Why doesn t China s high speed rail go in a straight line and take a detour?

With the development and progress of China, more and more people have begun to like traveling. Of course, transportation is indispensable for travel, and China's high-speed rail is loved by more and more people. However, many careful people will find that China's high-speed rail basically goes around detours, and rarely goes in a straight line.

We all know that the straight line between two points is the shortest, why is China's high-speed rail a detour?

First of all, a high-speed rail has a beginning and an end. However, there will be many stops between the start and end of the high-speed rail, and the high-speed rail line connecting these stations will usually not be in a straight line. Therefore, usually in the construction of high-speed rail, in order to allow more places to have high-speed rail, it is usually not connected in a straight line.

Secondly, the construction of high-speed rail will inevitably pass through many cities. We all know that the construction of high-speed rail railways is generally not surrounded by downtown areas, downtown areas and the like, but will be built in sparsely populated places, which can not only reduce the noise to the urban environment, but also facilitate the operation of high-speed rail. Therefore, at this time, the high-speed rail will not run in a straight line, and it will inevitably have to be built around some detours.

Finally, there is the topography of China. We all know that the terrain of China is very complex, with many lofty mountains and mountains. Therefore, in the process of high-speed rail construction, it is necessary to bypass the mountains and mountains, rivers and lakes, and at the same time, it is also in the concept of protecting the environment and not destroying the natural environment, so that the high-speed rail can not only provide convenient travel conditions for human beings in the construction process, but also will not damage the natural ecological environment, and live in harmony with nature.

Now with the more and more convenient transportation, people's living standards have also improved, from the earliest cars, horses, cattle and sheep as the basic means of transportation to the current high-speed rail, airplanes convenience, the construction of each means of transportation and how they choose to build the route is also closely related to each of us. Therefore, if the high-speed rail is not built into a straight line, there must be the consideration of engineers, we only need to believe in them, and believe that China will develop better in the future!

Because there is always a straight line, the driver of the high-speed rail is easy to get tired and there are many detours, which can keep the driver awake and drive safely.

Because there are too many mountains, it is also a great cost to dig tunnels, and there are also stations that need to be stopped need curves to reach, which are all required by China's national conditions, so there are straight roads and detours.

In fact, one of the most important reasons for the pruning method of detours is to protect the environment of the city, and the shortest straight line between two points is of course a well-known thing, but if you choose to use a straight line between two cities, it is indispensable to pass through a residential area or urban center. There will be noise, and the impact of noise on the surrounding residents is relatively large, and if you choose to pass through the residential area directly, it will bring more trouble to people, so the high-speed rail takes a detour.

Straight is of course the best, short distance investment savings. However, due to the influence of topography and features, some places must be built into curves. For example, there is a big mountain in front, and the geological conditions are very poor, and the tunnel is directly passed, the investment is high and the safety hazards are large, and it is difficult to maintain it in the later stage, so it can only be curved around.

There are also stations that need to enter or be close to the city, which needs to be in line with urban planning. You can't fix it as much as you want...

If the length of the straight line is too long, it will lead to the monotony of the highway alignment and the lack of change in the environment. China's "Highway Route Design Code" stipulates: guide the driver's line of sight, maintain the continuity of the line, avoid the use of long straight lines, and pay attention to the coordination with the local environment and landscape.

There are too many mountains and rivers in China, and there are residents living in some places, and there are many complex geographical factors, not that the distance in a straight line is the shortest, so there may be no developed circuits in China.

Because in the places where the high-speed rail passes, not everything can be dismantled, and some things are not allowed to be dismantled.

High-speed rail will turn, just because the radius of the turn is too largeThe people sitting in the car can't feel it, which makes many people mistakenly think that the high-speed rail does not turn.

If a separate high-speed rail station is re-established due to the straight high-speed rail track, it will not only waste a lot of manpower, material resources and land resources, but also be very unfriendly to the transfer passengers, and the trouble caused by the straight high-speed rail track will run counter to the fast and convenient construction of the original intention. From this point of view, it is impossible for the high-speed rail track to be designed in a straight line, so there will naturally be a turn.

Every day in the busy railway department, there will be many trains of different speeds passing through the platform, and each train enters and leaves the station in an orderly manner. And there are many friends in today's travel choice, in addition to considering the bullet train, but also consider the ticket price is relatively expensive, but faster high-speed rail train, because some friends need to cross most of China when they are on a business trip, and in this kind of long-distance travel, although you can take a plane, but after all, it is very far away from the city center and the station is generally built only a few minutes away from the city center, so many people will choose to travel by high-speed rail and travel by high-speed rail.

It may be more torturous for some friends, because smoking is prohibited on the entire high-speed rail, so taking the high-speed rail is good and bad for these friends. However, when taking the high-speed rail, attentive passengers will observe one thing, that is, even when the high-speed rail is faced with many forks and dazzling tracks, it never takes the wrong way, and always maintains a constant speed of progress, so why does the train conductor never drive in the wrong direction even if there are so many forks? What happens if you accidentally drive on a different track?

We all know that although there are many parallel rails, sometimes it is necessary to change tracks. And the track change of these high-speed railways is basically not judged by the conductor himself, but generally dispatched by the control center. Because the speed of different trains is different, and the final destination of the train is also different, the control center should always supervise the driving status of the train to avoid the train behind not braking and crashing into the train in front.

Generally speaking, there is a device at the end of the railway, which can be manipulated to change the direction of the track, and we all know the well-known paradox that the rail problem is also about the manipulation of this turnout. In the past, the railway staff had to manually carry out the operation, so the railway staff often had to take a very big risk in the past, if she accidentally fell on the track or a careless operation, she was likely to be hit by the train. And because the current high-speed rail and bullet train are very fast, when they pass by, they will have a huge attraction to the surrounding items, and if there are workers next to them to manipulate the track change, it is easy to be sucked into the bottom of the car.

So gradually the way to switch to electronic operation to adjust these turnouts over a long distance, which can not only ensure efficiency, but also avoid the safety problems of railway workers.

In addition, there will be some signal lights next to the railway, and the signal light next to the road will usually light up green, which indicates that the train is about to be directed to the road and alert the driver.

The curve radius of high-speed rail is very large, the curve radius of 350 mph is generally 7000 meters, and the curve radius of 250 mph is generally 3500 meters, which is different from ordinary rail.

That's what you don't see, there are more places where the high-speed rail turns, and few high-speed trains are straight, just like the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway, which turns a big corner in Nanjing.

The body of the high-speed rail is too long, it is too difficult to make a U-turn, and it takes time, so there are front and rear cars.

Because the speed of high-speed rail will bring noise during the driving process, it is necessary to bypass residential areas and pass through places with relatively small amounts, and the turning arc should be gentle, otherwise passengers who get off the train at high speed will feel uncomfortable.

This is because if the high-speed train turns, it will affect the speed, so he never turns.

Because high-speed rail will be very dangerous if it turns, so a certain route has been planned.

Because high-speed rail has a planned driving route, it needs to save time quickly, and turning will cause high-speed rail to be dangerous.

Because the speed of the high-speed train is very fast, it will be very dangerous to turn around.

Because the speed of high-speed rail is very fast, and the route is also planned.

There is no road in the world that does not turn, it is just a big bend and a small bend.

Because the speed of high-speed rail should be increased, it can reach the destination faster.

Because if the high-speed rail turns, there will be a certain danger, so try to avoid this situation.

I feel that you have long hair and short knowledge when you pee.

The high-speed rail bogie is actually a "small car" composed of two wheelsets on the frame, which is about the same size as an ordinary car, and the EMU carriage rests on this "small car", and it can rotate to a certain extent. There are two under each carriage, and because they are installed under the carriage, it is not easy for us to see what it looks like.

What does a bogie really look like? Take a look at the picture below and you'll see it clearly.

One of the important functions of the bogie is that it is used for railway vehicle steering, that is, cornering.

We know that trains don't have steering wheels, so how does it get through curves? When the vehicle begins to enter the curve at a certain speed, the outer wheel rim of the front wheel pair is in contact with the inner side of the outer rail, and the guiding force is squeezed to produce a guiding force, and the guiding moment is caused by the guiding force, so that the bogie rotates relative to the line.

In addition, the railway gauge is fixed, with the outer track long and the inner track short on the curve. The part of the wheel that is in contact with the rail is called the tread, and the tread is designed to be tapered in order to solve the problem of the wheelset passing through the curve. When the wheelset passes through the curve, because the tread has a taper, after the wheelset moves outward, the diameter of the contact point between the outer rail and the wheel is large, and the walking distance is long, and the diameter of the contact point between the inner rail and the wheel is small, and the walking distance is short, so that the curve can be passed smoothly.

Schematic diagram of the bogie passing through the curve principle.

Another benefit of the taper tread of the wheels is that they are self-centering in straight lines. The trajectory of the vehicle is actually a snake movement, due to the swing of the wheels from side to side, the contact diameter is constantly changing, and the use of taper tread plays the role of automatic centering.

How does a bogie adapt to high-speed operation?

With the increase of speed there is a problem, the serpentine movement of the vehicle will be unstable, once unstable, the wheels will violently impact the rail, and even cause derailment and overturning, which is absolutely not allowed by railway safety. Instability in serpentine motion must be avoided.

Schematic diagram of the principle of the serpentine motion of the vehicle.

Is there a way to make the EMU run at high speed without snake movement instability? The answer is yes. The high-speed bogie adopts axle box elastic positioning, air springs, axle box springs, various shock absorbers, arc wheel tread and other measures to ensure that there is no snake movement instability within the range of vehicle running speed.

Through the optimized design, the critical speed of instability of the bogie of the high-speed EMU can reach more than 500 km h.

In addition to supporting the carriage, the bogie is also responsible for transmitting the traction and braking force of the train to the wheels.

The bogie is divided into bullet car bogie and trailer bogie, the motor car bogie is equipped with traction motor, gearbox, wheel disc brake, etc., the trailer bogie is equipped with axle disc brake, and the high-speed bogie is generally made of high-strength alloy steel lightweight frame, hollow axle, aluminum alloy gearbox, air spring, shock absorber, etc.

To sum up, the bogie mainly has the functions of bearing, guidance, vibration damping, traction, braking, etc., and the high-speed EMU is inseparable from the "scud" of the bogie to run fast. (Xi'an EMU Depot).

The turning radius of high-speed rail is relatively large, and the turning radius of the track with a general speed of 350 kilometers per hour is more than 8 kilometers, because the faster the speed, the larger the turning radius. When turning, the outside of the track will be a little higher than the inside of the track. Of course, turning also depends on the train's bogie with good performance.

From a physical point of view, the railway curve is basically a large gyration, and the track is higher than the inside on the inside and outside of the curve radius, and the centripetal force generated is greater than the centrifugal force, so it will not roll over.

High-speed rail: Definition: High-speed rail (high-speed rail) has different standards depending on the era and different countries.

For example, in the early days of Western Europe, high-speed railways were designated as high-speed railways with a speed of 250,300 kilometers per hour for new construction and 200 kilometers per hour for the reconstruction of old lines. However, in 1985, the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe signed an agreement on international railway trunk lines in Geneva, stipulating that the speed of new high-speed railways for passenger trains should be more than 350 kilometers per hour, and the speed of new high-speed railways for mixed passenger and freight trains should be more than 250 kilometers per hour.

You can search for high-speed rail bogies and general-speed train bogies.

It may also be understood by the turn of the car.

Because it is necessary to turn, it is possible to turn.

Why can't the high-speed rail line be built in a straight line from beginning to end, but can only bend forward?

Because the construction of the high-speed rail railway needs to consider the geological conditions and construction costs, there will be a bending.