. The number of nuclear charges of an atom.

It is equal to the number of electrons outside the nucleus, so the atom is electrically neutral. If the energy obtained by an atom from the outside exceeds the binding energy of an electron in a shell, then the electron can be freed from the atom and become a free electron.

5. Generally, atoms with the outermost number of electrons less than 4, or atoms with a large radius, are more likely to lose electrons (generally metallic elements, such as potassium K, calcium Ca, etc.) tend to achieve a relatively stable structure; Atoms with an outermost electron number of not less than 4 (generally non-metallic elements, such as boron b, carbon c, etc.) are more likely to obtain electrons and tend to achieve a relatively stable structure.

A molecule is composed of atoms, and atoms contain protons, neutrons, and electrons, and the atoms that revolve around the protons and neutrons and lose the outermost part of their electrons are called ions. Difference Between Ion and Atom: The structure is different.

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is equal to the number of electrons outside the nucleus, and the number of electrons in the outermost shell does not reach a stable structure (except for noble gases); The number of protons in the nucleus of an ion is greater or less than the number of electrons outside the nucleus, and the number of electrons in the outermost shell mostly reaches 8 electrons stable structure. The electrical properties are different. The total number of positive charges in the nucleus of an atom is equal to the total number of negative charges outside the nucleus, so the atom is not electrically charged, and the electrogeny is an important sign that distinguishes ions from atoms.

Since the number of positive charges in the cation nucleus is greater than the total number of negative charges outside the nucleus, it is positively charged. Anions, on the contrary, are electronegative. The nature is different. The different structures and electrical properties determine the different properties of atoms and ions.

For example, sodium metal, which is composed of sodium atoms, can react violently with water; Sodium ions, on the other hand, do not react with water, while sodium ions do not react with water and can move freely in water. Atomic connection: Since ions are made by atoms that gain (or lose) electrons, the nuclear charge number of atoms and ions is the same, and particles belonging to the same element, such as chlorine atom Cl and chloride ion Cl- are different states of existence of chlorine elements.

What is the difference and connection between ions and atoms.