How to achieve reasonable dense planting? What is the role of reasonable dense intercropping?

Determining a reasonable planting density should be considered from many aspects:

1) Variety (combination) characteristics of rice.

For dwarf varieties, the plant type is compact, fertilizer tolerant and lodging resistant, the leaves are straight, and the group has good light transmission (combination), which can be planted more densely; The plant type is loose, the leaves are soft, or tillered.

Strong varieties (combinations) should be planted more thinly. Hybrid rice in general.

One of the manifestations of heterosis is that the tillering power is strong, and it should be thinner than that of conventional rice cuttings. Indica rice has a better tillering power than japonica rice.

strong, should be planted thinly.

2) Reproductive period.

Generally, the growth period, especially in the field, is short, the tillering time is also short, and the tillering into ears is less, so the cuttings should be denser, and the planting is sparse.

3) Cultivation conditions.

Generally, when the soil fertility is higher and more fertilization is more, it should be planted more thinly, and on the contrary, the planting should be denser. Until now, the optimal combination of yield components has only been determined by a large number of production practices, i.e. by some experimental practice data. With the renewal of varieties (combinations) and the progress of cultivation technology, the optimal combination of yield components will also change to a certain extent, and the basic number of seedlings planted in different types of varieties is different.

At present, the basic seedlings of several rice crops are about: 450,000 holes per hectare of double-cropping early rice, 6 7 tillers (i.e., including tillering seedlings, the same below) are planted in each hole, and the basic seedlings are about 3 million; 450,000 holes were planted per hectare for double-cropping late rice, 5 6 tillers were planted per hole, and 2.2528 million basic seedlings were planted; Single-season rice is planted with 10,000 holes per hectare, about 4 tillers per hole, and about 1.2 million basic seedlings; Varieties or combinations of extra-large spike type (more than 200 grains per panicle) are planted with 180,000 holes per hectare, about 4 tillers per hole, and about 900,000 basic seedlings.

Reasonable dense planting refers to determining the appropriate planting density according to different conditions such as variety characteristics, climatic conditions, soil fertility, and production conditions. When determining the suitable density, it is necessary to determine the appropriate density range according to the characteristics of the variety, and then determine whether to use the upper or lower limit of the suitable density range according to the specific production conditions. Generally speaking, flat varieties are suitable for sparse planting, and compact varieties are suitable for dense planting. Varieties with long growth period are suitable for sparse planting, and varieties with short growth period are suitable for dense planting. Large spike varieties are suitable for sparse planting, and small spikelet varieties are suitable for dense planting. Tall stalk varieties are suitable for sparse planting, and dwarf stalk varieties are suitable for dense planting. Thin land is suitable for sparse planting, and fertile land is suitable for dense planting; Dry land is suitable for sparse planting, and irrigated land is suitable for dense planting.

The above principles should be flexibly grasped according to local conditions and specific conditions.

According to the characteristics of the cultivated varieties and the description of the key points of cultivation technology, reasonable dense planting, varieties with large leaves, vigorous growth and many branches, the density is appropriately smaller; Varieties with relatively small leaves and few branches should have a higher density. The general cultivation density is about 3000 4000 plants per mu. Each furrow has 2 rows, the small row spacing is 40 50 cm, the large row spacing is 70 80 cm, and the general plant spacing is 25 28 cm.

The planting density of adzuki beans is related to factors such as variety characteristics, climatic conditions, soil fertility, early and late sowing and seedling retention methods. It should be mastered that early-maturing seeds are dense, and late-maturing seeds are scarce; sown sparsely in spring and dense in summer; The principle of sparse fertile land and dense dry land. Under general cultivation conditions, 10,000 hectares of plants are suitable in North China and 150,000 hectares in Northeast China.

For spring-sown medium-ripening varieties, the row spacing is 70 to 80 cm, and the plant spacing is about 15 cm. Summer-sown early-maturing varieties with row spacing of 50 to 60 cm and plant spacing of about 15 cm. Barren summer sowing early-maturing varieties with row spacing of 40 to 50 cm and plant spacing of about 10 cm.

Chinese cabbage has strict requirements for density, and the density involves the yield of a single plant and a group, often with small density, high yield per plant and low yield per mu, on the contrary, with high density, low yield per plant and high yield per mu. There are many types and varieties of Chinese cabbage, and the size of leaf bulbs varies greatly, generally speaking, the number of plants per mu is 2500 5000 for early-maturing varieties and 1800 2000 plants for large varieties. At present, small cabbage varieties are generally 6000 8000 plants per mu, while baby cabbage varieties are generally 10000 12000 plants per mu.

Intercropping: with photosynthesis.

The relevant principle is that yang plants and yin plants have different light requirements, so as to reasonably match and increase yield.

Application of farm fertilizer: on the one hand, after being decomposed by microorganisms, farm fertilizer can provide various mineral elements necessary for the growth of crops; On the other hand, after being decomposed by microorganisms, it can also increase the local carbon dioxide content, thereby increasing production.

The effect of reasonable dense planting is to increase the yield per unit area. Its main function is to give full play to the efficiency of soil, fertilizer, water, light, gas and heat, and to make the individual develop robustly and the group grow in harmony by adjusting the relationship between individuals and groups within the unit area of crops, so as to achieve the purpose of high yield. Reasonable dense planting means that in the unit area, the density of crops or trees should be appropriate, and the row spacing should be reasonable.

It is generally expressed in terms of the number of plants per mu. The number of plant spacing and row spacing is reasonable, and it must be determined according to natural conditions, the type of crop, the characteristics of the variety, and the level of tillage and fertilization and other cultivation techniques. Reasonable dense planting is an important measure to increase crop yield.

The principle of reasonable dense plantingplots with high fertility, flat terrain and deep soil layer, appropriately increase planting density; For plots with low fertility and thinner soil layer, the planting density should be appropriately reduced. Crops with tall plants, wide leaves, and high water and fertilizer requirements should appropriately reduce the planting density; Crops with low plants, narrow leaves, and low water and fertilizer requirements should be planted at an appropriate height.

The main purpose of reasonable dense planting is to allow crops to better absorb sunlight and water, and when the planting density is reasonable, the agricultural crops can absorb nutrients and heat in the soil more evenly, and can also achieve high yield in the later stage. Different cities have different soil quality and temperatures, and usually the characteristics and varieties of crops are adjusted to adjust the row spacing ridge pattern.

When planting crops, you often hear the word reasonable dense planting, what is the purpose of reasonable dense planting, the purpose of reasonable dense planting is to make crops better absorb sunlight and water, if the planting density is unreasonable, some plants can not get sun, there will be malnutrition, emaciation.

When the situation is serious, the yield of the plant will be greatly reduced, and when the planting density is reasonable, the crop can absorb the nutrients and heat in the soil more evenly, and the effect of high yield can be achieved in the later stage. Reasonable dense planting usually refers to planting crops that can make full use of the soil, or make crops grow better.

Reasonable dense planting to control the planting of row spacing and plant spacing, usually can be planted according to the characteristics and varieties of crops to adjust the row spacing, planting can also be according to the soil quality to control the row spacing, different urban soil quality and temperature is not the same, so the density of planting is also different.

In North China, it is best to control the row spacing at 35 40 cm and the plant spacing at 16 20 cm. Planting crops in Northeast China can control the row spacing at 53 66 cm and the plant spacing at 13 20 cm. If the soil nutrients for planting are insufficient, the row spacing and plant spacing can be appropriately reduced.

<> principle of reasonable dense planting is to use appropriate dense planting methods to allow plants to make full use of light energy through photosynthesis, so as to improve their photosynthetic efficiency and yield. Reasonable dense planting is an effective way to increase the yield per unit area, and its main role is that it can give full play to the efficiency of soil, fertilizer, water, light, gas and heat, and then adjust the relationship between individuals and groups in the unit area of crops, so that the individual development is robust, the group growth is coordinated, and finally the purpose of high yield is achieved.

Planting density is closely related to yield. The so-called reasonable dense planting refers to the correct handling of the relationship between the individual and the group under the specific conditions of the local area and the time, so that the group can get the most out of it.

To the maximum extent, the individual is also fully developed; Make full use of light energy and land power per unit area; Under the same cultivation conditions, the best economic benefits can be obtained. Therefore, the appropriate density is not static, and it cannot simply be said that the land is fertile.

Thin and thin ground should be dense, and the following factors should be considered.

Varietal characteristicsThe plant shape and growth of soybean varieties are different, and the response to density is very different. Varieties with tall and vigorous plants are sparse; On the contrary, the plant shape is tight.

Varieties with a high pod-setting rate of the main stem, especially the early-maturing varieties, should be appropriately denser.

2 Soil fertility levelWhen the soil fertility and fertilization level are high, the individual soybean plant growth is also flourishing, the individual production potential can be fully developed, and the density is thinner.

in high fat strips. Under the piece, over-dense planting, the rapid direction makes the branches and leaves very closed, due to the deterioration of the light conditions between the plants, often resulting in overgrowth, lodging and yield reduction. When the soil fertility is poor, the productivity of a single plant is low, so it is necessary to give full play to the role of increasing the yield of the population density.

Fertile land should be sparse, and thin land should be dense.

It is a principle that determines the density of soybeans.

3。When the cultivation method adopts mechanized cultivation management, the cultivation density is different from that managed by manual and animal power.

Increasing the sowing density can significantly increase the height of the bottom pod, and the branches are less than the pants, which is convenient for mechanical harvesting. When using the narrow row seeding method, the density can be slightly increased. Big.

When intercropping beans and corn, the density of soybeans should be thinner.