Why can t biological parents give blood transfusions to their children?

When a patient loses a lot of blood, blood transfusion becomes the main means. Blood transfusions have been explored for centuries. From blood transfusions between animals, to animals and people, and then between people, there are cases where parents can't even give blood transfusions to their own children.

History of human blood transfusion

In the past, knowledge of blood was very shallow. In ancient Roman times, people believed that there was some mysterious power in the blood, and that drinking it would make it stronger, so people rushed to drink the blood of the dying. In the Middle Ages, people thought that some diseases were usually hidden in the blood, so they came up with a method called "bloodletting", but the disease was not cured, but people went to heaven early.

Blood transfusions in the actual sense first began in the 17th century. Year 1616. William Harvey, a famous British physiologist and doctor at that time, discovered for the first time that the human body's blood is constantly circulating.

The law of blood circulation has laid the foundation for the development of physiological science. In addition, he discovered that the heart is an important organ that allows blood to circulate.

Soon after, in 1665, Richard Lowe, a member of the Royal Society, conducted the first experiments with blood transfusions between animals. He prepared two dogs in advance, numbered A and B. First, A is bled out, and when A is dying, the bloodletting is stopped, and A is connected to B with a goose feather tube, so that B can transfuse A.

At the end of the experiment, a miracle happened, and the dog, which was supposed to die, became refreshed.

After the successful blood transfusion experiment between animals, people wondered if the blood of the animals could be transfused to humans. At first, no one dared to try it, until 1667, when a Frenchman named Jean-Baptiste Denis dared to do it. Why did he dare to do it, because he was the imperial physician of Louis XIV of France, and he was very powerful.

The first subject of the royal physician was a 15-year-old boy to whom Denis transfused 9 ounces of sheep's blood, and in the end, the boy miraculously survived. The second test subject was not so lucky, as Denis transfused the blood of a cow to him, and as a result, the child went to God, and the child's parents took Denis to court. Eventually, the British and French parliaments passed a resolution not allowing experiments on blood transfusions between animals and humans, and research on blood transfusions was halted for 150 years.

In 1817, the British obstetrician and gynecologist Brundley conducted another blood transfusion experiment. At that time, death was inevitable as long as the mother had postpartum hemorrhage. Blood transfusions are the most effective way to solve this problem.

His initial idea was for his husband to give blood transfusions to his wives, but it was unknown whether blood could be transfused between people at the time. Postpartum hemorrhage is a death, and it can only be "a dead horse as a live horse doctor". So, he found 10 women with postpartum hemorrhage, two of whom died before they could be rescued, and the remaining 8 women survived through their husbands' blood transfusions.

Brundley reduced the mortality rate from 100% to 50% for postpartum hemorrhage, which was a historic breakthrough. The only regret is that he did not understand why the other four women died, and this involves the question of blood type.

No, then you're afraid that you brought a green hat to the old king next door, and the blood of the biological parents is generally matched.

Because the blood of the immediate family is incompatible, it is not easy to circulate after being transfused.

Because there will be a strong reaction between the blood, if the blood is forcibly transfused, it will cause great harm.

It is not necessarily that the biological parents cannot give blood transfusions to their children, only the blood type can be transfused.

There is no such statement. If it is the biological parents, then the blood type must be the same and blood transfusions can be used.

No, usually if blood is needed, the father should be the first choice.

This is fake, as long as the blood type is correct, blood transfusions can be performed.

The risk of graft-versus-host disease after blood transfusion between relatives (eg, parents and children) is much greater than that of non-family transfusions. This is when the human leukocyte antigen haplotype of the donor and recipient's blood is the same, which interferes with the recipient's immune system. The guards of the recipient's immune system will treat the donor's lymphocytes as their own and do not attack them.

As a result, the donor's lymphocytes are able to multiply in the recipient's body, thus becoming the dominant player. At this time, the disturbed immune system will attack the lymphocytes of the recipient as invaders, so that the tissue antigens of the recipient will produce an immune response, thereby destroying a large number of cells of the digestive system and hematopoietic system, causing a very high mortality rate of graft-versus-host disease, which has a sudden onset, rapid progression, serious disease, and sometimes the doctor does not even have time to make a diagnosis, the patient has died, and the harm is far worse than AIDS.

This should be a special case, and most of them should be able to be transfused.

Blood transfusions between immediate family members are not possible because blood related blood relatives are more likely to develop transfusion-related graft-versus-host disease than blood transfusions between non-relatives.

Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease refers to the transfusion of immunocompetent allogeneic lymphocytes into blood products into recipients with severe immunodeficiency, where they migrate and proliferate, causing an immune response that severely attacks and destroys cells and tissues in the host. This type of disease is a very rare and serious adverse reaction to blood transfusion, and the incidence is very low, but blood transfusion between close relatives who are related by blood is more likely to occur such disease, so blood transfusion between immediate family members is generally not recommended.

Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease is most common in clinical practice with fever and rash, with blisters and ** exfoliation, similar to the adverse reactions of drugs and radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Patients are more likely to be immunosuppressed**, and high-dose adrenocorticosteroids, anti-lymphocyte or antithymocyte globulin, and other immunosuppressants such as cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine, and monoclonal antibodies should be used as prescribed**.

: Blood transfusions of close relatives are more dangerous than using the blood of outsiders. Inbred blood transfusion will cause graft-versus-host disease, and patients with the onset of the disease will have symptoms such as fever, rash, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, jaundice or blood in the stool after 1 or 2 weeks of blood transfusion, and pancytopenia and liver, kidney and other organ failure may occur, and the disease is extremely difficult, with a mortality rate of up to 99.

Once an infection occurs, there is almost no cure. Blood transfusions between relatives, especially parents and children, are much more likely to develop the disease than non-relatives, mainly due to the haplogenes of the donor's histocompatibility antigen. The phenomenon of blood transfusion between close relatives usually occurs when an emergency blood transfusion is required, and the person concerned believes that as long as the blood type of the donor and recipient are the same, they also mistakenly believe that it is safer and more reliable to use the blood of relatives, but they do not know that tragedy may occur because of this.

Fifty-seven such cases have been confirmed in Japan, all of which died due to blood transfusions from close relatives.

Legal analysis: You can't give blood transfusion to your children directly, you have to see if the blood type matches, and you have to do three tests before blood transfusion. Direct blood transfusions are now not allowed in hospitals.

Legal basis: Article 6 of the Insurance Law of the People's Republic of China The State implements strict supervision over social insurance. and the people of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government to establish and improve the supervision and management system of social insurance to ensure the safe and effective operation of social insurance.

The people's sedan group at or above the county level shall take measures to encourage and support all sectors of society to participate in the supervision of social insurance.

When the composition of the patient's blood and the transfused blood are similar, the patient lacks the ability to identify foreign substances due to immune deficiency or inhibition due to diseases and other reasons, and mistakes the foreign blood for his own blood after blood transfusion, and does not reject it.

Compared with plasma, serum lacks fibrinogen and a small amount of other plasma proteins involved in blood clotting, with a small amount of substances released by platelets during blood clotting. Hemolysis occurs during blood transfusion due to the presence of antibodies to the red blood cell membrane in the plasma.

When the parents have a more serious medical condition, such as heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, etc., it is not possible.

(3:00-5:00):

This is the beginning of the day's yang. Many elderly people are also most likely to wake up during this time period, which has a lot to do with the lack of qi and blood. Even if you can't sleep after waking up, don't rush to get up, you can move your hands and feet in the bed first.

**It is the organ with the largest surface area of the body, and in traditional Chinese medicine, it is said that the lungs are the main fur, and the health of the lungs determines the health of the lungs to a certain extent.

The lungs are the main fur, and whether the operation of "qi" in the human body is smooth or not often determines the state of **. If the qi is stagnant and the air is congested, it will be realized as ** texture congestion, acne and other effects on appearance spots will spring up like mushrooms after a rain; We often say that "qi follows the blood", whether the qi is smooth or not, is manifested in the **, so skin care must first regulate the qi.

The scenes of parents competing for blood transfusions for their children in film and television dramas are almost impossible to happen in reality. Doctors do not recommend direct blood transfusion between immediate family members, which can easily cause transfusion-related anti-host disease, and once it occurs, the mortality rate is more than 90%. Before giving birth, it is not recommended that husbands give blood transfusions to their wives, otherwise it may cause neonatal hemolytic disease.

Lineal blood relatives may not be of the same blood type.

They are like sisters and brothers who can't get married, and the children born like that will have problems

Direct blood relatives also have different blood types, so it is very likely that they will not be able to give blood transfusions to their relatives or children.

OK. But beware:

1. The blood type is the same, because even parents may be different, anyway, it is safe to check and not troublesome, of course, if the child is type O blood, you can transfuse, you don't need to check, if the adult is AB blood, you don't need to check. Also, the child must be at least 18 years old.

2. Blood transfusions between immediate family members are not advocated now, because it will cause a disease called "graft-versus-host disease".

Of course, the probability of occurrence of the disease is extremely rare, but once it occurs, the mortality caused by it is almost 100%.

You have to see that the blood type is the same, because even parents may be different, anyway, it is safe to check, and it is not troublesome, of course, if the child is type O blood, you can transfuse, you don't need to check, if the adult is AB blood type, you don't need to check. Also, the child must be at least 18 years old.

Blood transfusions between immediate family members are now discouraged because they can cause a condition called graft-versus-host disease

Of course, the probability of occurrence of the disease is extremely rare, but once it occurs, the mortality caused by it is almost 100%.

If you do ask for a transfusion, you may need to go to your local central blood station to sign an agreement.

Yes, but there is a requirement for the age of the child.

In film and television dramas, it is often seen that relatives donate blood directly to the tear-jerking scene. In fact, this kind of thing is simply impossible to happen in reality. First of all, it needs to be clear that blood collection and production of blood products are unified by blood stations in China, and hospitals do not have the qualifications and capabilities to collect and produce blood products.

Even if the hospital can collect blood, it is not whole blood, but blood products.

At present, after the formal collection of blood, it will go through testing, centrifugation, packaging and other links, and it will be used to make component blood, including red blood cell suspension, fresh frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate, coagulation factors, etc. Whole blood transfusion has many disadvantages, not only wasteful, but also prone to allergies, rejection and even death, and other serious consequences, which have long been eliminated by modern medicine.

Therefore, under no circumstances will the freshly drawn blood be given to anyone. If the required blood type is sufficient in the blood bank, the doctor will first draw three tubes of blood for blood combination, which are blood group identification, transfusion compatibility testing, and cross-blood combination. According to the needs of the condition, the urgency of blood transfusion is classified as normal, urgent and urgent.

The ordinary level will do all the relevant tests that are needed, and the emergency is to only determine the blood type, directly transfuse the same type of blood, and skip some tests urgently.

Then, the doctor will call ** to contact the blood bank to collect blood. If the blood bank is insufficient, then only relatives of the same blood type can donate blood and have a certificate of blood donation to get blood first.

Generally, the blood from the blood bank is used, and the treatment is relatively clean.

China's "Blood Donation Law" stipulates that in order to ensure emergency use of blood, medical institutions may temporarily collect blood, but shall ensure the safety of blood collection and use in accordance with the provisions of the law.

The Ministry of Health has three uniform principles that stipulate that blood may be collected at health facilities when the following conditions are met:

1. Medical institutions in remote areas and local bloodless banks (or central blood banks);

2. Critically ill patients are in urgent need of blood transfusion, which cannot be replaced by other medical measures;

3. Have the conditions for cross-matching blood and rapid diagnostic methods to detect hepatitis B virus surface antigen, hepatitis C virus antibody, and HIV antibody.

If there is matching blood ** in the blood transfusion station, the hospital is not allowed to collect blood for clinical use. In the movie, it seems that they are all extremely lacking in blood type.

However, after unpaid blood donation, there will be preferential blood transfusion for immediate family members, but it depends on the specific local policies, some are free of charge, and some are half price.