What does the Ming Dynasty s Two Capitals and Thirteen Political Envoys mean?

This was an administrative division of the Ming Dynasty. The "two capitals" are Nanjing and Beijing, and the "Thirteen Political Envoys" are the thirteen provinces of the Ming Dynasty. There was once the fourteenth "political envoy of the Ming Dynasty" - Jiaozhi Cheng announced the political envoy division, Ming Xuanzong.

After abandoning Vietnam, the "Thirteen Political Envoys" were finally established. In addition to Vietnam, the Ming Dynasty was once in Indochina.

Set up the "Three Xuan Six Lieutenants" on the island of Sumatra.

Establishment of the Palembang Propaganda Division, etc.

The Ming Dynasty just inherited the provincial system of the Yuan Dynasty, and in the ninth year of Hongwu, the province was changed to "Cheng Xuan Political Envoy Division", which was divided into a prefecture and a prefecture. Later, it was divided into the "Metropolitan Command and Envoy Division", the "Undertaking and Announcement of Political Envoys" and the "Punishment and Prosecution Division" to be in charge of the military, politics, and justice of each province. Later, it was gradually replaced by the governor system.

The Ming Dynasty once established fifteen provincial-level administrative regions throughout the country.

They are North Zhili, South Zhili, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Zhejiang, Shandong, Henan, Jiangxi, Huguang, Sichuan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou and Yunnan. As we all know, at the beginning of Ming Taizu.

The capital is Yingtianfu in Nanjing, with today's Anhui Province, Jiangsu Province and Shanghai City as the "Southern Zhili". Ming Chengzu "Jing difficult change."

After seizing the throne, although the capital was moved to Beijing, Nanjing was still respected as the "remaining capital", and a complete set of administrative systems were retained, which was the "two capitals" of the Ming Dynasty.

In addition, the Ming Dynasty also had 16 capital divisions, 5 Xingdu divisions and two left-behind divisions, in addition to 13 of the 16 capital divisions with the same name as the political envoys, and three were Wanquan, Daning and Liaodong capital divisions. In Fengyang, Anhui Province.

The Zhongdu Left-behind Division and the Rising Capital Left-behind Division of Hubei Zhongxiang. There are also Nuer Gandu Division in the northeast, Qinghai-Tibet.

There are Uszangdusi and Duogandusi.

However, with the decline of the Ming Dynasty, Nuer Gandu Division, Duogandu Division, and Wusi Zangdu Division all existed in name only. However, the two capitals and thirteen divisions were basically preserved, forming the so-called inland provinces later. During the Qing Dynasty, Nanzhili was split into Jiangsu and Anhui, and Huguang was split into Hunan and Hubei.

This is a special term for the administrative division of the Ming Dynasty. The two capitals are Nanjing and Beijing, and the thirteen are the 13 provinces of the Ming Dynasty, which were divided on the basis of the provinces of the Yuan Dynasty.

Chengxuan Political Envoy Division, formerly known as the Yuan Dynasty's Xingzhongshu Province. During the Ming Dynasty, the Cheng Xuan Political Envoy Department was a national first-level administrative region, and its chief executive was the Cheng Xuan Political Envoy, referred to as the Political Envoy Division, the Political Division, and the Domain Division, which was not called a "province" and was responsible for the civil affairs of the first-level administrative region.

The full name of the Ming Dynasty's political envoy is the local administrative region of the country, which was formerly known as the Yuan Dynasty's Xingzhongshu Province (Xing Province) system, and is in charge of the civil affairs of a province, and the political envoy is equivalent to today's governor.

Chief Executive: The name of an ancient institution. The full name is the Department of Political Envoys, and the chief is the political envoy. In charge of a province's civil affairs, land endowment, and household registration. The sentence was raised according to the Prosecutor's Department (referred to as the Prosecutor's Division, equivalent to the Department of Justice), and the chief was the Prosecutor's Envoy (equivalent to the Director of the Bureau of Justice, who was in charge of the assassination history at that time.

In the ninth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1376), the province of Xingzhongshu was abolished, and then it was successively divided into thirteen political envoys, and the national government, prefecture and county were subordinated, and each department set up one person on the left and right "political envoys", and the chief executive of the province was the same as the envoy. After Xuande, due to military needs, special governors, governors and other officials were set up, all of which were higher than those of political envoys. Since the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, he has been officially designated as a subordinate official of the governor and fu, who is in charge of the financial resources and personnel of a province, and is called the two divisions together with the inspector who is in charge of the criminal name.

Full name: Cheng Xuan Political Envoy Division.

Abbreviation: Chief Secretary.

Its chief is a political envoy.

The official product of the political secretary is the second grade, which is mainly in charge of the civil affairs, land endowment, and household registration of a province.

At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the chief secretary was the highest level in charge of administration at the local level, but his powers were limited to administrative and financial affairs, and the rest of the military and judicial aspects were respectively in the hands of the procuratorial department and the superintendent and command department, in order to achieve the effect of the three powers.

In the Ming Dynasty, the jurisdiction of the declared political envoy was a national first-level administrative region, referred to as "the political envoy department", "the political envoy department", and "the domain division", not called the "province". In the official documents, the term "province" of the Yuan Dynasty was avoided, so the word "etc." was added under the place name. There shall be one political envoy on the left and one on the right, that is, the highest chief executive of the first-level administrative region.

The criminal name and military affairs of a province are respectively under the jurisdiction of the Procuratorial Envoy Division and the Metropolitan Command Envoy Division. The Chief Executive, the Judicial Division, and the Metropolitan Division are collectively referred to as the "Three Divisions", all of which are the highest organs of provincial-level administrative regions; The heads of the three divisions have the same rank and the same rank, from the second rank.

The political envoy became a subordinate official of the governor, and was in charge of the civil affairs, finance, land, household registration, money and grain, assessment, communication between the governor and the prefectures and counties of a province or several prefectures.

After Zhu Yuanzhang captured Jiqing, he led Jiangnan Xingzhongshu Province; In the fourth year of the Han Song Dynasty (1358), the province of Zhongshu was set up in Wuzhou, and then every place conquered was set up as a province.

In the ninth year of Hongwu (1376), the local administrative divisions were changed, and the provinces of Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Beiping, Guangxi, Sichuan, Shandong, Guangdong, Henan, Shaanxi, Huguang, and Shanxi were changed to the Department of Political Envoys. Left and right to participate in politics, from the second grade; The Provincial Left and Right Division was changed to the Experience Division. The functions and powers of the original Zhongshu Province have been divided into three, and the Political Envoy Department is responsible for civil affairs. The meaning of the political envoy is taken from "the imperial court has virtue, prohibition, and the propaganda of the inheritance, and the following is in the division".

Since then, the Department of Undertaking and Constitutional Affairs has replaced the province and become an administrative division at the local level. Nanjing (South Zhili) does not have a political envoy department, which is directly governed by Zhongshu Province, so it is called "Zhili".

The political envoy of the Ming Dynasty was the chief executive, and the political envoy of the Qing Dynasty was a second-rank official.

At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, along the Yuan system, the province of Chinese books was placed in various places. In the ninth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1376 AD), the province of Xingzhongshu was abolished, and then it was successively divided into thirteen political envoys, and the national government, prefecture and county were subordinated, and each division set up one person for each of the left and right "political envoys" (from the second grade official), and the chief executive of the province was the same as the envoy.

In the Qing Dynasty, the chief executive of a province was the governor, and the political envoy (from the second rank official) was the governor's subordinates, slightly like the vice governor and the director of the civil affairs department in modern times.

For this question, the geography that focuses on geographical knowledge and travel information - geography answers, will briefly introduce it to you.

After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, it followed the provincial system of the Yuan Dynasty. However, the Ming Dynasty was worried that the province would have too much power, so it followed the Song Dynasty's "separate road" system and dispersed the power of a province in three different elbows: the command of the envoy, the political envoy, and the inspection envoy before the punishment and search, so as to check and balance the locality.

The Ming Dynasty first set up the Metropolitan Command Department in the eighth year of Hongwu of Taizu of the Ming Dynasty, as the highest military institution of the province, in charge of the military and political affairs of one side, under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of War, referred to as the Metropolitan Division. In the following year, the name of the province was changed to the Department of Undertaking and Declaration, which was only responsible for the civil affairs of a province. Although the area under the jurisdiction of the political envoy is no longer called the province, people are still accustomed to calling the political envoy the province or province for short.

The Sentencing Department is responsible for supervising the prison and prison in a locality, and is the highest judicial body in a province.

The command of the envoy department, the political envoy department, and the reminder of the inspection and envoy department are collectively referred to as the three divisions of "capital, cloth, and press". The powers of the three or four are independent, the superintendent and the command of the envoy are subordinate to the command of the military department, and the political envoy is related to the six departments and the Metropolitan Procuratorate, reminding the Inspectorate to obey the orders of the Criminal Department and the Metropolitan Procuratorate. Through the design of these systems, the Ming Dynasty was able to control the army, administration, justice or defeat of a province in the hands of three different places, avoiding the hidden danger of local secession in the last years of the Tang Dynasty.

Not only that, in the jurisdiction of the three **, the three divisions of "capital, cloth and press" are not completely consistent, for example, in the Ming Dynasty's command and envoy system, there is a Liaodong capital division, and in the political envoy system, Liaodong is not set up separately, but belongs to the Shandong political envoy. The purpose of this is to prevent the Qing Fang of the Earth World Group from having too much power, so that the three divisions can play a role in containing each other. Above!