50 points to solve a sophomore biology problem

a.Only small molecule compounds such as amino acids or glucose are required for the absorption of small molecule compounds such as amino acids or glucose by the villous epithelial cells of the small intestine, because energy is required, i.e., active transport.

b.Seeing ions must be active transport.

c.The salt in the blood of sharks is originally in the blood, and there is no need for any transportation and diffusion.

d.Water molecules are unwanted energy that enters red blood cells through water channels.

So choose D

ABC is Active Transport.

Non-proliferation.

Active transport is achieved by a carrier on a membrane.

And d is free diffusion.

Free diffusion is achieved using the concentration difference.

So choose D

A is absorption, B is osmosis, and substances have the following two common characteristics when they enter and exit the cell through the cell membrane by diffusion

1 The direction of diffusion of a substance is affected by the concentration gradient of the substance. That is, if the concentration of a substance inside and outside the cell is different, the substance will diffuse from the high concentration to the low concentration, and if the concentration difference between the two sides is larger, the diffusion rate of the substance will be faster.

2 It is not necessary to consume ATP in order for this diffusion to occur.

Therefore, the process of C consumes ATP, not diffusion.

Bacteria and Penicillium are two different species and should be an interspecific relationship. They both get water and nutrients from a common medium, which shows that there is a competition between the two Answer c

cPenicillium and bacteria are not parasitic.

Penicillin inhibits bacterial growth.

Penicillium is a fungus and does not fight with bacteria within the species.

d。First of all, competition includes intraspecific struggles and interspecific struggles (large range), and interspecific struggles are the struggles between different species using the same environment, and Penicillium and bacteria are compatible.

Bacteria and Penicillium are two different species and should be an interspecific relationship. There is a competitive relationship between the two Answer c

1) The compound is made up of 3 amino acids, and the compound is called a tetrapeptide.

2) If a protein is synthesized (not through a peptide bond) with 4 of the above peptide chains, then:

16 amino acids, 4 amino groups, 8 carboxyl groups, 12 peptide bonds, and 3 R groups are required;

If the average relative molecular mass of each amino acid is 128, then the relative molecular mass of the compound formed by these 4 peptide chains is 1832. 128*4-3*18)*4 (the chemical reaction that occurs when the peptide chains are linked to each other is negligible).

3) The molecular structure of proteins is extremely diverse, because the types, numbers, and order of amino acids that make up various protein molecules are different, and the spatial structure of proteins composed of peptide chains is different

2.Experimental design: Verify that nickel is an essential inorganic salt for the growth of maize seedlings.

Materials and utensils: complete nutrient solution A, nickel-deficient complete nutrient solution B, suitable containers and fixing materials, corn seedlings with similar growth, inorganic salts containing nickel.

1): Method Steps:

Corn seedlings with similar growth were divided into two groups of the same number, numbered A and B

The maize seedlings of group A were cultured in complete nutrient solution B with nickel deficiency, and the maize seedlings of group B were cultured in complete nutrient solution A.

The two groups of corn seedlings were placed in the same suitable environment for several days to observe the growth of corn seedlings.

2) Experimental expectations: The growth of maize seedlings in group B was better than that in maize seedlings in group A

3) From the rigorous perspective of scientific research, in order to further confirm that the difference in the growth status of maize between groups A and B is caused by the difference of nickel**, what experimental steps should be added? The result?

Nickel-containing inorganic salts should be added to the nickel-deficient complete nutrient solution B of group A, and the growth of maize seedlings in group A was gradually the same as that of B, so nickel was the necessary inorganic salt for the growth of maize seedlings.

（1）.4 amino acids tripeptide.

2）.16 4 8 12 peptide bonds 3 R groups (128*4-18*3)*4=1832

3）.The types and numbers are different; The spatial conformation is not the same.

2.(1) The maize seedlings in group B were cultured and grown in complete nutrient solution.

2) The growth of group B was not as good as that of group A.

3) After that, inorganic salts containing nickel were added to group A and cultured again for observation. If growth is restored and is like group B, nickel is an essential inorganic salt for the growth of the plant.

It's 1 6

Let's look at the man first: his mother has a single eyelid AA, whether the father is AA or AA, his genotype must be AA.

Woman: She has a younger brother who has AA parents, both of whom have double eyelids, so her parents are genotype AA. For women's double eyelids, genotype: 1 3AA or 2 3AA.

To give birth to a child with a single eyelid, aa aa, the probability of getting aa is 1 4. But the woman only has a chance of 2 3 being AA, so she has to multiply it by 2 3.

First of all, peas are strictly self-pollinating, so homozygous self-inbred are all homozygous. In the question, tt:tt is 2:

1. A TT inbred completely follows Mendelian laws of inheritance, and the genotype ratio is tt:tt:tt=1:

2:1, the other two pure and inbred are both 2tt=2x3So the number of tt, tt, and tt is 7:

2：1。The answer should be c.

Mendelian classical genetic experiments are the foundation of high school genetic computational problems, and many of the genotype ratios need to be memorized in order to solve the problems quickly, and are also important in future biology learning.

1 Silk is protein (the basic unit is amino acids) Cotton is cellulose (the basic unit is glucose) If there are three empty, then cotton can only be considered a plant in a broad sense"Cotton"Then it can only be filled with water2 nucleic acids (including DNA, RNA) and proteins 3 ribose glucose (because glucose is decomposed into pyruvate before entering the mitochondria) 4 amino nitrogenous bases 1 a o B c n ca p2 The (content) of different elements in the same organism is different3 The elements in the table need to be further composed in the cell (organic matter), and then constitute the material basis of the life activities of the organism.