Which country was established by the clan, and how were the clans and tribes formed?

There was no state when the clan was founded. It was in primitive society.

The matrilineal clan commune is the human community formed by blood after the primitive group, and it is the first and main stage of the clan commune.

The matriarchal clan communes in ancient China appeared about 20,000 years ago, and at this time the human physique had entered"Newcomers"stage, equivalent to the Upper Paleolithic period of archaeology. The period of development of matrilineal clan communes was about 7,000 to 5,000 years ago.

Due to the improvement of the technology of manufacturing tools and the increase in the level of productivity in the new human stage, the unstable and loose blood family in the past is no longer suitable for the needs of the development of the productive forces, and the emergence of relatively stable production groups and living units that can often maintain economic ties is required to ensure the continuity of production and the inheritance and accumulation of technical experience, which is the economic basis for the emergence of clans.

Extra-clan marriage is a prerequisite for the emergence of clans. In addition to the above-mentioned economic reasons, the emergence of extra-clan marriage is also due to the gradual recognition of the adverse consequences of consanguineous marriage, and the gradual restriction of marriage is gradually introduced, that is, the prohibition of intermarriage between siblings and adjacent brothers and sisters, this kind of marriage relationship is called extra-clan marriage.

A clan is a social unit that originates from an old grandmother, has a specific clan name, is premised on extra-clan marriage, is linked by blood relations, and has a common belief in a relatively solid economic life.

What the landlord wants to ask is not the country established by the Di people? The Di people established three regimes from the Western Jin Dynasty to the Northern and Southern Dynasties, namely the Qiuchi regime established by the Qing Shui Di Yang clan, the former Qin regime established by the Linwei Di Fu Jian, and the Houliang regime established by the Luoyang Di Lu clan. Among them, the former Qin regime once unified northern China.

Qiu Chi is cold in front of Qin and after Qin.

Primitive societyIn order to survive, toBlood relationshipThe members of a combined human social group generally share a common ancestor. Approximately produced fromPaleolithicMedium and late stage. They often use an animal or plant as the totemic mark of their clan.

In the clan, there are certain provisions for marriage. In the early days, it was intra-clan marriage, but it was forbidden for elders to marry with younger generations, and marriage between siblings was also excluded, and even the farthest side relatives of the mother were forbidden.

Marriage, in the later stage, it is a marriage between clans, and there may also be snatching relatives. The members of the clan were on equal footing, worked collectively, distributed equally, and property was shared.

Public affairs are managed by the clan chief, and major affairs are decided by the clan council composed of clan members. Clan societies have passed through matrilineal clan societies.

Patrilineal clan society. Around the time of the co-use of copper and stone due to private ownership.

development and disintegration.

Historical stages of development.

Clans experience both matriarchy and patriarchy.

Two stages of development. Matriarchy is an inevitable product of the low productivity of primitive societies and the early group marriage system. Under this system, one cannot determine the father of the child, only the mother of the child; Women manage the household and play a leading role in economic life, they dominate the clan, the lineage is calculated on the basis of the matrilineal, and the property is inherited by the matrilineal blood relatives.

With the development of agriculture and animal husbandry and the transition from group marriage to couples, men were in a dominant position in economic life, people could know exactly the father of the child, the lineage was changed to the patrilineal line, the property was inherited by the patrilineal blood relatives, the man became the center of the maintenance of the clan, and the matriarchy was replaced by the patriarchal system.

The primitive tribe is the earliest form of forming society, there are two kinds, the early stage is the matrilineal clan society, the later is the patrilineal clan society, the main reason for the formation of clans and tribes is the extremely low productivity at that time, the people at that time in order to survive and adapt to the needs of the environment and form a group. As for the matrilineal and paternal lines, as the name suggests, they are dominated by women and men, respectively. In the early days, it was the young and middle-aged people in the tribe or clan who searched or hunted for food, the old and weak groups were at home, and after the hunting returned, everyone shared equally, and in the later period, due to the different abilities, the nobility was slowly formed in the tribe, and then to the slave society.

Historical terms. Refers to the historical stages that have been experienced before the history that is not clearly documented. Chinese historiography refers to the history before the Xia Dynasty as prehistory.

Including the primitive society and the legendary period in which Yao, Shun and Yu lived. The study of prehistory relies mainly on archaeological discoveries of human remains, as well as myths and legends. Humans arose during this period and gradually evolved into modern humans through labor.

The social form has transitioned from the primitive group to the blood family and entered the clan society. During this period, it went through two stages: matrilineal clan and patrilineal clan, and finally entered the class society with the emergence of the concept of private ownership within the clan, the differentiation between the rich and the poor, leading to antagonism. In prehistoric times, humans had mastered the technology of making tools, mainly stony.

The production method has developed from beating to grinding. In the early days, the methods of labor were gathering and hunting, and with the advancement of tool-making technology, there was a surplus of labor gains, and gradually the primitive cropping (agriculture) and livestock breeding industry gradually emerged. Humans have also moved from migratory impermanence to sedentary life.

After the concept of blood kinship is formed, the same blood relatives live together to form clans and tribes. During this period, human beings invented artificial fire and pottery technology, and in the late prehistoric period, copper smelting technology was invented, and human production has continued to develop since settlement. Conflicts between tribes over land and wealth often lead to alliances between tribes in order to increase their strength, by close blood or out of interests.

After the emergence of private ownership, two opposing classes gradually emerged within the tribal alliance, which eventually led to the establishment of the city-state.

The main difference is the concept:

Clan: Clan is the basic and original form of social organization in primitive society, divided into matrilineal clan and patrilineal clan.

Shi clan: Shi clan refers to the family with the same blood, the family of the nobles for generations, and also refers to the class of the gentry family who was different from the common people and formed a special class during the Northern and Southern Dynasties.

Matrilineal clans arose in primitive societies when human beings were transformed from primitive groups to clan organizations. Under the matrilineal clan system, children belong to the members of the mother's clan, and the lineage is counted according to the mother's side, and women are generally respected in the clan and become the center of the clan society.

In the later part of the barbaric era, the patrilineal clan replaced the matrilineal clan, and the children changed from members of the maternal clan to members of the father's clan, and the bloodline and lineage of the children were also calculated according to the patrilineal, and a new inheritance system was implemented in which the children inherited the father's property, and the husband was in a dominant position in the family.

In ancient times, clans and tribes were divided by blood relations, and experienced matrilineal clan societies before and after.

and patrilineal clan societies.

Primitive societyAt that time, the productivity was extremely low, and people's ability to live and survive was very low, in the natural environment at that time.

In harsh and beast-infested situations, the members of human social groups bound together by blood ties in order to survive generally have a common ancestor. The same blood relatives live together to form clans and tribes.

Clan. In the early days, it was the young adults of the tribe or clan who hunted, fished, and collected plant seeds to obtain food.

Shared by the elderly and infirm and young children at home.

Catch fish. Clans arose around the Paleolithic period.

Medium and late stage. They mostly use an animal or plant as the totemic mark of their clan. In the clan, there are certain regulations on marriage.

In the early days, marriage was carried out within the clan, but intermarriage between elders and younger generations was prohibited, and marriage between siblings was also excluded, and even the farthest side relatives of the mother were forbidden.

Marriage, in the later period, the scope of marriage gradually expanded, and marriages between clans may also have relatives. Members within the clan had equal status, collective labor, equal distribution of food, and sharing of property. The clan chiefs manage the internal affairs of the clan, and major matters are decided by the clan council composed of clan members.

Historically, the clans have experienced both matriarchy and patriarchy.

Two stages of development. In the early period, it was a matrilineal clan society with women as the main body, and in the later period, it was a patrilineal clan society with men as the main body.

Harvest. Matriarchy is a product of the low productivity of primitive societies and the early system of group marriage. Under this system, one cannot determine who the father of the child is, only the mother of the child; Women play a leading role in economic life by managing the children in the household, they dominate the clan, and the lineage is also calculated on the basis of the maternal line, and the property is inherited by the maternal blood relatives.

With the development of agriculture and animal husbandry, the group marriage system also transitioned to the dual marriage system, men began to dominate economic life, people can know the father of the child for sure, the lineage is also calculated according to the patrilineal line, the property is inherited by the patrilineal blood kinship, the man becomes the center of the maintenance of the clan, and the matriarchy is replaced by the patriarchy.

Generally, it is divided by ancestors. Just like our current family, people with the same bloodline are a clan.

It is usually divided according to clan, sometimes according to customs, and also according to personal prestige.

It is based on blood lineage, which is a very clear standard, and the way of division is more traditional and very well-founded.

A nation is "a stable community formed by people in history with a common language, a common territory, a common economic life, and a common psychological quality expressed in a common culture".Therefore, different from human races, ethnicities are social unifications formed over a long period of history, and are formed due to the differences in economic life, language, living habits, and historical development of various ethnic groups (or tribes) in different regions.

Clan society, called clan commune. That is, the grassroots unit of society formed by blood ties is also the basic unit of social economy. It is united by blood relations, and a clan has more than a dozen people, multiplied by a common ancestor.

They lived together, used communal tools, worked together, and shared food, with no distinction between rich and poor. Produced in the Upper Paleolithic period, clans could intermarry with each other. Basically throughout the Neolithic period.

In the early days of clan society, matrilineal blood ties were used as a bond, that is, matriarchy, and were called matrilineal clan societies. Around the end of the Neolithic period, there was a gradual transition to a patriarchal clan society based on patrilineal blood as a bond, that is, patriarchy.

Clan is a term in general, referring to a large group of people who are related by blood with the same surname as you, for example, at the beginning, there was a person surnamed Li who began to multiply somewhere, he gave birth to children, and the children gave birth to children and grandchildren, and from generation to generation, all the people here are collectively called a clan. A family is a branch of a clan.

Fang said: A big surname, as the earliest origin of this surname, this person is called"Ancestor", and he and his descendants called"Sect"After his descendants continue to multiply, the family continues to expand, and some descendants will break away from their own surname and join other surnames (grandsons or daughters who marry to foreign surnames, descendants, etc.), and these people who have the same clan relationship are called clans; And the direct descendants who inherit his bloodline and the surname are called clans.

To put it simply: the clan represents the big family of the same ancestor, including the collateral bloodline that branches out and the clan only means the direct bloodline family, and the clansmen who branch out are equivalent to breaking away from the clan and joining other clans, but if these clans that have been connected by blood are united, they can also form a large clan.

Well, in short, they are two relatively primitive social systems.

Clan, clan, and family are the most basic units that constitute the early state and nation, and the relationship between the three is shown in the figure above, through which the formation process from family to clan, from clan to clan, from clan to tribe, and finally to the nation can be reflected more clearly.

Families, social groups formed on the basis of blood ties, usually over several generations. According to the commonly used clothing system in ancient Chinese society, it is a model composed of blood and in-law relations within the five costumes. It is a social organization in which the descendants of the same male ancestor gather for generations and are bound by blood relations.

Such as the Wang family, the Yao family, the Li family, the Liu family, the Zhao family, the Chen family, the Shen family, and the Hu family.

Clan, refers to people of the same clan and clan. Generally, a clan is a model composed of several families or clans, which is generally defined as the situation where the same surname other than the five suits is the same ancestor, but the estrangement is to the five suits, so it can only be called a clan. "Clan" refers to the patrilineal unilineal kinship group, that is, with an adult male surname as the center (called "Zongzi" or "Patriarch"), according to the principle of succession from father to son, which is the main line of the clan.

There are several branches next to the main line, and the order of the branch lines is determined by the distance of kinship with the main line. There is a family within the clan, so the clan is a family union.

The clan is the basic unit of social organization and economic organization at a certain stage of development of primitive society. Clans arose around the Upper Paleolithic period, and their main characteristics were: they were maintained by blood ties; The means of production are publicly owned by the clan, and the members work together to distribute the products equally; Public affairs are managed by the elected clan chief, and major issues (blood revenge, shelter of adopted sons, etc.) are decided by the council of clan members.

On the basis of a common economic life, a common language, customs and primitive religious beliefs of the clan were formed. Several clans can be united as a tribe; After the clan population reproduces, it can be divided into multiple clans; After the population of the clan is drastically reduced, it may also be incorporated into and attached to other clans.

The family is an explanation of the direct blood relationship between living people, and is the most basic unit of society. A clan, on the other hand, is a combination of several families in which a deceased ancestor is the true ancestor. A clan is a combination of several clans with a godhead as a fictional ancestor.