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The material of glass is made up of three main parts: the basic raw material, the flux and the colorant, as well as the decolorizer, the clarifier and the emulsion.
The basic raw material for glass making.
Silica is the most important raw material for glass production. The reserves of silica on the earth are very large. Silica is the main raw material for stone and the main raw material for making glass.
The silicon content of different stones is different. These materials are the most common in our lives.
flux. The melting point of silica is very high, and it is very limited to achieve this honor. The ancients tried to add some other substances, and when it melted, the temperature became lower.
In addition, the silica melts very abruptly, and there is no filter transition stage that gradually softens during the heating process, and after fusing some other substances, the glass can be in various glorious states at different temperatures, and the glass can be effectively shaped and shaped. This substance is the flux.
The flux is usually a raw material containing sodium oxide, potassium oxide, lead oxide, calcium oxide, barium oxide and other substances, such as limestone, feldspar, soda ash, boric acid, lead compounds, and barium compounds. (Sodium oxide can reduce the viscosity in the formation of glass, make the glass easy to melt, and play a good role in fluxing; Barium oxide plays a fundamental role with sodium oxide in the formation of glass; Tin oxide can increase the chemical stability and mechanical strength of glass; Lead oxide can increase density, improve serpentine, and have a special luster; Lead can make the glass have a large refractive index to light and a small scattering rate, making the glass more shiny and stable.
Clarifier. Some bubbles will appear in the process of making glass, and the clarifier used to reduce these bubbles is used. The main commonly used are arsenic oxide, antimony oxide and nitrate.
Emulsion. In the production of glass, the artist makes the glass opaque according to the requirements of the work, and the emulsion is the emulsion that makes the glass opaque. It can cause glass to produce crystalline or unfixed colloidal particles that differ from the refractive index of the glass itself to produce an opaque effect.
Commonly used emulsions are tin oxide, antimony oxide, and phosphate.
Decolorizing agent. The head colorant is mainly used to eliminate the undesirable color brought by the impurities in the raw materials to the glass, so that the glass city is colorless and transparent. There are two main types of chemical decolorizing agents and physical decolorizing agents, and chemical decolorizing agents usually disappear through oxidation, mainly sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate.
Physical decolorizers make glass colorless by producing complementary colors, mainly manganese dioxide, selenium and cobalt oxide, and bromine oxide.
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Hello, the wiper kettle has a sensor, and there will be such an alarm if the wire is broken or the sensor fails.
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Summary. Hello, happy to answer your questions.
Hello, happy to answer your questions.
BMW 740li after adding glass water also shows that the cleaning level is low.
Hello, after adding glass water, it also shows that the cleaning liquid level is low, check the method, you need to drain the glass water inside first, plus the ordinary tap water to see if the alarm disappears, if the glass water does not match, this fault is very common, if you also alarm, measure the line, the line is no problem to replace the sensor. I hope I can help you.
There are no problems with the wiring, the glass of water has been changed several times, and the sensor has also been changed.
Hello Liangli, BMW car has very strict requirements for selling water on the glass ridge, many glass Jingye search glass water on the market, add it to the BMW car will call the police, if you do not call the police after replacing it with tap water, drain the tap water and add the original glass water to solve the problem.
It's still the same.
Like this sensor it has no separate fuse Ann.
Hello, was it added by the 4S store? There are a lot of troubles to deal with this kind of fault, and they are all the problems of glass water, and the original glass water needs to be watered in proportion.
Hello, there is no separate fuse, computer detection without sensor fault code is no problem.
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Glass is an amorphous inorganic non-metallic material, which is generally made of a variety of inorganic minerals (such as quartz sand, borax, boric acid, barite, barium, barium carbonate, limestone, feldspar, soda ash, etc.) as the main raw material, and a small amount of auxiliary raw materials are added.
1. Choose whether to add water or not according to the environment.
2. If it is in the north, there is no doubt that pure glass cleaning liquid must be added, because it can prevent freezing.
3. The so-called glass water is the common name of automobile windshield cleaning liquid. It is a consumable product in the use of automobiles. High-quality automotive windshield water is mainly composed of water, alcohol, ethylene glycol, corrosion inhibitors and a variety of surfactants.
Car windshield water is commonly known as glass water (i.e., car window net).
That's it for the introduction of whether or not you can add water to the glass cleaning liquid.
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The dashboard displays ** injection cleaning liquid, indicating that the vehicle's glass water cleaning liquid has been used up, and reminding the owner to add glass water in time. This feature is not available in all cars, and is often found in some mid-to-high-end models.
If there are insects, dust and other dirty things on the front windshield that affect the owner's vision, you need to use wipers to spray glass water to clean the front windshield to maintain a good view of the owner. If the vehicle does not have glass water, the wipers will rub against the front windshield when they are in use, which will cause a lot of noise and cause wear and tear on the wipers and front windshield.
How to eliminate glass water failure lamp
The common reason why the glass water failure light is on is that the glass water of the vehicle is insufficient, and the owner only needs to replenish the glass water, and the glass water failure light on the dashboard will automatically go out. If the glass water failure light is still on after the glass water is replenished, it is possible that the glass water level sensor is faulty, and the owner needs to go to the 4S shop or repair shop to find professionals for maintenance.
Adding glass water is actually similar to adding oil and coolant, neither too much nor too little, and then I will teach you how to add glass water to the right position.
First of all, find the location of the wiper tank, the location is mostly on the right side of the engine compartment, and there will be a pattern on the top of the tank cover that is the same as the indicator light, just find the pattern. Then open the lid of the water tank and add glass water to it, inside the tank there is a scale. There are upper and lower limits on the scale, and the owner only needs to add the glass of water to the middle of the upper and lower limits.
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The washing liquid is the place where the glass of water is added.
Glass water is a common name for "car windshield washer fluid". Generally, the filling is done in the washing solution filling port. Moreover, high-quality car windshield water is mainly composed of water, alcohol, ethylene glycol, corrosion inhibitors and a variety of surfactants.
Generally, the glass water commonly used in summer will add shellac to the cleaning solution, which can quickly remove the residue of flying insects hitting the windshield; Moreover, the anti-freeze glass cleaning liquid used in winter can ensure that the glass water will not freeze and damage the car facilities when the outside temperature is lower than minus 20.
How to add glass of water **Collect well.
One: Summer. It rains a lot and the sand is heavy, and it is easy to stain the front windshield. At this time, the effect of glass water is mainly to clean the windshield. >>>More
It's useless to mix it yourself, and it can only turn into glass at more than a thousand degrees.
Auto glass water is mainly composed of water, alcohol, ethylene glycol, corrosion inhibitor, deionized water, surfactant, a variety of surfactants, preservatives, and antifreeze. >>>More
Glass of water for cars in winter.
One-time filling or not filling up will not affect the use of the vehicle. >>>More