What does black hole, quark, relativity mean in a nutshell 5

Black hole: A celestial body formed by the collapse of a supermassive star, which is infinitely small in size, infinitely dense, and gravitationally so great that light cannot escape.

Quarks: The more basic particle units that make up the neutrons and protons.

Theory of relativity: The basic theory of space-time and gravity founded by Albert Einstein can be divided into two categories: narrow and broad, according to different research objects.

Black holes are extremely dense mass objects, we know that the earth's detachment velocity is, and the denser the mass of the celestial body, the greater the detachment velocity, once the detachment speed exceeds the speed of light, nothing can escape--- so it can't be seen, it's called a black hole (singularity and the like are not explained).

Quarks are the most basic ions, protons and the like are produced by quarks, and the charge of quarks is fractions (1 3 and so on) Unlike electrons, protons are integers.

The theory of relativity, which means the relative meaning of time and space (including the invariance of the speed of light is its basis) means that the speed of an object is so fast that it is beyond the scope that Newtonian mechanics can explain: roughly speaking, the faster the speed, the greater the mass of the object, the shorter the object will be on the axis of velocity, and the time experienced by the object will be slower than that of the outside world (for example, if you have circled the Earth in a spaceship traveling close to the speed of light, it may have been several years since the Earth).

The theory of relativity also states that anything with mass cannot exceed the speed of light (photons have no mass at rest) including the neutrino faster-than-light experiment the year before, which turned out to exceed the speed of light, and last year it was confirmed that the experiment was wrong.

Let me give you a detailed explanation.

A black hole is formed by the collapse of a star with a mass 30 times that of the Sun, and is a supermassive star collapse product, and because of its supermassive mass, any "thing" that approaches it, even light, cannot escape from its gravitational field, which is the origin of the name of the black hole.

Quarks are the smallest unit of matter, i.e., quarks are indivisible. Splitting quarks can only obtain energy, and even quarks themselves have strong energy properties, and some scientists still believe that quarks are energy bodies rather than matter. All neutrons are made up of three quarks, and antineutrons are made up of three corresponding antiquarks, such as protons and neutrons.

Protons are made up of two upper quarks and one lower quark, and neutrons are made up of two lower quarks and one upper quark.

Finally, I will give you what the theory of relativity is, and whoever wrote this boring thing is estimated to be known to everyone on the earth, so I will tell you how to understand it.

A "problem of absolute motion" is solved in classical physics, where there is neither absolute rest, but only absolute motion.

The theory of relativity solves a "problem of absolute time", there is no absolute time, each event has its own time, and the time of the event itself is related to its mass, the greater the mass, the slower its time passes, according to e=mc, we can know that the mass of an object is related to its own velocity, the closer to the speed of light moving the object will have more mass, and the more massive the object will have slower time. This is the theoretical basis for our time travel, that is, if we travel at close to the speed of light, then our mass will become infinite, and our time will be infinitely slower than the time of the earth, and after a short time of 1 minute of light speed travel, the earth may have been in orbit for 1 year.

These are the meaning of "relative" in the theory of relativity, time is not absolute, it is relative.

A quark is a unit smaller than an atom. The theory of relativity, i.e., time and space are relative. A black hole is a massive celestial body that can absorb light by gravity. The answer is simpler. But that's basically what it means.

The black hole mentioned in general relativity has two assumptions:

1 Light is a particle, and when subjected to a huge gravitational pull, the speed of light is not fast enough to escape.

2 There is a force in the universe that causes collapse and the corresponding repulsion force that can cause matter to collapse to a certain density without continuing to collapse.

If light is treated as an ordinary mechanical wave, any rapid absorption can become a black hole. From the implementation point of view, it is more concise.

In this way, black holes are also allowed on Earth, but not for long.

Rapid absorption of light is a condition for the formation of black holes.

What does general relativity say about black holes?

The basic assumption of the theory of relativity is the principle of relativity, that is, the laws of physics and the choice of frame of reference, the non-massive object distorts space-time and changes the direction of travel of the object.

Close. The difference between special relativity and general relativity is that the former deals with the laws of physics between frames of reference (inertial frames of reference) that move in a uniform linear line, while the latter generalizes to frames of reference with acceleration (non-inertial frames) and is widely used in gravitational fields under the assumption of equivalence. The theory of relativity and quantum mechanics are the two fundamental pillars of modern physics.

Classical mechanics, which is the foundation of classical physics, is not applicable to objects moving at high speed and in the microscopic realm. The theory of relativity solves the problem of high-speed motion; Quantum mechanics solves problems under microscopic subatomic conditions. The theory of relativity subverts the "common sense" concept of the universe and nature, and proposes new concepts such as "relativity of time and space", "four-dimensional space-time", and "curved space".

The special theory of relativity was proposed in 1905, and the general theory of relativity was proposed in 1915 [Einstein completed the creation of the general theory of relativity at the end of 1915 and officially published the relevant ** in early 1916]. Since Newton's laws pose a difficulty to the special theory of relativity, i.e., any object in any position in space is subject to force. Therefore, there are no inertial observers in the entire universe.

In order to solve this problem, Einstein proposed the general theory of relativity. The most well-known corollary of special relativity is the mass-energy formula, which states that mass increases with increasing energy. It can also be used to explain the enormous energy released by nuclear reactions, but it is not what led to the creation of the atomic bomb.

Gravitational lensing and black holes, predicted by general relativity, are consistent with some astronomical observations.

1. Wrong, falling into a black hole cannot see the future of the universe, which is caused by the application of the two motion situations of "falling" and "staying". For an outside observer, the sight of a person who falls into a black hole will be slowed down by a redshift, like the closer you get to a black hole, the slower it becomes, but after all, this is just a photo of that person before falling into a black hole, and he has already entered it, so it is impossible to see the future of the universe.

It's very simple, he went in today, and we will send a signal tomorrow to ask him if he is okay over there, and he must not make any reply, because he is long gone, even if we still see his likeness. So he can't see any vision of the future of the universe at all.

Staying near a black hole is different, in his opinion, the entire universe is blueshifted, the outside world changes much faster than himself, he can naturally see the distant future of the universe in a short time, he is like a time machine, when he leaves the black hole, the outside world has passed a long time.

2. No, the gravitational change inside the star is different from the outside, the inner gravity is actually lower, and the gravitational force is 0 when it reaches the center of the star, but of course, the pressure is not 0, and it is huge.

As for the gravitational effect of other stars, in fact, it has only a small effect on the shape of the stars, and the influence of solid planets is even less, so there is no evidence to prove that the geological movement is related to other celestial bodies, and it should always be the internal cause of the stars.

From the perspective of general relativity, it should be like this: black holes are too dense, causing space-time to bend, so they have a super gravitational pull.

The mass of a black hole is not necessarily great, but the entity of a black hole is just a point. This point is not as simple as clicking a dot on paper. No matter how small the point we are talking about, it can be measured.

But a point in physics is just a point, there is no size. Density is equal to mass divided by volume. Although the mass of a black hole is not necessarily large, its volume tends to zero infinitely, so its density tends to infinitely tend to infinity.

The thing that fell into the black hole has nothing to do with the current plane......

There is no necessary relationship.

There is no causal relationship.

The theory of relativity cannot explain the formation of black holes.

You can refer to black holes and the theory of relativity.

The special theory of relativity is the mechanics and electrodynamics of the Lorentz covariance, and the mathematical basis is the Lorentz transform of the relationship between the reaction coordinates in two inertial frames, which is actually a special case of general relativity with the background space-time of Min's space-time.

A black hole is a concept in general relativity that corresponds to a special class of space-time: there is an event horizon, which divides the whole space-time into two sets, one is the set of events that can be seen by the observer, and the other is the set of events that cannot be seen by the observer. Generally, the event horizon is used as the boundary of a black hole.

As the simplest Schwarzschild black hole, its event horizon is a two-dimensional sphere and a direct product of the set of real numbers: s2 r, which spatially corresponds to a sphere with a radius of r=2m.

In layman's terms, a black hole is a star with a radius smaller than its Schwarzschild radius, and its gravitational pull is so strong that light cannot break away from it, so it is black from the outside world, hence the name. A typical black hole is the remnants of a massive star (more than 30 times the mass of the Sun) left behind by a supernova explosion in the late stage, known as a stellar black hole. In addition, it is generally believed that most galaxies are black holes at the center of galaxies, called supermassive black holes at the center of galaxies.

There are also miniature black holes, which are considered to be microscopic black holes born at extremely high energy densities at the beginning of the universe.

From Einstein's theory of general relativity, it can be inferred that a star that has completely stopped a thermonuclear reaction will not be able to resist gravity and will continue to collapse: it will become a white dwarf first; Pulsars are formed when electrons enter protons; If the mass of the original star exceeds that of the Sun by three times, this collapse will continue, and all the matter will concentrate on a "singularity" that has no size, forming what is often referred to as a "black hole".