Who were the main princes of the Sui and Tang dynasties, and the characteristics of the times of the

Li Yuan's forces, Yu Wenhua and forces, Wang Shichong, Dou Jiande, Wagang Zhai, Li Mi, Liu Heimin, and Turkic forces. In order to grow stronger, Li Tang once recognized the Turks as his father, but after Li Shimin unified the world, he did not admit it, and the disgraceful history was erased.

Sui and Tang dynasties From the establishment of the Sui Dynasty by Emperor Wen of Sui Emperor Yang Jian in 581 A.D. to the execution of Emperor Yang Guang of Sui in 618, it existed for a total of 37 years, and was a typical short-lived dynasty. Emperor Wen of Sui made the greatest contributions: first, the official system, abolishing the six-official system of the Northern Zhou Dynasty and establishing the system of three provinces and six ministries.

Emperor Wen of Sui also enacted new laws, and the punishment was no longer as cruel as it was during the Northern and Southern Dynasties. In addition, the imperial examination system was created and the selection method of officials was innovated. Except for half of the credit for the construction of the Grand Canal (the other half was for fun), Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty did not leave a good impression on future generations in other aspects.

The brutality of Emperor Yang of Sui is also famous in history. Due to its rampant conquest and expropriation, it aroused the boiling of public resentment, and finally was hanged in Jiangdu after eating the evil fruits, and the Sui Dynasty was declared extinct.

From the establishment of the Tang Dynasty in 618 AD to its destruction by Zhu Wen in 907, the Tang Dynasty existed for a total of 289 years. The Tang Dynasty was divided into the early and late periods, with the Anshi Rebellion as the boundary in the middle, the early period was the period of prosperity, and the later period was the period of decline. Tang Gaozu established the Tang Dynasty, and Tang Taizong Li Shimin led the troops to complete the great cause of unification in ten years.

After the Xuanwumen Change, after Li Shimin ascended the throne, the Tang Dynasty made the Tang Dynasty unprecedentedly prosperous in China's feudal society"The rule of Zhenguan"It was in the leading position in the world in politics, economy, culture and other aspects at that time. After that, it appeared again during the Xuanzong period of the Tang Dynasty"Kaiyuan prosperous", the country is strong and the people are rich, and the world of peace appears again. But it was also during the reign of Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty that the Anshi Rebellion occurred, and the Tang Dynasty went into decline from then on.

During the Sui and Tang dynasties, there were many achievements in the code system, such as the three-province six-ministry system, the imperial examination system, and the two-tax law, which had a far-reaching impact on later generations. The Sui and Tang dynasties adopted a relatively open policy to the outside world, and economic and cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries were frequent. Literature is the greatest achievement of Tang poetry.

Chen Ziang in the early Tang Dynasty, Li Bai and Du Fu in the Tang Dynasty, Bai Juyi and Yuan Zhi in the Middle Tang Dynasty, and Li Shangyin and Du Mu in the late Tang Dynasty are outstanding representatives. The ancient literature movement advocated by Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan had a great impact on later generations. Yan Zhenqing's calligraphy, Yan Liben, Wu Daozi, Li Sixun, Wang Wei's paintings, "Ni Dress and Feather Dance" and other ** dances, as well as many grotto arts, have been handed down to future generations.

In terms of science and technology, two of China's four major inventions, printing and gunpowder, appeared during this period.

In the later Tang Dynasty, the political chaos from the Niu Li Party struggle to the eunuch dictatorship, during which peasant uprisings continued to occur, and finally the Huangchao Rebellion broke out, and Zhu Wen, one of the leaders of the uprising, began to rebel against the Tang Dynasty, and later replaced the Tang Dynasty and established the first dynasty of the five dynasties - Houliang.

Zhai Rang. Li Mi.

Wang Bodang. Qin Qiong.

Shan Xiongxin. Xu Maogong.

Luo Yi. Qiu Rui.

Talking about saints. Wang Bo.

Tang wall. Lei Dapeng.

Xiao Milling. Li Zitong.

Iron fungus. Yu Tu Dian.

Wu Kexuan. Meng Haigong.

Wang Shichong. Liu Heimin.

Li Mi. Duvoy.

Auxiliary public extension. Dou Jiande. Zhu Cang.

1 During the Sui and Tang dynasties, the state was unified.

First, strong, convenient transportation, extending in all directions. By land, starting from Chang'an, heading east to Korea; To the west through the Silk Road, it can reach India, Iran, and Arab countries. By sea, from Dengzhou and Yangzhou, you can reach North Korea and Japan; From Guangzhou, you can reach the Malay Peninsula, India and the Persian Gulf.

In addition, there is the famous north-south artery - Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. 2 ** Implement the policy of lightly taxing and dissuading farmers and mulberries, such as the regulation of rents and the equalization of land, so that farmers can get land and production time, which is objectively conducive to the development of agricultural production. 3. Frequent ethnic exchanges.

During the Sui and Tang dynasties, various ethnic groups were further integrated, and economic and cultural exchanges between ethnic groups were further intensified. 4. **Adopt a relatively open policy to the outside world, and frequent economic exchanges between China and foreign countries. The relationship between the Tang Dynasty and Japan, Korea, India, Central Asia, and West Asian countries appeared to be unprecedentedly prosperous, and the Tang Dynasty also set up an institution in Guangzhou to manage foreign affairs [stage characteristics] The Sui and Tang dynasties were a prosperous period of China's feudal society, and the stage characteristics of this period were:

The country is unified and the political situation is relatively stable; The feudal economy continued to develop and showed prosperity; Strengthened ties among ethnic groups and further development of a unified multi-ethnic state; opening up to the outside world, frequent economic and cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries; The science and technology culture is leading in the world, and it is brilliant in all aspects.

The reasons were manifold, the political stability at the time (the relative length of national unification, ethnic integration); The economy is developed (agriculture, handicrafts, commerce are in full prosperity, and there is a prosperous scene);

Opening up to the outside world (and frequent economic and cultural exchanges with North Korea, Japan, India, and West Asia).

The economy is developing rapidly and the culture is open.

The Sui and Tang dynasties were one of the most powerful periods in Chinese history. At that time, the Sui and Tang Empires, especially the Tang Dynasty, were the most developed countries in the world, and people from all over the world were proud to come to the Tang Kingdom to do business and live.

At that time, Chang'an was the largest city in the world, with the world's most developed commerce, inhabited by people from all over the world, and was an international metropolis with guarantees. During the Sui and Tang dynasties, it can be explained from the following aspects.

One. During the Sui and Tang dynasties, the country was strong. The economic development level of the Sui and Tang Empires was the most advanced in the world at that time, with highly prosperous agriculture, handicrafts, and commerce, and a huge army, and the army's combat effectiveness was strong, the weapons were advanced, and the strong national strength provided a reliable guarantee for the army.

Two. During the Sui and Tang dynasties, culture was developed. The cultural development of the Tang Dynasty is not only manifested in literature, but also in science and technology, **, dance, calligraphy and other aspects.

Three. During the Sui and Tang dynasties, society was open. During the Sui and Tang dynasties, various cultures and religions were allowed to spread, people were open-minded, and there was an atmosphere of meritorious service everywhere.

1.The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, built by Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty to open up the north and south (transportation, economy, cultural exchanges, etc.), is still the longest canal in the history of the world today, and was built by Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty on the basis of several ancient canals with a lot of manpower and financial resources. Unfortunately, several parts of the Grand Canal have been cut off.

2.Zhaozhou Bridge, built by the Sui Dynasty, is the oldest surviving stone arch bridge in the world.

3.During the Sui and Tang dynasties, China had invented engraving printing, and although movable type printing was invented in the Song Dynasty, it was still commonly used in engraving printing.

4.The curved plow was invented in agriculture.

Quyuan plough is a plough invented by Chinese working people in the Tang Dynasty. Its curvature, because of its name, is different from the straight plow. Because it was first popularized and applied in Suzhou and other places, it is also known as Jiangdong plow.

Compared with the previous plough, the curved plow has several major improvements. First of all, the straight wheel, the long wheel is changed to the curved wheel, the short wheel, and the plow disc that can rotate freely is installed at the head of the wheel, so that not only the plow frame becomes smaller and lighter, but also convenient to turn around and turn, and the operation of the Zen in the clan is flexible, saving manpower and livestock. At the time of the same Zhaochen, water conservancy projects had been widespread in the Tang Dynasty.

The Sui and Tang dynasties were the top of China's history, and there were many scientific and technological achievements that were admired by the whole world.

I wish you progress in learning, and I hope that those who will be trained will accept.

During the Sui and Tang dynasties, the country was unified, the economy was prosperous, the politics were clear, the transportation was developed, the ethnic integration was frequent, the economic and cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries were frequent, and the education system was advanced.

The cultural achievements of the Sui and Tang dynasties are as follows:

1. Science and technology.

1. The invention of engraving printing and gunpowder, there were Buddhist scriptures, calendars and books printed by engraving in the Sui and Tang dynasties; At the end of the Tang Dynasty, gunpowder began to be used in the military;

2. The remarkable achievements of astronomy and calendar, the "Great Yan Calendar" of the Tang Dynasty monks and his entourage, more accurately reflect the law of the sun's movement. 3. The progress of medicine, Sun Simiao's "Qianjin Fang", Tufan's famous doctor Yuandan Gongbu's "Four Medical Classics", and Tang Gaozong's "Tang Materia Medica".

4. Superb architectural level: Yu Wenkai of the Sui Dynasty presided over the construction of Daxing City, and the Zhaozhou Bridge designed by Li Chun, a craftsman of the Sui Dynasty.

2. The ** era of poetry: such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, etc.;

3. Colorful art.

1. The murals of the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang, outstanding painters - Zhan Ziqian of the Sui Dynasty, Yan Liben and Wu Daozi of the Tang Dynasty.

2. Calligraphy: Ouyang Xun, Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan, Caosheng Zhang Xu, Huaisu;

3. Music and dance: "King Qin's Breaking Array Music" and "Neon Dress and Feather Dance".