What is the relationship between Kant s intellect and human freedom?

Intellectual. Noumenon, meaning "the thing that is thought" or "the thing of the intellect", the plural is: noumena, which can be translated as "the world of the mind"].

Something that is an intelligible object or ultimate reality, as opposed to a phenomenon—that is, a "manifest or sensible thing." This distinction exists from time to time and is fully discussed in Plato's physiognomy theory. But the term is particularly related to Kant.

In his philosophy, the intellectually body is mainly used in the negative sense, that is, something that transcends the boundaries of sensibility, intuition or experience, that is, something that transcends the phenomenal world. Thus, the intellect is an unknowable thing that is used to indicate the boundaries of possible knowledge. It is only a purely rational setting as the starting point for all science.

In Kant's view, such a setting is particularly necessary as a condition for human freedom. Moreover, if we ascribe objectivity to it, we progress from a logical form without content to an object of necessarily self-being, an object of empirical knowledge. In Kant's view, this is a dialectical fallacy, the source of the errors that inevitably lead to traditional metaphysics.

The intellect is sometimes used interchangeably with the term "object itself", although they each have a different emphasis.

The notion of the intellect – which deals with what is perceived not as a sensual object, but as a thing itself through pure intellect – is a concept that is in no way contradictory. —Kant, Critique of Pure Reason, b310

This is Kant's aesthetic thought.

Critique of Judgment 1 Analysis of Aesthetic Judgment p 183

Laughter is an emotion that suddenly transforms from nervous anticipation to nothingness. ”

It's really sweaty to death. After reading so many of Kant's works, I really can't remember where Kant talked about funny, I don't know where Yu Qiuyu came out of that memorial ... Please let me know if the landlord finds it.。。。 thanks

Chapter 1 (1) What are the constituent elements of a literary work?

Answer: Language, subject matter, and implication are the three major elements of a literary work.

2) What is the difference between "speech" and "language"? What is the difference between an "inward" and an "outer" language?

Answer: "Language" is "a treasure trove of all members of a social group that is deposited through the practice of speech, a grammatical system that exists in the minds of each individual, or rather, in the minds of a group of people"."Speech" is "the combination by which the speaker uses the rules of language to express his personal thoughts".

The language of a literary work is the language of the "inward" signifier, not the "outer" language. "Internal" language, that is, linguistic meaning refers to the inside of the work; The so-called "external signifier" refers to the external objective world. The artistic image of literature is originally a fictional picture of social life with hypotheticalities, so the language of literary works can only be the language of "internal signification".

3) The basic characteristics of literary language.

Answer: 1. Sex. It is the phonetic level of literary language, and the language of literary works is the most important characteristic, that is, the language of literary works has the characteristics of distinct rhythm, harmonious rhyme, catchy reading, and pleasant sound.

2. Image. It is the semantic level of literary language, and the language of a literary work has the characteristics that enable readers to "perceive" the artistic image depicted in the work, that is, to arouse the reader's "imagination" and construct the artistic image in their own minds, which is its figurativeness. The figurative nature of language has a "duality".

On the one hand, it is abstract and has a conceptual function; On the other hand, it is closely related to the image and has the function of representation.

3. Implicitness. It is the implicit dimension of literary language, that is, its deep meaning. The so-called implication refers to the characteristics of the language of literary works that express "infinite" with "finite", "endless" and infinite meanings, and can leave readers with a vast space for full chewing, savoring, and recalling.

Excellent literary works condense the rich and profound connotation of the language expression, thus producing great artistic charm.

4. Emotional. It is the subjective tendency that it reveals when describing objective things, and the linguistic emotionality of literary works refers to the emotional power and emotional color contained in the language of the work and the form of expression of words.

Beauty refers to a common essential attribute of objective things that can arouse people's sense of beauty. The process of human cognition, judgment, and application of the nature, definition, feeling, form, and aesthetics of beauty is aesthetics.

Beauty includes the two main forms of life beauty and artistic beauty. The beauty of life is divided into natural beauty and social beauty.

Sentence 1, the beautiful song flutters in the wind on the grassland.

2. Beautiful nature can purify people's hearts.

3. The green trees in the mountains are in the shade, the spring water is murmuring, and the scenery is beautiful.

4. Her dancing steps are light and beautiful, and her singing voice is melodious.

5. The beautiful dancing of the Uygur girl won the applause of the audience.

The connotation of beauty refers to a common essential attribute of objective things that can arouse people's sense of beauty. Beauty includes the two main forms of life beauty and artistic beauty. The beauty of life is divided into natural beauty and social beauty.

Artistic beauty includes several basic categories, such as beauty, sublime, tragedy, and comedy. Comedy has sub-categories such as satire, ridicule, funny, witty, humorous, grotesque, and absurd.

There are many opinions on the definition of beauty, but it can be summarized in no more than five aspects:

1) Beauty is objectively speaking. This theory initially focused on the study of the natural properties of beauty, and discovered the laws of appearance and form related to beauty, such as harmony, proportion, symmetry, and unity of diversity. Later, he focused on the study of social beauty, and had incisive discussions on the relationship between beauty and life.

Representative figures include Diderot and Chernyshevsky.

2) Beauty is subjective. It is believed that beauty is the product or projectile manifestation of human consciousness and emotional activities, and this theory has made a more in-depth study in aesthetic consciousness, aesthetic psychology and aesthetic feelings. Representative figures include Hume, Kant, Croce, etc.

3) The theory of subjective and objective relations. It is believed that beauty is neither objective nor subjective, but in the combination of the two. But there are those that tend to be objective and those that tend to be subjective.

4) Supernatural theory. It is believed that beauty is created by God, God, or some kind of "third force" that transcends the subjective and objective.

5) Social practice theory. It is believed that the essence of beauty is the objectification of human essence, the humanization of nature, the unity of purpose and law, the unity of truth and goodness, and the form of freedom.

Beauty is something that can cause human beings to feel pleasant.

Beauty is evaluated as beauty, mainly from people's subjective will and optimistic facts, centered on self-feeling, and visual experience showing sensory pleasure. This is a one-sided understanding of the individual.

Partial and total, objective and one-sided, natural and social.

It boils down to not being everywhere, and beauty is never found in it.

There is always a correlation in things, it has to do with your experience, and the mind gravitates towards it.