What is hemoptysis? How is it diagnosed? What is the cause of hemoptysis

What is hemoptysis? In layman's terms, coughing with blood in the sputum is called hemoptysis. What causes hemoptysis?

What is its definition? First of all, hemoptysis refers to the damage or lesions of our airways and lungs below the glottis, and the presence of blood in the sputum is called hemoptysis.

1. Hemoptysis refers to bleeding from any part of the respiratory tract below the larynx and below, and it is coughed up through the mouth. The amount of hemoptysis varies from the severity of the disease. Minor hemoptysis should be distinguished from nasopharyngeal or oral bleeding.

Epistaxis usually flows from the nostrils, and hemorrhage is often found in the anterior and inferior part of the nasal septum; Posterior nasal hemorrhage, in which the patient has a pharyngeal foreign body sensation due to blood flowing down from the posterior nostrils along the soft palate and posterior pharyngeal wall.

2. Hemoptysis is often caused by respiratory and circulatory diseases, and can also be caused by trauma, other systemic diseases or systemic factors. The amount of hemoptysis varies depending on the nature of the lesion, and blood gushes out of the mouth and nose during massive hemoptysis, sometimes blocking the airway and causing asphyxia, or severe blood loss causing shock. According to the literature, the case fatality rate of asphyxia or hemorrhagic shock complicated by massive hemoptysis can reach 50 100, and more people die from asphyxia than from hemorrhagic shock.

Small hemoptysis is sometimes ignored because it has only blood in the sputum.

3. Hemoptysis is common, and the common ones are bronchiectasis, bronchopulmonary cancer, bronchial tuberculosis and chronic bronchitis, which occurs due to inflammation, tumors and other damage to the bronchial mucosa and the capillaries at the lesions, which increase the permeability or rupture of the submembrane blood vessels.

The common ** are tuberculosis, pneumonia, lung abscess, etc. In China, tuberculosis is one of the most important causes of hemoptysis. Tuberculosis lesions causing hemoptysis, commonly known as infiltrative exudates, cavitation, and caseating pneumonia.

The mechanism of its occurrence is that the lesion increases the permeability of capillaries, which can be bloodshots, blood spots or small blood clots in the sputum; small blood vessels are ruptured due to lesional erosion, presenting with moderate hemoptysis; A ruptured small aneurysm in the cavity wall, or a ruptured arteriovenous fistula secondary to bronchiectasis, can cause massive hemoptysis.

4 Common causes are rheumatic heart disease, mitral stenosis, hypertensive heart disease, pulmonary hypertension, aortic aneurysm, pulmonary infarction, etc. Mitral stenosis can cause pulmonary congestion, resulting in rupture of the alveolar wall or bronchial intimal capillaries, often with a small amount of hemoptysis or streaks in sputum. Bleeding from ruptured bronchial submucosal varices is usually massive hemoptysis.

Hemoptysis can also occur when pulmonary hypertension is caused by some congenital heart diseases, such as atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, and pulmonary arteriovenous fistula. Because there is collateral circulation between the pulmonary veins and bronchi, increased pulmonary venous pressure can increase the pressure of small venules under the bronchial membrane, resulting in varicose veins and ruptured hemorrhage.

Question 1: How to pronounce hemoptysis in the basic literal meaning.

咯 kǎ forcefully to bring something out of the esophagus or trachea: blood. Phlegm. Bone the fish out.

Other Meanings of Words.

luò ㄌa

Arguments. Other Meanings of Words.

lo particle, used in such a way as "了", has a heavier tone: of course .

Question 2: What is hemoptysis? Hematemesis refers to the spit of blood from the respiratory tract, which is different from hematemesis, which is blood from the digestive tract! Large blood is more than 500 ml of blood per day, or 100-500 ml of blood at a time.

The common causes of blood in Chinese are tuberculosis, broncholung cancer, and bronchiectasis.

Question 3: Hemoptysis and its classification Hemoptysis is bleeding from the respiratory tract or lung tissues below the larynx through the mouth.

It is divided into: small hemoptysis, that is, the daily volume of hemoptysis is between 100ml.

Moderate haemoptysis, i.e. between 100 to 500 ml per day.

Massive hemoptysis, i.e., more than 500 ml of hemoptysis per day, or 300 500 ml of hemoptysis at one time

Question 4: What is the difference between hemoptysis and hemoptysis? Hemoptysis; It refers to bleeding from respiratory tract or lung tissue below the waiting area, and the amount of coughing up is 10 ml a day. 100---500 is medium, and more than 500 is a large amount.

coughing up blood; When coughing, there is blood in the sputum, usually blood streaks or small spots mixed with sputum.

Question 5: Explanation of hemoptysis Hemoptysis refers to bleeding in the larynx, trachea, bronchi and lung parenchyma, and blood is coughed out of the mouth. It is the rupture of the blood vessels in the larynx and the respiratory tract or lungs below the larynx, and blood is coughed out of the mouth with coughing.

Hematemesis, medically, refers to the blood in the stomach or reflux into the stomach after the upper gastrointestinal tract, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, gastrojejunal anastomosis, pancreas, and biliary tract, and the blood in the stomach or reflux into the stomach, and vomit through the mouth; Blood that vomits is brown in color and can also be bright red; Blood that has not been vomited may appear tarry black when passed with stool. There are many cases of hematemesis, mainly caused by upper gastrointestinal diseases, and a few cases can be local bleeding manifestations of systemic diseases.

Hemoptysis, also known as hemoptysis, refers to bleeding from bronchial or lung tissue below the larynx that is coughed up orally, that is, it is mostly caused by respiratory diseases, but it can also be caused by circulatory or other diseases. The amount of hemoptysis ranges from spotted and streaked blood in the sputum to hundreds of milliliters of hemoptysis. Acute and massive hemoptysis often leads to bronchial obstruction, atelectasis, hemorrhagic shock, and asphyxia.

The common types of hemoptysis include bronchial, pulmonary, cardiovascular and other aspects such as blood diseases, pulmonary-renal syndrome, etc.

Hemoptysis is easily confused with hematemesis. Hemoptysis is a symptom common to many diseases of the respiratory, cardiovascular, and hematologic systems. Bleeding from the mouth or nose that flows into the trachea through the posterior pharyngeal wall and then is coughed up is called pseudohemoptysis.

True hemoptysis refers to the passage of respiratory bleeding from the larynx down the respiratory tract through respiratory coughing. Hematemesis refers to the vomiting of bloody fluid through the digestive tract, ** mostly upper gastrointestinal bleeding, acidic reaction, and can be mixed with food, mostly dark red or brown color, which is caused by the acidification of hemoglobin in the blood by hydrochloric acid in the stomach. Patients with hematemesis often have melena because blood in the stomach can flow down into the intestine without causing a gag reflex, and the iron of hemoglobin in the blood combines with the intestinal sulfide to form iron sulfide, and the stool is tarry black.

Hemoptysis often has chest tightness, throat itching, cough and other discomforts; Hematemesis often includes epigastric discomfort, nausea, vomiting, etc. hemoptysis, bright red blood; Hematemesis, bright red or dark red blood. hemoptysis often with frothy sputum; Hematemesis is often mixed with food residues and gastric juice.

Patients with hemoptysis do not have melena unless swallowed; People who vomit blood have tarry melena that persists for several days after hematemesis stops.

Hemoptysis has dyspnea, choking, and massive hemoptysis can cause asphyxia; Hematemesis is mainly caused by excessive blood loss, such as palpitation, rapid pulse, and paleness.

There are many causes of hemoptysis, mainly respiratory diseases.

1. Respiratory diseases.

Tuberculosis, bronchiectasis, lung cancer, lung abscess, bronchitis, pneumonia, pulmonary mycosis, pulmonary amebiasis, lung flukes, bronchial stones, pneumoconiosis, lung metastases of malignant tumors, benign bronchoma, etc.

2. Diseases of the cardiovascular system.

Rheumatic heart disease, mitral stenosis, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary thrombophilia, pulmonary arteriovenous fistula, etc.

3. Systemic diseases and other causes.

Thrombocytopenic purpura, leukemia, hemophilia, aplastic anemia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, pulmonary hemorrhagic leptospirosis, epidemic hemorrhagic fever, pulmonary plague, chronic renal failure, uremia, Behcet's disease, chest trauma, pulmonary hemorrhage, nephritic syndrome, replacement menstruation, oxygen toxicity and connective tissue diseases, etc.

Hemoptysis refers to bleeding from the respiratory organs below the larynx, which is discharged from the oral cavity through coughing, and hemoptysis must first be distinguished from oral, pharyngeal, and epistaxis. Nasal bleeding usually flows from the anterior nostrils, and it is easy to diagnose bleeding foci that are often found in the anterior and inferior part of the nasal septum. Sometimes there is a lot of bleeding in the back of the nose that can be mistaken for hemoptysis, and the diagnosis is confirmed by nasopharyngoscopy when blood flows down the pharyngeal wall from the posterior nostrils.

Mechanism: The pressure in the pulmonary artery is low, only about 1 6 of the aortic pressure, but the vascular bed is abundant, the blood flow is large, and about 97% of the blood in the whole body flows through the pulmonary artery for gas exchange, so there are more opportunities for pulmonary artery hemorrhage, and the bronchial artery comes from the systemic circulation, so the pressure is higher, and it can cause massive bleeding after rupture, and the mechanism of hemoptysis is mainly as follows

1. Increased vascular permeability.

Due to pulmonary infection, poisoning, or vascular embolism, pathogens and other products can directly damage the microvasculature or increase the permeability of the microvascular wall through the action of vasoactive substances, and red blood cells enter the alveoli from the dilated microvascular endothelial cell space and cause a small amount of hemoptysis.

2. Erosion and rupture of blood vessel wall.

Chronic infection of the lungs damages the elastic fibers of the blood vessel wall, and small arteriolar hemangiomas are formed locally, and the hemangioma ruptures and bleeds heavily when coughing or moving violently, often causing suffocation and sudden death, and this kind of hemangioma is more common in cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis.

3. Increased intravascular pressure in the lungs.

Rheumatic heart disease, mitral stenosis, pulmonary hypertension, hypertensive heart disease, etc., the pressure in the pulmonary blood vessels increases, which can cause blood extravasation or rupture of small blood vessels and cause hemoptysis.

4. Coagulation dysfunction.

It is commonly found in blood diseases such as thrombocytopenic purpura, and is due to factors such as coagulation factor defects or disorders in the coagulation process and poor vasoconstriction, and hemoptysis may also occur on the basis of systemic bleeding tendency.

5. Mechanical damage.

Trauma or calcification of tuberculosis, mechanical damage to blood vessels by bronchial stones causes hemoptysis.

Stupid, it's bronchiectasis. My internal medicine book is bronchiectasis with hemoptysis rescue. And I have three basic books.

It's bronchiectasis, but in our country it's tuberculosis and then bronchiectasis and broncholung cancer.

Lobar pneumonia, bronchiectasis, tuberculosis, left heart failure, lung cancer.