All the official kilns and private kilns of the Ming Dynasty

The five famous kilns of the Ming Dynasty, namely Ru kiln, Guan kiln, Jun kiln, Ge kiln, and Ding kiln.

The Ming Dynasty adopted the form of "government-run and private burning", and began to have official factories to burn tribute-paying porcelain. For example, in Jingdezhen set up the imperial ware factory, also known as the Jingdezhen imperial kiln factory, the special factory official, the funds come from the locality, the staff and the husband, set up more than 50 kilns, and specialize in firing the imperial vessels, that is, the tribute vessels. After the development of the two Song Dynasty periods, porcelain firing has reached a peak in terms of firing technology and utensils, and there are different representative varieties in each period, such as Yongle sweet white, Yongxuan blue and white, Chenghua Doucai, Jiawan Wucai and other porcelain leaders.

During the reign of Emperor Yongle, the porcelain production in Jingdezhen flourished, and this period was an important stage of China's porcelain firing, internal and external exchanges, inheriting the Song and Yuan dynasties, and extensively exchanging and learning with foreign countries. In addition to inheriting the exquisite craftsmanship of their predecessors and imitating the typical utensils of the Yuan Dynasty, the skilled craftsmen also boldly innovated and improved, and fired new porcelain with the characteristics of the times such as Yongle sweet white, blue and white, glaze red, etc., especially the multi-color low-temperature glaze color porcelain, which broke the tradition of monotonous colors of porcelain in the past, making it more pleasing to the eye, and laid the foundation for the later Chenghua Doucai, Jiawan Wucai and even Kang Yongqian pastel porcelain firing. On the occasion of Zheng He's voyage to the West and foreign envoys, Yongle porcelain was able to exchange with other parts of the world (export porcelain and porcelain for vassal countries) and learn the art of importing pigments from foreign countries (such as Su Ma Li Qing, which was used in Yongle blue and white).

A number of Islamic porcelain with strong regional colors also appeared in Yongle porcelain, which is not only the inheritance of the previous dynasty, but also the proof of learning from foreign countries in the new era.

The Ming Dynasty (14th century A.D. - 17th century) adopted the form of "government-run private burning", and began to have official factories to burn tribute-paying porcelain. For example, in Jingdezhen, there is a royal ware factory, a special factory official, the funds come from the locality, the servants are served, and more than 50 kilns are set up, which are specially fired to make the imperial vessels, that is, the tribute vessels. The Qing Dynasty was different from the Ming Dynasty in that it adopted a compromise form of "official and private burning".

Its products are divided into two categories: "Qin Limit" and "Ministry Limit", the former is for the emperor, and the latter is for the imperial court and diplomatic protocol.

The folk kiln is for the official kiln. Broadly speaking, all porcelain kilns and their products that are not operated by the government and are commercially produced are private kilns.

1. The source of jujube is different in the period of appearance. The official kiln first originated in the Tang Dynasty, and the government-run porcelain appeared during the Five Dynasties; In the Tang Dynasty, there was a secretary appointed to supervise the court and migrant workers to fire porcelain in the porcelain-producing area. The period of the emergence of the folk kiln is much earlier than the official kiln, and the ceramics were first produced in the folk, that is, the ceramics produced before the kiln factory formulated by the first are from the folk kiln.

2. The nature of the business is different. The nature of the operation of official kilns is generally a kiln factory run by the government or managed and supervised by the government. Compared with the official kiln, the nature of the operation of the private kiln is that it is set up spontaneously by the people, and has no official background or is restricted by the government.

3. The use of the product is different. The products produced by the official kilns are generally exclusively for the imperial court and official use. The products produced by the kiln are mainly used in the domestic and foreign markets, and the main rolls are the core state of the stool and are characterized by commodity.

4. The scale of development is different. The proportion of the private kiln in the output is much larger than that of the official kiln, and in the Qing Dynasty, the private kiln occupied an overwhelming advantage, and the official kiln porcelain was also produced by the private kiln.

During the Tang Dynasty, the official kiln appeared, and the official kiln at that time referred to the official factory and tribute vessels, which were produced in the form of official supervision and private firing, and the porcelain was fired, and thousands of selections were selected.

10. One out of 100 is selected to pay tribute to the ruling class, and the selected porcelain is called official kiln or tribute porcelain. The folk kiln is relative to the official kiln, and in a broad sense, it is operated by the non-government government, and the production is mainly commercial porcelain for the use of the common people.

The difference between a private kiln and an official kiln is:

The official kiln was built and fired under the auspices of the government, and all the actions of the army were based on serving the imperial palace. The official kiln can also forcibly possess high-quality porcelain clay and raw materials, labor the world's skilled craftsmen, and control the glaze and porcelain-making technology, strictly prohibit the people to imitate, regardless of the production cost, the production technology is exquisite, representing the country's most divine or high porcelain technology level at that time. Every operation link strives to achieve excellence.

The folk kiln mainly serves the common people, and according to the different needs of the market, they choose the appropriate place to produce and sell all kinds of porcelain by themselves. At present, most of the kilns found in Longquan are mainly private kilns, which have strong subjective arbitrariness in all aspects such as modeling, structure, materials, and messy timbering.

1. The official kiln was built and presided over by the government, and all actions were based on serving the imperial palace. The official kiln can also forcibly possess high-quality porcelain clay and raw materials, enslave the world's skilled craftsmen, and control the glaze and porcelain-making technology, strictly prohibit the people to imitate, regardless of the production cost, the production technology is exquisite, representing the highest level of porcelain-making technology in the country at that time. Every operation link strives to achieve excellence.

2. The kiln mainly serves the ordinary people, and selects the appropriate place to produce and sell all kinds of porcelain according to the different needs of the market. At present, most of the kilns that have been found in Longquan are mainly folk kilns, which have strong subjective arbitrariness in all aspects such as modeling, structure, materials, and materials.

Summary. Hello dear <>

There are obvious differences between the official kiln porcelain and the folk kiln porcelain of the Yuan Dynasty in terms of appearance, production technology, decorative patterns, etc. 1.Appearance differences:

The shape and specifications of the official kiln porcelain are generally more regular, and the overall appearance is more fine and beautiful, while the folk kiln porcelain is mainly natural and simple form, and sometimes there are some flaws, which appear more simple and natural. 2.Differences in production process:

The production process of official kiln porcelain is relatively fine, and the materials for making porcelain, the firing technology, the firing temperature, and the glaze treatment are all carefully designed and controlled. Minyao porcelain, on the other hand, is relatively simple in terms of production process, usually using relatively ordinary raw materials and techniques, the firing temperature is relatively low, and the production process does not consider details and perfection too much. 3.

Decorative pattern difference: The decorative patterns of official kiln porcelain mostly use delicate and exquisite painting techniques, usually using blue and white, color painting and other techniques, and the patterns are mainly official patterns and ornaments. The decorative patterns of folk kiln porcelain are more handmade techniques such as clay carving and carving, and the patterns are mainly based on folk patterns and ornamentation.

In general, the official kiln porcelain of the Yuan Dynasty and the porcelain of the folk kiln have obvious differences in appearance, production technology, decorative patterns, etc., which need to be accurately determined by the identification of professionals.

How is the difference between Yuan Dynasty official kiln porcelain and folk kiln porcelain?

Hello dear <>

There are obvious differences between the official kiln porcelain and the folk kiln porcelain of the Yuan Dynasty in terms of appearance, production technology, decorative patterns, etc. 1.Appearance differences:

The shape and specifications of the official kiln porcelain are generally more regular, and the overall appearance is more fine and beautiful, while the folk kiln porcelain is mainly natural and simple form, and sometimes there are some flaws, which appear more simple and natural. 2.Differences in production process:

The production process of official kiln porcelain is relatively fine, and the materials for making porcelain, the firing technology, the firing temperature, and the glaze treatment are all carefully designed and controlled. Minyao porcelain, on the other hand, is relatively simple in terms of production process, usually using relatively ordinary raw materials and techniques, the firing temperature is relatively low, and the production process does not consider details and perfection too much. 3.

Decorative pattern difference: The decorative patterns of official kiln porcelain mostly use delicate and exquisite painting techniques, usually using blue and white, color painting and other techniques, and the patterns are mainly official patterns and ornaments. The decorative patterns of folk kiln porcelain are more handmade techniques such as clay carving and carving, and the patterns are mainly based on folk patterns and ornamentation.

In general, the official kiln porcelain of the Yuan Dynasty and the porcelain of the folk kiln have obvious differences in appearance, production technology, decorative patterns, etc., which need to be accurately determined by the identification of professionals.

Did the Yuan Dynasty Ji blue glazed porcelain vase belong to the official kiln?

What is the bottom tire of the Yuan Dynasty Ji blue glazed porcelain vase?

The pro-<> Yuan Dynasty Ji blue glazed porcelain vase belonged to the official kiln, and it was made by the official and mainly used by the royal family. The bottom is usually flat, and sometimes it is engraved with the logo of the official kiln, such as the words "Daming official kiln", "official", etc.