What to do with the Egyptian pharaoh after his death? Who was the last pharaoh of Egypt?

In ancient Egypt, people believed that they would go to the underworld after death, so successive pharaohs repaired their tombs before they died, so that they could "live" better in the other world. After their deaths, most of their internal organs were stripped of and their bodies were dried and mummified into mausoleums that they had built during their lifetimes. In addition, many slaves were put in as burial offerings.

The process of making mummies gradually became clear. But until now, we only know that when the ancient Egyptians made mummies, the makers first sucked out the brain through the nose and injected drugs to wash the brain. Then pull an opening in the abdomen to remove the lungs, stomach, intestines and other organs, leaving the heart in the body.

Then wash the body cavity with coconut wine and mashed spices, fill it with resin, sake-soaked linen and sawdust, and sew it as it is.

The corpse is to be buried entirely in sodium oxide and dried. After 70 days, the craftsmen removed the corpse and washed it, anointed it with oil and spices, wrapped it tightly in a large amount of linen, and coated it with resin. When bandaging, you should take special care to prevent nails from falling out, starting with the fingers and toes, and continuing to the limbs and whole body.

The incision in the abdomen is covered with a lid, which symbolizes Horace's "intact spectacles". In this way, the wrapped mummy retains its pre-dehydration shape. Some mummies have special masks on their heads, which cool the face of the deceased before his death.

The bandaging technique of mummies reached its peak in the XXII Dynasty, and the nobles and the poor had different production costs.

All the organs that are removed will be stored separately, only the heart will not be removed, but it will be left in the body. The reason is that the ancient Egyptians believed that the heart would be weighed on the scales by Anubis, the god of the jackal, to measure his good and evil in the world. For this reason, the Egyptians also placed many heart-shaped amulets on the mummies to prevent the heart from inadvertently revealing some inappropriate secrets.

The bandaging technique of mummies reached its peak in the Twenty-Second Dynasty. At that time, the internal organs of the corpse are re-placed into the body after processing.

Of course, the mummification takes a long time and is expensive, in addition to the need for various medicines, spices to ward off evil spirits, amulets, etc., only to wrap a corpse, sometimes more than 1,000 meters of high-quality linen. Therefore, only the king, the prince's relatives, and the rich nobles can afford to spend it, and the poor can only do it simply, or even hastily, and it can be done in about a few days. The making of the mummies of the royal family can take up to several months.

It is to make mummies, not only the pharaohs, but also the nobles do this. In fact, there are also some in China, such as the golden jade clothes in the Han tombs are a kind of mummies.

I learned it all in school history class and made mummies.

Who was the last pharaoh in ancient Egypt? Look: Cleopatra VII.

Cleopatra VII (c. December 70 BC or January 69 BC – August 12, c. 30 BC), commonly known as Cleopatra. She was the last female pharaoh of the Ptolemaic dynasty of ancient Egypt.

She had a poisonous snake bite herself to end her life and Egypt's life at the same time (although studies have shown that her death from Octavian** is more likely). From then on, Egypt became part of the Roman Empire until the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century.

She is talented, intelligent, witty, good at means, unpredictable, and has a dramatic life. In particular, she was involved in the political maelstrom at the end of the Roman Republic, and her close relationship with Caesar and Antony, accompanied by various anecdotes, made her a famous figure in literature and art.

Legend has it that despite her strict guarding, she managed to get a basket of figs from a farmer that contained a small poisonous snake called "Asp", which she let bite her arm and die unconscious.

Octavian fulfilled her dying request and buried her with Antony. Caesarion, the son of Cleopatra VII and Caesar, and Alexander, the eldest son of her and Antony, were executed by Octavian's orders.

With the death of Cleopatra Yu Dou VII, the 300-year-long Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt came to an end, and Egypt was incorporated into Rome and became the private property of the Führer.

The Egyptian pharaoh referred only to the royal palace during the Old Kingdom era, and began to be used as a eulogy for the king himself from the eighteenth dynasty of the New Kingdom, Thutmose III, and gradually evolved into an honorific title for the king. After the 22nd Dynasty, it became the official title of king. It is customary to refer to the kings of ancient Egypt as pharaohs.

The pharaoh was the supreme representative of state power, holding military, political, and divine power. Pharaoh claimed to be the son of the sun god Amun, the **man and incarnation of the god on earth.

The word "pharaoh" is actually translated from the Greek and Hebrew names for the rulers of the Nile valley countries, which is derived from the Egyptian word for "royal palace." Thus, the term "pharaoh" originally referred to a royal palace or court, and by the end of the Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt, the term "pharaoh" was used only to refer to the royal palace. The earliest use of the term "pharaoh" to refer to the monarch of Egypt was in a letter from the time of Ekhnaton of the 18th Dynasty, which mentions "Pharaoh, may he live long and be rich, king".

In the Nineteenth Dynasty after this, the term "pharaoh" could also be used to represent nobles, not just kings. It was not until the 22nd Dynasty that the word pharaoh began to be used in association with the specific title of pharaoh, and "pharaoh" became its current meaning, that is, the king of Egypt.

At a time when the word "pharaoh" was not used, the ancient Egyptians generally used the words "king", "highness", "monarch", etc., to refer to the ruler of the country, but these words were paraphrases of ancient Egyptian, not transliteration. And because of the uniqueness of the word "pharaoh", it is customary for later generations to use this title for all the kings of ancient Egypt.

Cleopatra——— Cleopatra VII, the last Egyptian to be called Pharaoh, what about after that?

The Egyptian world was incorporated into the Arab world, and the land remained unchanged, but the nation was no longer a nation like ancient Egypt in the strict sense of the word. So now the peoples of Egypt are Arabs, Greeks, Romans and some indigenous Egyptians, but they no longer have their own language, and they all speak Arabic.

Cleopatra.

Who is this person?

We said that she was the last pharaoh, and we know that when it comes to pharaohs, only ancient Egypt had pharaohs, but Cleopatra, she was not Egyptian, she should be considered Macedonian, because of what? She was one of the pharaohs of the Ptolemaic period, or the last pharaoh of the Ptolemaic period. So who was the Ptolemaic dynasty?

It was Alexander who died, and his subordinates divided the world, and Ptolemy's ministry came to Egypt and occupied Egypt, and Egypt became his kingdom, his base, and he ruled Egypt, which was the Ptolemaic period of Egypt.

I hope my answer will help you. Pharaonic Egypt went through 31 dynasties, according to Maneto's History of Egypt, but there are also differences between Maneto's account and what is later known.

It should also be noted here that the famous Cleopatra did not belong to the 31st Dynasty of Pharaonic Egypt, which was destroyed in 343 BC by Alexander of Macedon, and later fell under Roman control.

The de facto last pharaoh of Egypt was Cleopatra VII (Cleopatra) from 44 to 30 BC, who shared the throne with her son Ptolemy XV. After Cleopatra's death, Egypt became a Roman province ruled by the Roman emperors.

In some cases, the Roman emperor could also enjoy the title of pharaoh of Egypt, especially if he was also in Egypt. But there were at least a few Egyptians who were included in the list of Roman emperors as pharaohs of Egypt for 280 years, ending with the Roman Emperor Decius, who was Roman emperor in 249 251 AD.

However, the usual answer to the last pharaoh of Egypt was Cleopatra.