Definition of small and medium sized enterprises and their characteristics

Different industry standards are different.

1. Small and low-profit enterprises in the Enterprise Income Tax Law: According to Article 92 of the Regulations for the Implementation of the Enterprise Income Tax Law of the People's Republic of China (Order No. 512 of the People's Republic of China), the qualified small and low-profit enterprises mentioned in the first paragraph of Article 28 of the Enterprise Income Tax Law refer to enterprises engaged in industries that are not restricted and prohibited by the state and meet the following conditions:

1) For industrial enterprises, the annual taxable income does not exceed 300,000 yuan, the number of employees does not exceed 100, and the total assets do not exceed 30 million yuan;

2) For other enterprises, the annual taxable income shall not exceed 300,000 yuan, the number of employees shall not exceed 80, and the total assets shall not exceed 10 million yuan.

2. Small-scale VAT taxpayers: According to Article 28 of the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Provisional Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Value-Added Tax (Decree No. 50 of the Ministry of Finance of the People's Republic of China and the State Administration of Taxation), the standards for small-scale taxpayers referred to in Article 11 of the Regulations are:

1) Taxpayers engaged in the production of goods or tax-raising services, as well as taxpayers who are mainly engaged in the production of goods or tax-raising services, and concurrently engaged in the wholesale or retail of goods, and the annual value-added tax sales (hereinafter referred to as taxable sales) are less than 500,000 yuan (including this number, the same below);

2) Taxpayers other than those provided for in Item (1) of the first paragraph of this Article have annual taxable sales of less than 800,000 yuan.

For the purpose of the first paragraph of this article, the term "mainly engaged in the production of goods or tax-raising services" refers to the proportion of the taxpayer's annual taxable sales of goods production or tax-raising services in the annual taxable sales of more than 50%.

Therefore, the conditions for determining small-scale low-profit enterprises and small-scale VAT taxpayers stipulated in the Enterprise Income Tax Law are different.

The criteria for dividing large enterprises, small enterprises, and medium-sized enterprises are different according to different industries, and the division of standards is also different, as follows:

1. Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery.

Large enterprises need operating income greater than 200 million yuan, medium-sized enterprises more than 5 million yuan, and small enterprises more than 500,000 yuan.

2. Industry. Large enterprises need operating income greater than 400 million yuan and more than 1,000 employees; Medium-sized enterprises with more than 20 million yuan and more than 300 employees; Small enterprises are more than 3 million yuan, and the number of employees is more than 20.

3. Wholesale trade.

Large enterprises need operating income greater than 400 million yuan and more than 200 employees; Medium-sized enterprises with more than 50 million yuan and more than 20 employees; Small enterprises are more than 10 million yuan, and the number of employees is more than 5.

4. Warehousing industry.

Large enterprises need to have an operating income of more than 300 million yuan and more than 200 employees; Medium-sized enterprises with more than 10 million yuan and more than 100 employees; Small enterprises are more than 1 million yuan, and the number of employees is more than 20.

Definition and classification criteria for small and medium-sized enterprisesSmall and medium-sized enterprises are a relative concept, and they are economic units that are relatively small in terms of personnel scale, asset scale and business scale compared with large enterprises in their industries.

At present, China mainly divides 16 industries according to the indicators of enterprise employees, operating income, total assets, etc., combined with the characteristics of the industry.

The difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises are mainly reflected in the relatively single financing method, the lack of direct market financing channels, small and medium-sized enterprises are rarely able to raise funds by issuing bonds, and there are few enterprises that can issue first-class listing financing. According to statistics, the total amount of financing for small and medium-sized enterprises mainly relies on commercial bank loans and private loans accounted for more than 50, and because the scale of small and medium-sized enterprises is small, the development prospects are uncertain, their own credit level is not high, coupled with the information asymmetry with banks and other financial institutions, the transaction costs and risks of financial institutions in providing credit to small and medium-sized enterprises have been increased, making it difficult for small and medium-sized enterprises to borrow from banks.

The loan term is short and the amount is generally small, mainly used to solve temporary working capital, and rarely used for project development and expansion of reproduction.

Legal basis

Law of the People's Republic of China on the Promotion of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises

Article 1 This Law is enacted in order to improve the business environment for small and medium-sized enterprises, ensure the fair participation of small and medium-sized enterprises in market competition, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of small and medium-sized enterprises, support the entrepreneurship and innovation of small and medium-sized enterprises, promote the healthy development of small and medium-sized enterprises, expand employment in urban and rural areas, and give play to the important role of small and medium-sized enterprises in national economic and social development. Article 2: The term "small and medium-sized enterprises" as used in this Law refers to enterprises established in accordance with law within the territory of the People's Republic of China with relatively small staff and business scales, including medium-sized enterprises, small enterprises, and micro enterprises.

The classification standards for medium-sized enterprises, small enterprises and micro enterprises shall be formulated by the department responsible for the comprehensive management of the promotion of small and medium-sized enterprises in conjunction with the relevant departments, according to the indicators of enterprise employees, operating income, total assets, etc., combined with the characteristics of the industry, and shall be submitted for approval. Article 3 The State regards the promotion of the development of small and medium-sized enterprises as a long-term development strategy, adheres to the principle of equal rights, equal opportunities and equal rules for all types of enterprises, and implements the principles of actively supporting, strengthening guidance, improving services, regulating and protecting the rights and interests of small and medium-sized enterprises, especially small and micro enterprises, so as to create a favorable environment for the establishment and development of small and medium-sized enterprises. Article 4 Small and medium-sized enterprises shall operate in accordance with the law, abide by the national laws and regulations on labor and employment, production safety, occupational health, social security, resources and environment, quality standards, intellectual property rights, finance and taxation, etc., follow the principle of good faith, standardize internal management, and improve the level of operation and management; The lawful rights and interests of workers shall not be harmed, and the public interest shall not be harmed.

Classification criteria for large and medium-sized enterprises and small enterprises: Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery operating income of less than 20000000 yuan for small and medium-sized enterprises.

Among them, medium-sized enterprises with operating income of 5 million yuan or more, small enterprises with operating income of 500,000 yuan or more, and micro enterprises with operating income of less than 500,000 yuan. Small, medium and micro enterprises with less than 1,000 employees or operating income of less than 400,000 yuan. Medium-sized enterprises with 300 or more employees and operating income of 20 million yuan or more.

1.Large, medium and small enterprises must meet the lower limit of the listed indicators at the same time, otherwise they will be placed in one bracket; Microenterprises are required to meet only one of the indicators listed.

2.The scope of each industry in the attached table is subject to the Industrial Classification of the National Economy (GB T4754-2011). The items with * are the industry portfolio categories, of which the industry includes mining, manufacturing, electricity, heat, gas and water production and **; The transportation industry includes road transportation, water transportation, air transportation, pipeline transportation, loading and unloading, handling and transportation, excluding railway transportation; The information transmission industry includes telecommunications, radio and television and satellite transmission services, Internet and related services; Other unspecified industries include scientific research and technical services, water conservancy, environment and public facilities management, resident services, repair and other services, social work, culture, sports and entertainment, as well as real estate intermediary services, and other real estate industries, excluding self-owned real estate business activities.

3.The enterprise classification index shall be subject to the current statistical system.

1) The number of employees refers to the number of employees at the end of the period, and if there is no number of employees at the end of the period, the average number of employees for the whole year shall be used instead.

2) Operating income, industry, [1] construction, wholesale and retail trade above designated size, accommodation and catering above designated size, and other industries with main business income indicators, the main business income shall be adopted; Wholesale and retail enterprises below designated size shall adopt commodity sales as a substitute; Accommodation and catering enterprises below the designated size shall be replaced by turnover; Agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery enterprises shall adopt the total operating income instead; For other industries that do not have set the main business income, the operating income indicator is adopted.

3) The total amount of assets, which is replaced by the total amount of assets.

On December 18, the National Bureau of Statistics issued the Notice on Printing and Distributing the Measures for the Classification of Large, Medium, Small and Micro Enterprises in Statistics (2017) >, and this document has been abolished.

1. Industry. 1. Medium-sized enterprises must meet the requirements of 300 or more employees, sales of 30 million yuan and above, and total assets of 40 million yuan and above;

2. The rest are small businesses.

Second, the construction industry.

1. Medium-sized enterprises must meet the requirements of 600 or more employees, sales of 30 million yuan and above, and total assets of 40 million yuan and above;

2. The rest are small businesses.

3. Wholesale and retail trade.

1. Medium-sized enterprises in the retail industry must meet the requirements of 100 or more employees and sales of 10 million yuan or more;

2. The rest are small businesses.

Fourth, the transportation industry.

1. Medium-sized enterprises in the transportation industry must meet the needs of 500 or more employees and sales of 30 million yuan or more;

2. The rest are small businesses.

5. Accommodation and catering.

1. Medium-sized enterprises must meet the needs of 400 or more employees and sales of 30 million yuan or more;

2. The rest are small businesses.

2. The rest are small businesses.

Enterprises in Hong Kong are divided by the number of people and employees:

Small businesses with less than 50 employees and 50-300 people are medium-sized enterprises.

More than 300 employees are considered large enterprises.

It is generally calculated based on the company's fixed assets and working capital.

More than 50 billion is considered a large enterprise, and less than 50 billion is a medium and careful enterprise. The standard for small and micro enterprises seems to be 1 billion.

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Taxes, which may be measured in the amount of taxes;

**, a more comprehensive approach;

Small and medium-sized enterprises are enterprises with a larger scale of production than micro-enterprises, that is, enterprises with a high concentration of labor, labor means, labor objects and products. Small and medium-sized enterprises play a very important role in the national economy and are the focus of national construction; they meet the objective requirements of socialization of production and scientific and technological progress, and can bring about obvious economic benefits in investment, production and operation. Small and medium-sized enterprises are an important carrier for the implementation of mass entrepreneurship and innovation, and play an irreplaceable role in increasing employment, promoting economic growth, scientific and technological innovation, social harmony and stability, etc., and are of great strategic significance to national economic and social development.

Extended information: Different countries, different stages of economic development, and different industries have different standards for defining them, and they change dynamically with the development of the economy. Countries generally define SMEs in terms of quality and quantity, the qualitative indicators mainly include the organizational form of the enterprise, the financing method and the status of the industry, etc., and the quantitative indicators mainly include the number of employees, paid-in capital, total asset value, etc.

For example, the U.S. Congress promulgated the "U.S. Small Business Act" in 2001 to define small and medium-sized enterprises as the number of employees does not exceed 500, and the United Kingdom, the European Union, etc., while taking quantitative indicators, they also take qualitative indicators as an auxiliary.

Interim Provisions on Standards for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises:

1. These provisions are formulated in accordance with the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Promotion of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises.

2. The standards for small and medium-sized enterprises are formulated according to the number of employees, sales, total assets and other indicators of the enterprise, combined with the characteristics of the industry.

3. These provisions apply to industry, construction, transportation and postal services, wholesale and retail trade, accommodation and catering. Among them, industry includes mining, manufacturing, electricity, gas and water production and ** industry. Standards for small and medium-sized enterprises in industries other than this standard shall be formulated separately.