What are the main features of heart failure?

Heart failure is a serious threat to people's health. There are many symptoms of heart failure, the most common ones are the following: dyspnea: is the earliest and most common symptom of left-sided heart failure.

Mainly caused by acute or chronic pulmonary stasis and decreased lung capacity. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea is a manifestation of left-sided heart failure, in which patients often wake up from deep sleep, have a feeling of suffocation, are forced to sit up, cough frequently, and have severe dyspnea. Cough and hemoptysis:

A common symptom of left-sided heart failure, along with fatigue, insomnia, palpitations, and epigastric distention: an earlier symptom of right-sided heart failure. It is often accompanied by loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, and epigastric distension.

Heart failure is not an independent disease, but an end-stage stage in the development of heart disease. The vast majority of these heart failures begin with left-sided heart failure, which begins with pulmonary congestion. Heart failure presents primarily with dyspnea, weakness leading to decreased exercise tolerance, and fluid retention leading to pulmonary congestion and peripheral edema.

Heart failure usually appears shortness of breath, fatigue, palpitations and edema of the lower limbs, the third patient needs to understand the relevant knowledge of the disease, correctly understand the disease, maintain emotional stability, can effectively prevent the aggravation of the disease, and also need to take diuretics and antiplatelet drugs according to the doctor's instructions, which can effectively prevent thrombosis and avoid comorbidities.

Heart Failure Symptoms:

1. Frequent cough and asthma symptoms similar to tracheitis.

Patients with left-sided heart failure may have frequent dry cough or abnormal chest tightness in the early stages of the disease, especially after exercise or exertion. Some patients wake up suddenly at night with shortness of breath that subsides only when they sit up.

2. The patient is prone to loss of appetite, accompanied by abdominal distension and pain, similar to the diarrhea symptoms of gastroenteritis.

These symptoms are predominantly seen in patients with right-sided heart failure. The patient's right heart return blood is obstructed, resulting in the interruption of blood circulation, increased venous pressure, and visceral congestion, which in turn causes the patient to show abnormal symptoms such as loss of appetite, abdominal distention, and nausea. Some severe patients are also prone to abdominal pain and diarrhea due to ischemic spasm of gastrointestinal smooth muscle.

3. The patient's urine is low and the body is swollen, and its symptoms are similar to those of kidney diseases.

Patients with heart failure will have a decrease in blood output due to the reduced blood output of the heart, resulting in congestion in the blood circulation in the body, insufficient blood flow in the kidneys, and eventually a decrease in urine flow for 24 hours, and a polyuria symptom at night.

What is heart failure? What are the symptoms?

Heart failure is a pathophysiological condition in which cardiac dysfunction results in the inability to maintain adequate cardiac output to meet the metabolic demands of tissues. Weakened myocardial contractility and increased pre- and post-load are the basic causes of heart failure. Let's introduce it to you.

Infections, arrhythmias, and irrationality are the most common causes of heart failure. The first unreasonable heart failure, such as the application of inappropriate negative inotropic drugs, insufficient dosage of digitalis, etc. Infections, particularly respiratory infections and infective endocarditis, are important causes of heart failure.

Arrhythmias, particularly atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular rate and other tachyarrhythmias, are important causes of heart failure. Other causes of heart failure include pulmonary embolism, physical or mental overload, and comorbid disorders with increased metabolic demands such as hyperthyroidism and arteriovenous fistula. Knowing the most important causes of heart failure can lead to better prevention and treatment of the disease.

Heart failure needs to be standardized and reasonable, and attention should be paid to formulating a reasonable plan according to the patient's condition. Patients with heart failure should prevent colds, keep warm when the weather is cold, and timely when a cold occurs**. If patients have symptoms related to arrhythmias, they should not be ignored and it is best to seek medical attention in time.

Respiratory tract infections, arrhythmias, excessive physical exertion or agitation, pre-existing heart disease that is not timely** or worsened.

Beijing Deshengmen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine - Gong Honghai - MD - Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Department - What are the predisposing factors of heart failure.

1. Primary myocardial damage.

1) Ischemic myocardial damage: Coronary heart disease, myocardial ischemia and/or myocardial infarction is one of the most common causes of heart failure.

2) Myocarditis and cardiomyopathy: Various types of myocarditis and cardiomyopathy can lead to heart failure, with viral myocarditis and primary dilated cardiomyopathy being the most common.

3) Myocardial metabolic disorders: diabetic cardiomyopathy is the most common, others such as cardiomyopathy secondary to hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, myocardial amyloidosis, etc.

2. The heart is overloaded.

1) Excessive pressure load (afterload): It is seen in diseases with increased systolic ejection resistance of the left and right ventricles, such as hypertension, aortic stenosis, pulmonary hypertension, and pulmonary stenosis. To overcome increased resistance, the ventricular muscle compensates for hypertrophy to ensure ejection volume.

Long-lasting overload inevitably leads to structural and functional changes in the myocardium and eventually decompensation, resulting in a decrease in cardiac blood output.

2) Excessive volume load (preload): seen in the following two conditions: heart valve insufficiency, blood regurgitation, such as aortic regurgitation, mitral regurgitation, etc.; Congenital cardiovascular diseases of left and right heart or arteriovenous shunts, such as septal defects, patent ductus arteriosus, etc.

In addition, diseases accompanied by systemic blood volume increase or circulating blood volume, such as chronic anemia and hyperthyroidism, will inevitably increase the volume load of the heart. In the early stage of volume load, the ventricular cavity compensates for enlargement, and the myocardial systolic function can remain normal, but decompensation occurs when the myocardial structure and function change beyond a certain limit.

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Basic**: (1) Decreased myocardial contractility: a variety of myocardial diseases such as coronary heart disease, idiopathic cardiomyopathy, Keshan disease, myocarditis of various causes, etc.

2) Aggravation of cardiac load: one is a disease that causes an increase in ventricular systolic load, and the other is a disease that causes an increase in ventricular diastolic load, such as mitral regurgitation and aortic regurgitation.

2.Induce **:(1) infection:

In particular, respiratory tract infections are the most common triggers, and rheumatic fever, viral myocarditis, and infective endocarditis can also cause heart failure. (2) Physical labor, mood and climate: Long-term overwork and strong mood fluctuations can increase the burden on the heart and induce heart failure.

Sudden changes in climate such as cold, heat or humidity can also cause the disease. (3) Improper and excessive sodium intake: relax the control of salt intake, and once symptoms appear, take a large amount of digitalis, resulting in digitalis poisoning.

4) Arrhythmia: Structural heart disease can often cause arrhythmia, and occasional premature atrium, premature ventricular and mild block have little impact on the heart. (5) Pulmonary embolism:

Structural heart disease such as mitral valve stenosis is often combined with atrial fibrillation, which is prone to intraatrial thrombosis, and patients with heart failure are bedridden for a long time and are prone to venous thrombosis of the lower limbs. (6) High cardiac output state: pregnancy, childbirth, hyperthyroidism or other high cardiac output states do not often cause heart failure, but can induce heart failure on the basis of heart disease.

Heart failure refers to the fact that due to some reasons, the contractility of the myocardium is significantly weakened, and the blood output is sharply reduced in a short period of time, causing circulatory disorders, resulting in insufficient blood supply to the arterial system and stasis of the venous system. Heart failure occurs more often in the elderly, and its symptoms are mainly the following 8 points:

Difficulty breathing occurs when working or climbing stairs;

Sudden difficulty breathing during sleep and improvement when sitting up;

edema of the lower extremities, decreased urine output;

I don't have a cold but I have a cough, phlegm, palpitation, and breathlessness;

insomnia, fatigue, loss of appetite;

The condition worsens, the limbs twitch, apnea, cyanosis, but immediately after the attack, it returns to normal;

Decreased blood pressure, increased heart rate, paleness, clammy cold, irritability;

Breathing is extremely difficult, there is a feeling of choking, coughing, coughing up large amounts of pink frothy sputum.

If there are 1-5 of the above symptoms, it is a typical manifestation of early heart failure and should be noted; If there are 6 items that can be matched, it is due to cerebral ischemia caused by cardiac syncope; If all of them are present, it is a manifestation of acute pulmonary edema.

During the onset of heart failure, you cannot move, and you can take a semi-recumbent or sitting position to reduce breathing difficulties. If you sweat a lot, you should pay attention to keeping warm, and those who have the conditions should provide oxygen in time. The limbs can also be ligated in rotation with cloth tape, which can be changed every 5-10 minutes, which can reduce the amount of blood returning to the heart and reduce the burden on the heart.

The patient's mood should be stable and optimistic, and he can be sent to the hospital for diagnosis and treatment after the condition is relieved.

What is the reason for this? How can it be prevented? Heart failure is an early sign that the heart is so overburdened that it can no longer complete heart failure Heart failure refers to the significant weakening of myocardial contractility and the amount of blood discharged due to some reason.

Heart failure occurs when cor pulmonale and rheumatic heart disease reach the point of being severe.

The main symptoms are; palpitation, dyspnea, rapid heart rate; Cold sweats, inability to lie flat at night, spitting pink frothy sputum, pain in the liver area, discomfort in the upper abdomen, loss of appetite, and severe symptoms such as edema of the lower limbs and ascites.

**Mainly for** such as; To remove the cause of heart failure, take a semi-recumbent position, drop both lower limbs, and apply cardiac agents such as; digitalis, digoxin, cediran, etc., diuretics, oxygen inhalation, etc.

The disease must be hospitalized**. Because it is caused by heart disease, you should not ** yourself, so as not to be dangerous.

Children with severe pneumonia and those with congenital heart disease are often susceptible to heart failure, which may be related to several factors:

1) Anatomical and physiological characteristics of the pediatric heart: the myocardial fibers of the pediatric heart are thin and loosely intertwined, with few connective tissues and elastic fibers, but the pediatric metabolism is vigorous, so the burden on the heart is relatively large.

2) Hypoxia and infection in case of pneumonia:

Hypoxia causes insufficient production of adenosine triphosphate and phosphomusase in myocardial cells, resulting in a decrease in chemical energy and weakness of myocardial contraction.

The action of bacterial metabolites and toxins can damage the heart muscle.

Inflammatory lesions in the lungs increase the resistance of the pulmonary circulatory and increase the burden on the heart.

Factors such as fever enhance metabolism and increase oxygen consumption, forcing the heart to increase its activity and increasing the burden on the heart.

3) Children with congenital heart disease, rickets and other diseases, usually the heart burden is heavy, once pneumonia occurs, it is more likely to cause heart failure.

In conclusion, the impact of pulmonary infection on the heart is mainly on the right heart, therefore, hepatic stasis and hematoma should be regarded as the main sign of pediatric pneumonia complicated by heart failure. Elevated heart rate is also often used as one of the diagnostic criteria for heart failure, but it does not seem to be reliable to determine the presence or absence of heart failure based on elevated heart rate alone, because the heart rate of normal children is fast and unstable, and it can reach 180 200 beats per minute when crying, and it is not uncommon for heart rate to be as fast as more than 200 beats per minute if there is fever or hypoxia. When pneumonia complicated by heart failure is suspected, heart rate measurement after sleep onset makes sense.

Answer]:A The most common cause of heart failure is coronary heart disease. [This question is aimed at ". .Heart failure".

Answer]: B The causes of heart failure include: infection, arrhythmia, overload of the heart, pregnancy and childbirth, hyperthyroidism, anemia, water and electrolyte imbalance, **Improper inappropriate, etc., among which respiratory tract infection is the most common and important trigger.

Atrial fibrillation is one of the most common arrhythmias seen in organic cardiac fighting disease and is the most important factor in heart failure (note the difference from respiratory infections).