Did the ancient Chinese use soap? 10

In ancient China, there was no soap, and in ancient times, honey locusts were used to wash clothes, and the effect was the same as soap!

We now use soap and other laundry for bathing, what did the ancients use to make detergent? In fact, "soap" has a long history in China, the following is the ancient "soap" knowledge I bring to you, welcome to read, more practical information please pay attention.

The ancients were the first to use plant ash as a detergent. The Book of Rites. The Inner Rules say:

The crown is covered with dirt, and the ash is rinsed. It means: When the strap of the hat is dirty, it is washed with the ashes of the plants.

This is because the potassium carbonate in plant ash removes oil. According to the record of the "Examination of the Work", in order to make the silk soft and white, the ancients wet the silk with plant ash water, put in the ash made of shells (the ancients called it "mirage"), and soaked it in water. This is because plant ash water and shell ash can react to produce a strong alkali – potassium hydroxide.

The Han people already knew how to wash clothes with natural stone alkali. Jin people also added starch and spices to the stone alkali to make ingots**. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Beijing opened a shop specializing in artificial soda, among which "Hexianglou" and "Huahanchong" were still selling boxed peach-shaped and gourd-shaped rose parsine until the early years of liberation.

In addition to fragrant alkali, the ancients used honey locust more to wash clothes. In the market of Lin'an (now Hangzhou), the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, there is a kind of orange-sized round ball made of honey locust powder, and Zhou Mi recorded its name in "Wulin Old Things": soap ball.

Put soap ball in water to foam and remove stains. Later, detergents with similar effects imported from the West were also called "soaps".

So what about the "pancreas"? During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Jia Siqian had already mentioned the use of pig pancreas to remove scale. There is a recipe in the Tang Dynasty "Medicine Sage" Sun Simiao's "Thousand Gold Prescriptions":

Use the washed pork pancreas, grind it into powder, and add soybean flour spices to make granules. This is the ancient pancreas, also called bath beans. Later, people combined pancreas and aroma alkali to make a large dumpling, which is the osmanthus pancreas and rose pancreas mentioned in "The Legend of Children's Heroes".

Therefore, in ancient times, people mostly used grass ash or wood ash, soap horn, bath beans and other stain removers for laundry, which is equivalent to the brands such as stain stain remover commonly used by people now, although the effect is not as good as that of modern times, but it is indeed the top decontamination star product at that time.

In ancient times, when there was no laundry and soap, alkaline earth, plant alkali, and pancreas were mainly used.

Alkaline soil should refer to the soil with more alkaline soil and more sodium carbonate. Phytoalkali refers to plant ash (containing potassium carbonate) and saponaria. Pancreas refers to pig pancreas (used to make bath beans).

The use of plant ash to wash clothes is recorded in the "Book of Rites: Internal Rules": "The crown is dirty, and the ashes are cleaned; Grim and gray clothes. During the Wei and Jin dynasties (220-589), soaphorn was used, and later it was mashed and made into a ball for washing the face and body.

Bath beans also began to be used during this period. For stubborn stains such as oil stains, a mixed decontamination method is used in the absence of Arc Tide. "Leng Lu Miscellaneous Knowledge: Oil-stained Clothing Prescription" records:

Oil-stained clothing, the best topcoat method. Mix well with raw wheat flour in cold water, thickly coat the affected area, dry it thoroughly, wash it with 100 boiling hot soup and soaphorn, and there is no trace of oil.

A washing product of pancreas in ancient times. On the basis of the process of making "bath beans", noisy sugar is added in the process of pig pancreas grinding, and soda ash is used instead of soybean flour, and then melted lard and spices are added, and after uniformity, it is pressed into balls or blocks, which is ready. Its chemical composition was similar to that of today's soaps.

In North China and Northeast China, pancreas are mainly used. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, there were more than 70 pancreatic shops in Beijing. After the rise of the new soap industry, pancreas gradually replaced it.

Until the fifties of this century, there are still old pancreatic shops such as Hexianglou and Hua Hanchong outside the front gate of Beijing, of which Hexianglou was opened in the fourth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (1631 AD). In addition, "soap" made from soaphorn solution, etc., is also commonly called "pancreas". The thirty-seventh chapter of "The Heroic Biography of Children":

Asked the little girl to scoop a basin of cold water and pour it on his hands first. I also made some osmanthus pancreas and rose pancreas. ”

Honey locust (all-natural, the same function as today's soap.) The most used is honey locust, and most of today's supplies have soap characters, although there is an essential difference between the two. But it still follows to this day).

In ancient times, there was a kind of fruit that could be decontaminated, called pods.

Ancient people washed clothes in some places with soil alkali, no soil alkali with honey locust (mashed, boiled juice and then soaked clothes) or with plant ash water, tofu slurry water, these kinds of water are very alkaline, although the ancient people did not have soap, washing powder, with these raw materials can still wash the clothes hope to adopt.

There is a similar soap horn powder that can be used to wash clothes and wash hands.

I don't think so, but if you have the money, you can put fresh or dried petals in it.

There is no soap, but there is soap. A plant extract.

During the Wei and Jin dynasties, there was a detergent called"Bath beans"In the Tang Dynasty, Sun Simiao's "Qianjin Yao Fang" and "Qianjin Yifang" once recorded that the pig pancreas washed the dirty blood of the pig's pancreas, tore off the fat and ground it into a paste, and then added soybean flour, spices, etc., and after mixing evenly, it became a bath bean that can be used for washing after natural drying.

Soap is the oldest detergent, and its origin is based on an ancient legend:

In the Song Dynasty, there was a synthetic detergent, which is to mash and grind natural honey locust (also known as soap horn, hanging knife, soap locust, commonly known as soap horn), add spices and other substances to make an orange-sized ball, which is specially used for washing the face and bathing the body, commonly known as soap ball. The Song Dynasty Zhou Mi Wulin Old Stories Volume 6 Small Brokers recorded that there were already businessmen who specialized in soap groups in Lin'an, Kyoto, Southern Song Dynasty.

The Compendium of Materia Medica of the Ming Dynasty Li Shizhen recorded the manufacturing method of soap ball: Honey locust grows in the high mountains, the tree is tall, the leaves are like sandalwood and honey locust leaves, it blooms in May and June, the pods are three or four inches, fat and fleshy, there are several sunspots in it, it is as big as a finger, it is not round, there are white kernels, and it is edible.

In October, the pods are picked, boiled and mashed, and the white flour and incense are used as pills, and the body is bathed, and the dirt is removed and greasy, which is better than the honey locust. 」。In addition to natural honey locusts, plants such as soapberry are also spread among the people and become a good detergent.

According to historical records, the earliest soap recipes originated in Mesopotamia in Western Asia (meaning "the place between two rivers", referring to the Euphrates and Tigris rivers). Around 3000 B.C., people mixed 1 part oil and 5 parts alkaline vegetable ash to make a detergent, and there are many legends about the origin of soap in Europe. Once, during the festival, there was a sudden heavy rain, and the hairstyle was drenched, but people unexpectedly found that the hair became clean.

Legend has it that when the Romans sacrificed to the gods, the barbecued beef and sheep fat dripped into the ashes of the plants and trees, and it was formed.

grease balls". When women do their laundry, they find that clothes that are stained with "grease balls" are easier to clean. This shows that people have been using animal fat and plant ash (alkali) soap for thousands of years.

Archaeologists have discovered soap-making workshops in the ruins of Pompeii, Italy. This shows that the Romans had already begun primitive soap production as early as the 2nd century AD. The Chinese also knew early on about using plant ash and trona to wash clothes, and people also mixed pig pancreas and lard with natural mule to make blocks, said.

pancreas". In the early days, soap was a luxury, until 1791, when the French chemist Lublan succeeded in making caustic soda cheaply by electrolyzing table salt, thus ending the ancient method of producing caustic soda from plant ash. In 1823, the German chemist Chevre discovered the structure and properties of fatty acids, and soap is a type of fatty acid. At the end of the 19th century, the soap-making industry was transformed from a handicraft workshop to an industrial production.

The reason why soap can be decontaminated is because it has a special molecular structure, one end of the molecule is hydrophilic, and the other end is lipophilic, at the interface between water and oil, soap emulsifies the oil and makes the oil dissolve in soapy water; At the water-air interface, soap encloses the molecules of the air to form soap foam. The dirt, which was originally insoluble in water, can no longer adhere to the surface of the garment due to the action of soap, and dissolves in the soap foam, and is finally washed off completely.

In the 18th century, the French used salt and charcoal to make "artificial soda" instead of the traditional lye juice extracted from ashes. In the 19th century, the Germans invented the use of electricity to decompose salt water to make sodium hydroxide; Since then, the popularity of caustic soda has transformed soap from a commodity that only the royal nobility could afford to buy into a daily commodity for the common people.

Prior to this, soap was made by experienced craftsmen. It is prepared by using the ratio of fat to lye juice, and because there is no information to refer to, it is often retried because it cannot be coagulated.

It is worth mentioning that in the United States during the pioneer period, immigrants would choose a day when the weather was warm in early spring and gather the whole village to make soap.

The material of soap** is to extract astringent juice from oak, beech and other woods as alkali juice**, and if it is not enough, add it from the ashes of the stove. With lye juice, the oil was obtained from animal fats or vegetable oils for cooking, but once the oil and water were separated, they had to start all over again, and it was not until the 19th century that companies invested in the production of soap.

In ancient times, there was no soap, and in the past, it was used to use soap horn, which was picked from the tree and directly used or ground into powder. Soap is estimated to have only existed in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

In our lives, soap is indispensable for a day.

Wash your face with soap, take a bath with soap, and wash with laundry soap. Wash your face every day, and wash and change your clothes frequently. Clothes that have been worn for a long time will emit a sour smell due to dust, oil and sweat.

Oil-stained clothing is a breeding ground for bacteria. Dirt can also corrode and destroy the fibers of the fabric, and only regular washing can make the clothes last longer. In ancient times, people folded their clothes on the bluestone slabs by the river, and repeatedly beat them with wooden sticks.

In ancient times, whether it was the East or the West, the earliest detergent ingredients were nothing more than sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate. The former is a natural lake mineral product, and the latter is the main washing component of plant ash. The invention of soap is said to have been made by the Phoenicians on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean.

Legend has it that in a royal palace in ancient Egypt in the 7th century B.C., a Phoenician cook accidentally knocked over a jar of cooking oil in the ground, and he was so frightened that he quickly sprinkled the ashes from the stove on it before anyone else found it, and then took the ashes mixed with the grease out and threw them away.

Looking at the greasy hands on his hands, he thought: I don't know when I will wash my dirty hands! He hesitated as he put his hand in the water.

A miracle happened: he just rubbed it lightly, and the greasy on his hands was easily washed away. Even the old dirt that had been difficult to wash off was washed away.

The chef was so strange that he asked the other chefs to try it with the oil, and everyone's hands were cleaner than before. As a result, the servants in the kitchen often washed their hands with grease and plant ashes. Later, the pharaoh also learned of this secret and asked the cook to make some plant ashes mixed with oil for him to wash his hands.

Of course, legends are just legends after all, and they may not be taken entirely seriously. However, the Egyptian lake near the city of Alexandria is rich in natural sodium carbonate, so it is not surprising that ancient Egypt was relatively developed in washing technology, and soap was invented.

In addition to high-grade fatty acid salts, soap also contains fillers such as rosin, water glass, spices, and dyes. Structurally, the molecule of sodium fatty acid contains a non-polar hydrophobic moiety (hydrocarbon group) and a polar hydrophilic moiety (carboxyl group).

The hydrophobic base has lipophilic properties. During washing, the grease in the dirt is stirred and dispersed into fine oil droplets, and when it comes into contact with the soap, the hydrophobic group (hydrocarbon group) of the sodium molecule of the higher fatty acid is inserted into the oil droplet, and the van der Waals force binds to the oil molecule. The hydrophilic group (carboxyl) part, which is easily soluble in water, extends out of the oil droplet and inserts into the water.

In this way, the oil droplets are surrounded by soap molecules, dispersed and suspended in water to form an emulsion, and then rinsed away with water after friction and vibration, which is the principle of soap decontamination. However, ordinary soap should not be used in hard or acidic water. In hard water, calcium and magnesium stearates that are insoluble in water are generated, and fatty acids that are insoluble in water are formed in acidic water, which greatly reduces their decontamination ability.

Soap is made of a special plant, combined with a special stone, and it is soap.

The more common things in ancient times were plant ash (containing alkali ingredients) and animal fats, find a Douban to share, you can modify it as a reference for crossing**.

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The ancient soap was made with the soaphorn clamp of the soaphorn tree to wash clothes, and it really helped you look forward to it