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.Relationship between atomic structure and number of constituent particles 1In the atom (a zx), there are z protons, neutrons a-z, extranuclear electrons z, and masses a.

2.Correlation between (1) Mass number = number of protons + number of neutrons, in atoms:

Number of protons = atomic number = number of nuclear charges = nucleus. Number of electrons outside the cation: number of protons = number of atomic numbers = number of nuclear charges >> number of electrons outside the nucleus in anions:

Number of protons = atomic number = number of nuclear charges "Number of electrons outside the nucleus (2) The number of nuclear charges of the atom = the number of electrons outside the nucleus of the cation + the number of ion charges, such as f has 10 electrons in the outermost shell, and the atomic number of f is 9. (3) The number of nuclear charges of the atom = the number of electrons outside the nucleus of the anion - the number of ionic charges, Na+ has 10 electrons in the outermost shell, and the atomic number of Na is 11. [Exercise] 1

Comparing the atoms of the elements with charge numbers 16 and 6, the following data for the former is 4 times that of the latter, which is (d) aNumber of electrons bThe number of outermost electrons c

Number of electron layers dThe number of protons in the secondary outer electron number 11na is , the number of neutrons in 11 is 12, the number of electrons outside the nucleus is 10, and the mass number is 23. The number of protons in 32 16s2 is 16, the number of neutrons is 16, the number of electrons outside the nucleus is 18, and the mass number is 32.

Two. Understand the concept of isotopes: (1) Elements:

Atoms of the same class with the same (or number of protons). (2) Nuclide: An atom with a certain number of protons and a certain number of neutrons.

3) Isotopes: Different atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes to each other. That is, different nuclides of the same element are called isotopes to each other.

[Exercise] 1The original plan to achieve global satellite communication required the launch of 77 satellites, which is exactly the same as the number of electrons outside the nucleus of the iridium (IR) element, hence the name "Iridium project". One isotope of iridium is known to be 191-77ir, then the number in its nucleus is (b) 2

In 6 3Li, 14 7N, 23 11Na, 24 12mg, 7 3Li, 14 6C: 6 3Li and 7 3Li are isotopes to each other. 14 7n and 14 6c have equal masses but cannot be called isotopes to each other.

23 11na and 24 12mg have the same number of neutrons, but the number of protons is not equal, so they are not the same element. 3.There are six kinds of particles, they are 40 19x, 40 20y, 40 18z, 40 19q, 40 20k2, 40 20m, and they belong to the species of the element (b) species species species 4

In the following groups, the isotopes are (d) bDiamond and soccer olene C60 and D2O and 18O

If your girlfriend comes home for an internship in June, it is estimated that you will face separation in the future, which may be a more realistic problem for your girlfriend. It's not impossible to live separately, but it's relatively harder.

The second problem your girlfriend faces is that she doesn't know if she can find a job as a preschool teacher in Fuzhou, which is also a knot that she can't tie in her heart. She wants to be with you, but she's worried about her work.

In fact, there are a lot of preschool education jobs now, and if you can't get into public kindergartens, there are a lot of private kindergartens, and many of them are well paid. Your girlfriend is going to do an internship in June, you have to worry more for your girlfriend, help her ask about the recruitment of teachers in the local kindergarten in Fuzhou, prepare her for work early, relieve her worries, and untie the knot in her heart.

High school is too small; Women enter society too early;

These two are emotional instability.

The cute girl can't stand the years of the pig-killing knife;

The three thousand rivals in love are not as good as the three taels on the chest, and the depreciation of the body is slower than the face;

These two are the uncertainty of living together in the future.

I do not express an opinion. Comfort her yourself. Long-distance relationship, unrealistic. Hope you understand. If you love, strive for it. If you don't regret it later, it's OK

Alas, if she finds a job, you will go to the university.

It turns out that you love her very much! Others say that a long-distance relationship is impossible, so hard that you can't prove that everything is possible!

Brother, don't worry about this kind of thing, the boat will naturally go straight to the bridge, but women will hurt.

The smallest angle = (540-78)*2 (2+2+3+3+4)=66° 66*3 Yushengmin 2=99° 66*2=132° 66+78=144°

The inner angles of this pentagon are: 66°, Qingzhi 99°, 99°, 132°, and 144°.