Ask what is the benefit of ripe bitter gourd

Bitter gourd has the effect of lowering blood sugar and preventing cancer. Bitter gourd is a bitter cold product, containing bitter gourdin, bitter gourdin, etc. According to modern pharmacological tests, bitter gourd has the effect of lowering blood sugar, and it is believed that this is due to the fact that bitter gourd contains an insulin-like substance, and its effect is stronger than the current hypoglycemic drug "mesulfonbutamide", so bitter gourd is an ideal health food for diabetics.

The prospect of bitter gourd in the prevention and treatment of cancer is also broad. In foreign countries, scientists injected the lipoprotein components in bitter melon into mice with lymphoma, and the survival time of mice was prolonged, which showed that the lipoprotein components of bitter melon can improve cellular immune function. Therefore, scientists predict that bitter melon may become a new drug for cancer.

Bitter gourd is rich in nutrients, and the ascorbic acid content is prominent among melons, which is 14 times that of cucumbers, 5 times that of winter melons, and 7 times that of tomatoes. According to nutritional analysis data, each l00 grams of bitter gourd edible part contains 84 grams of water, protein grams, fat grams, carbohydrate grams, inorganic salts, crude fiber grams, calorie kilojoules, vitamin mg, vitamin mg, vitamin mg, vitamin mg 18 mg, phosphorus 29 mg, iron mg. The fruit of bitter gourd contains bitter gourdin, as well as glutamic acid, alanine, phenylalanine, proline, citrulline, galacturonic acid, etc.

The seeds and leaves of bitter melon contain a lot of bitter melon.

Bitter gourd gets its name from its special bitter taste. There are many different names in various places, such as leprosy melon, brocade (gold) lychee, leprosy grape, leprosy toad, red girl, cold melon, gentleman's vegetable and so on. The "leprosy" in these names roughly refers to the many irregular nodulous protrusions on the surface of bitter melon, and the fruit shape is mostly spinning and long conical or short conical.

The young fruit is dark green or pale green. Calling bitter gourd "red girl" probably refers to the fact that as the physiological maturity increases, the epidermis turns greenish-white and shiny, and gradually turns yellow-red. Reaching the red ripe fruit, the top is very easy to crack, revealing a blood-red melon pulp, which is wrapped with seeds, generally 20 50 seeds per melon.

From the fact that the main role of bitter gourd is to clear heat and detoxify, it seems more appropriate to call it "cold melon".

Benefits: Lowers blood pressure,**, prevents cancer.

If you have a cold stomach, you can't eat too much, if you want to use bitter gourd and celery to make juice, drink it on an empty stomach in the morning, and the blood pressure lowering effect is very good.

It can also be fried and eaten.

But it's best to eat it raw.

Bitter gourd, also known as cold gourd, ancient name leprosy grape, brocade lychee, leprosy gourd, etc., is a cultivated species of bitter gourd in the Cucurbitaceae family. The fruit contains a glycoside that has a special bitter taste, so it is called bitter gourd.

Bitter gourd is an annual climbing herb. The root system is relatively developed, with many lateral roots, and the root group is distributed with a diameter of more than 1 meter and a depth of more than 50 cm.

The bitter gourd stems are vine-grown, 5-edged, dark green, and hairy. The axillary buds of each node of the main vine are very active, and lateral vines can occur, and the axillary buds of each node of the lateral vine have paralateral vines, forming a relatively lush vine leaf system. In addition to axillary buds, tendrils and flower buds also occur in each stem node. The tendrils are solitary.

Bitter gourd is a dicot plant, and the cotyledons are unearthed. Primary leaves 1 pair, opposite, shield-shaped. The later true leaves are alternate, palmate and deeply lobed, green, pale green on the back of the leaf, the leaf veins radial (generally with 5 radial leaf veins), with petioles, yellow-green, and grooves on the stalks.

The bitter gourd flowers are solitary, monoecious. Plants generally produce male flowers first, followed by female flowers. male calyx bell-shaped, sepals 5, green; petals 5, yellow; It has a long flower stalk, and the long stalk bears a shield-shaped bract, green.

Stamens 3, detached, with 5 anthers, each bent in an almost "S" shape, united with each other. It generally blooms at 8-9 a.m. The female flowers have 5 petals, the ovary is lower, the petals are yellow, the flower stalk is long, there is also a green bract in the middle of the flower stalk, the pistil stigma is 5 6 lobed, and the opening time is also 8 9 a.m.

The bitter gourd fruit is a berry, and there are many nodulous protrusions on the surface, which can be divided into scattered tumors and long straight tumors, and the two kinds of nodules are separated from each other. Generally, white bitter gourd varieties have more dense tumors, while green bitter gourd varieties have a large proportion of long straight tumors. The shape of the fruit is spindle-shaped, short conical, long conical, rod-shaped, etc.

The skin of the young fruit is intensely green, green, yellow-green and greenish-white, orange-yellow when ripe, and the flesh is cracked.

The seeds of bitter gourd are shield-shaped, yellow or light yellow, and the seeds are wrapped in spongy green-white tissue before maturity, and the wrapping becomes a bright red fleshy tissue after maturity, which is sweet and edible. The seed shell of the seed is hard and thick, with patterns. Generally, each fruit contains 20 30 seeds, and more than 50 seeds, and the weight of 1,000 seeds is 150 180 grams.

Features and characteristics.

The root system is developed, there are many lateral roots, the distribution range of the root group is more than 1 3 meters, the stem is vine-like, five-edged, dark green, hairy, strong branching, easy to occur side vines, and the side vines occur grandchildren, forming the aboveground part of the leafy branches. Cotyledons are unearthed, and the newborn true is opposite, shield-shaped, green. True leaves alternate, palmately deeply lobed, green, pale green on the back of the leaf, 5 radiating veins, 18 cm long, 18-24 cm wide, petioles 9-10 cm long, with grooves on the stalks.

The flowers are unisexual, dioecious. Male flowers occur first, followed by female flowers, solitary. The fruit is a berry, with many nodulous protrusions on the surface, and the fruit shape is spinning, short conical, long conical, etc.

The skin color is green, greenish-white and dark green, orange when ripe, the flesh is cracked, the seeds are exposed, the seeds are shield-shaped, flattened, light yellow, each fruit contains 20-30 seeds, and the weight of 1000 seeds is 150-180 grams.

The whole growth process of bitter gourd takes about 80-100 days, and it grows slowly before the vine extraction stage, and most of the stems and vines are formed in the flowering and fruiting stage. Lateral vines occur from bottom to top in each node, forming multi-level stems. With the growth of stems and vines, the number of leaves and leaf area increased, and the flowering and fruiting period accounted for 95% of the leaf area of a single plant, which showed that the assimilation organ was formed in the middle and late stages of flowering and fruiting.

Generally, the first male flower occurs in the 4th-6th segment; The first female flower occurs in the 8th-14th nodes, and a female flower usually occurs at intervals of 3-6 nodes, but there are generally 6-7 female flowers before the 50th node of the main vine. From the perspective of adjusting plant nutrition, removing the side vines is conducive to concentrating nutrients and improving the female flower fruit setting rate of the main vine.

Bitter gourd likes warmth, heat resistance is not cold hardy, seed germination suitable temperature 30-35, if below 20, germination is slow, thick seed coat, after 40-50 warm water soak seeds for 4-6 hours, about 30 under germination, two days to begin germination, two and a half days most of the germination, 13 below germination difficulty. The suitable temperature for plant growth is 20-30, and 25 is the best. The suitable temperature during the flowering and fruiting period is about 25.

In the range of 15-25, the higher the temperature, the more conducive to the growth and development of bitter gourd. Most people believe that temperatures above 35 and below 15 are not conducive to the fertility of bitter gourd. The requirements for the length of sunshine are not strict, the light is not shade tolerant, and the flowering and fruiting period needs strong light, which is conducive to the improvement of photosynthesis and fruit setting rate.

Bitter gourd likes moisture but is not tolerant to waterlogging, and needs 85 air relative humidity and soil moisture during the growing season. It has a wide adaptability to soil, but it is suitable for fertile loam soil with good water and fertilizer retention.

Before the Ming Dynasty, there was no record of bitter gourd in medical books, and the Ming Dynasty's "Materia Medica" and "Compendium of Materia Medica" began to be included, and it is suspected that the Three Treasures eunuchs were transplanted from the Nanyang Islands when they went to the Western Ocean. Wang Mengying of the Qing Dynasty's "Diet Recipe for Living with Rest" said: "Bitter gourd is bitter and cold; Cleanse the heat, brighten the eyes, and clear the heart.

Can be sauce or pickled. Those who are in the cold (cold bottom) should not eat. When cooked, the color is red, the taste is sweet and flat, nourishes the blood and nourishes the liver, moistens the spleen and nourishes the kidneys.

That is to say, the melon is ripe and red, the bitterness is reduced, the coldness is reduced, and the nourishing effect is revealed. In fact, it is delicious when eating bitter gourd is green and yellow when it is ripe, and it is more effective in clearing heat and dissipating heat.

Bitter gourd has a bitter taste, and southerners eat more vegetables. In summer and autumn, bitter gourd can be eaten, used as a jasmine accompaniment, only feel delicious, not bitter. Chinese Cantonese people use bitter gourd slices, dried and stored for medicinal purposes, which is the dried bitter gourd for summer colds.

1. The nutritional value of bitter gourd is very high, each 100g of tender gourd contains protein, fat, carbohydrates, crude fiber, vitamin A 18 22mg, vitamin B vitamin C 56 120mg, calcium niacin 18 22mg, phosphorus 19 32mg, iron, in addition to a variety of amino acids such as glutamic acid, alanine, proline, citrulline, etc., as well as carotene, pectin and other nutrients (Deng Jianying et al., 2005). The vitamin C content of bitter gourd is higher than that of vegetables, which is 14 times that of cucumber, 5 times that of winter melon, and 7 times that of tomato (Li Fangyuan, 2005). The content of various nutrients such as vitamin C in bitter gourd will decrease with the ripening process of the fruit, so it is advisable to eat tender gourd.

2. In addition to its nutritional value, bitter gourd also has high medicinal value. In ancient China, there was a record of the medicinal use of bitter gourd, and the "Suixingju Diet Recipe" (Wang Shixiong, 1861) described: bitter gourd "green is bitter cold and cleanses heat, clear eyes and clear heart, cooked to nourish blood and liver, moisten spleen and kidney".

The roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds of bitter gourd can be used for medicinal purposes, which have the effects of removing evil heat, relieving fatigue, clearing the heart and eyes, and invigorating qi and relieving fever (Yuan Zhong et al., 2005).

3. Modern medical research has confirmed that the fruit is rich in bitter melonin, bitter melonin, and contains a variety of amino acids, etc., and the seeds contain a large amount of bitter melon. Pharmacological tests have shown that bitter gourd has the effect of lowering blood sugar and is an ideal therapeutic vegetable for diabetics. 4. Bitter gourd also has anti-cancer effects, and the active ingredients in bitter gourd can inhibit the carcinogenesis of normal cells and promote the recovery process of mutant cells.

The juice of fresh bitter gourd fruit has strong anti-fertility activity and certain immune-enhancing effects. Bitter melon extract inhibits the surface activity of HIV and is likely to become a new anti-AIDS drug.

5. In addition, bitter gourd also has antibacterial, antiseptic, anti-insect and other activities. In view of the various special effects of bitter gourd, the chemical composition of bitter gourd has been studied for a long time, and the chemical components that have been isolated from plants in this genus include triterpenes, steroids, proteins, organic acids, alkaloids and sugars.

The higher the ambient temperature, the more conducive to the growth and development of bitter gourd plants, and the higher the temperature can promote the more vines and early melons of bitter gourd plants, and promote yield. The stronger, bitter gourd likes to climb, needs to rely on the body to support to bear fruit, build a solid vegetable rack, the wind does not fall, the rain does not break, photosynthesis is also strong, the flower is not easy to drop fruit, can bear a large number of good-looking fruits, sell at a good price.

Colonization. Bitter gourd row support cultivation, the size and row spacing of the furrow, depending on the form of the scaffold, flat shed cultivation is the same as loofah, herringbone rack is the same as gourd. The plant spacing is about 40 cm.

When preparing the land, apply enough organic fertilizer as base fertilizer. Help put on the shelves. During the growth period, there is no need for special vines, only the weak side branches at the base and the overly dense senescent yellow leaves are appropriately cut off to facilitate ventilation and light transmission.

The quality of the variety directly determines the quality and yield of bitter gourd. Good varieties have strong adaptability, strong disease resistance, early maturity and other characteristics, such as green sheng, green arrow, etc.

As one of the common vegetables, bitter gourd is rich in nutrition, crisp flesh, bitter and sweet, and has a unique flavor, which has always been loved by people and is the main vegetable in summer and autumn. Bitter gourd, also known as cold gourd, is a cucurbitaceae plant, which is an annual climbing herb. Good varieties are the prerequisite for high crop yields.

Therefore, when selecting seeds, we should choose varieties with strong disease resistance, large melon bearing, long growth period and heat tolerance. For example, "big self-bitter gourd" and "long white bitter gourd". After the seeds are selected, the normal germination, sowing and transplanting work will be carried out.

The main stem of the bitter gourd is cut off, leaving only about 40 50cm of stubble. Then, immediately water and fertilize the bitter gourd, and the bitter gourd stubble will grow new seedlings from close to the roots, and the new seedlings can still flower and bear fruit, and they can be harvested in a month, and the yield is higher than the original. First of all, the side vine of bitter gourd should be led horizontally to the left and right as much as possible, and the main vine should go straight up along the support, and then appropriately remove the dense leaves and diseased leaves at the bottom of the main vine, and then appropriately remove the shorter, weaker, diseased branches of the side vine, etc., the bitter gourd vine can better transmit light and ventilation, and is more conducive to the quality and yield of bitter gourd.

I think that although bitter gourd is bitter, but the nutritional value is very rich, if you want to make the bitter gourd in the greenhouse mature early, we can use some high-quality fertilizer to fertilize it.

You can choose some varieties with good quality and ripe for sowing, and then cultivate them scientifically and pay attention to light, which can shorten the growth time of bitter gourd.

The first thing is to ensure the temperature of the place, and then it is necessary to ventilate it in time, and then it is necessary to apply fertilizer in time, such as phosphate fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer or organic fertilizer, and then also to water more.

Be sure to raise the temperature, the temperature must be kept above 20, and be sure to prevent insect pests and spray more pesticides.

If bitter gourd is boiled and fried with other foods, such as bitter gourd roasted meat, the bitterness does not enter the meat, so it has the reputation of "gentleman's dish". Although bitter gourd and tender gourd are bitter, the old gourd has a sweet taste. The bitter taste of the tender melon is glycoside, which is very bitter, and when the fruit is ripe, the glycoside is decomposed and the bitterness disappears.

The red gelatinous substance around the seeds, sweet as honey, is often eaten by children. How to eat bitter gourd with good health care effect Recommended reading: An excellent "couple partner" food on the table.