Which monarch did the Shang Dynasty change take place, and which monarch of the Qin State did the Sh

Shang Ying's reform was Qin Xiaogong of Qin.

Qin Xiaogong Yingquliang (December 6, 381 BC, 338 BC), surnamed Zhao, "Yue Jue Shu" as King Ping, "Historical Records Suoyin" recorded the name Quliang. The son of Qin Xiangong, the monarch of Qin during the Warring States Period, reigned from 361 BC to 338 BC.

During the reign of Qin Xiaogong, he reused Wei Yang (i.e., Shang Ying) to implement law changes, rewarded farming and warfare, and moved the capital to Xianyang (now Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province), established a county system of administration, opened up Qianmo, and continuously improved agricultural production while strengthening the centralization of power.

Externally, Qin made peace with Chu, signed a treaty with Han, and joined Qi and Zhao to attack Anyi (now Xia County, Shanxi Province), the capital of Wei, and expanded the land to the east of Luoshui, which has since become increasingly strong, laying the foundation for Qin's unification of China.

In the twenty-fourth year of Qin Xiaogong (338 BC), Qin Xiaogong Yingquliang died.

In the early Warring States period, Qin was vast and sparsely populated, most of the land had not been developed, and agricultural production was far inferior to that of eastern countries. After Qin Xiaogong ascended the throne, he deeply felt that "the princes are inferior to Qin, and the ugliness is great", and he was determined to change the law to become strong, and issued the "Order to Seek Talents". Shang Ying came to the Qin State under this background.

"Shang Yang Reform Law".It is Qin Xiaogong of the Qin State.

During the Warring States Period, Qin Xiaogong of Qin State won the canal beam.

After ascending the throne, he was determined to strengthen the reform, so he ordered the recruitment of talents, and Shang Ying came from the Wei State.

He entered Qin, and put forward a set of development strategies such as abandoning well fields, emphasizing agriculture and mulberry, awarding military merits, implementing unified measurements, and establishing a county system, which won the trust of Qin Xiaogong.

Ren Shang Ying is the head of the left.

In 356 B.C. and 350 B.C., two changes were implemented with the main content of "abandoning well fields, opening up fields, implementing the county system, rewarding cultivation and weaving and fighting, and implementing the method of joint sitting".

Impact

The Shang Dynasty Reform was a successful reform in ancient China, which made the Qin state a powerful state, laid the foundation for the future Qin state to unify the six kingdoms, and established the idea of the rule of law.

Shang Ying absorbed Li Kui.

Wu Qi and other Legalist figures had the experience of implementing law reforms in Wei, Chu, and other countries, and in light of the specific conditions of Qin, and further developed Legalist policies.

The above content refers to: Encyclopedia - Shang Martingale Transformation.

After Qin Xiaogong of the Qin State ascended the throne during the Warring States Period, he was determined to strengthen the reform, so he ordered the recruitment of talents. Shang Ying entered Qin from the Wei State, and put forward a set of development strategies such as abandoning well fields, emphasizing agriculture and mulberry, awarding military merits, implementing unified measurements and establishing a county system, etc., which won the trust of Qin Xiaogong, and appointed him as the head of the left house, in 356 BC and 350 BC, he successively implemented two changes with the main content of "abandoning well fields, opening up Qianmo, implementing the county system, rewarding cultivation and weaving and fighting, and implementing the law of joint sitting".

Contents: The first change.

Main article: Shang martingale transformation.

After the successful implementation of the Reclamation Decree in the Qin State, Qin Xiaogong appointed Shang Ying as the Zuo Shu Chang in 356 BC, and implemented the first reform of the law in the Qin State.

Its main contents are:

1) The promulgation and implementation of the "Book of Laws" of Li Kui of the Wei State was reckless and the law of continuous sitting was added.

The law provides for heavy penalties for misdemeanors;

2) Abolish the old Shiqing Shilu system, reward military merits, prohibit private fighting, and promulgate the system of 20 knighthoods rewarded according to military merits;

3) Emphasizing agriculture and suppressing business, rewarding cultivation and weaving, and especially rewarding land reclamation; It stipulates that those who produce a lot of grain and cloth from hail eggplant can be exempted from labor and taxes, and take agriculture as their "main business" and commerce as their "last business", and limit the scope of business of merchants, and relevate commercial tax.

4) Burning Confucian classics and prohibiting the nomadic people.

5) Enforce the system of individual small families. The expansion of state taxation and military conscription** laid a solid foundation for the growth of Qin's economic and military strength.

The second change.

Xianyang (now northeast of Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province) is located in the middle of the Guanzhong Plain, bordering the plateau in the north, the Wei River in the south, and the Yellow River can be directly entered along the Wei River. In order to facilitate the development to the east of Hangu Pass, Qin Xiaogong ordered Shang Ying to recruit soldiers in 350 BC, build the Jique court according to the scale of the national capital of Lu and Weiguo, build a new capital, and move the national capital from Liyang (now southeast of Fuping County, Weinan City, Shaanxi Province) to Xianyang in the following year, and at the same time ordered Shang Ying to carry out the second reform in Qin.

Its main contents are:

1) Abolish the well-field system of the aristocracy, "open up the frontier and seal the territory", abolish the slave system of state ownership of land, implement private ownership of land, and the state recognizes private ownership of land and allows free buying and selling.

2) Universally implement the county system and set up county-level bureaucracy; "Gather small capitals and townships into counties", take counties as local administrative units, abolish the sub-feudal system, and "all 31 counties".

The county has a county order to preside over the county government, a county commander to assist the county order, and a county lieutenant to take charge of the military. The county has jurisdiction over a number of capitals, townships, towns and gatherings.

3) Move the capital to Xianyang and build a palace;

4) Unified system of weights and measures, promulgation of standards for weights and measures;

5) Compile household registration, five households are in the army, and ten households are in charge, stipulating that residents must register their household registrations, and begin to collect military taxes according to the population of each household;

6) Eliminate the remaining Rongdi customs, prohibit fathers, sons, and brothers from living in the same room, and implement the policy of small families. It stipulates that where there are two or more sons in a household who have reached the age of establishing a household and do not live separately, the household registration tax shall be doubled. [1]

This is a supplement to the "Heterogeneous Family" decree in the first reform, and it is also a norm for social customs.

The monarch who supported the Shang Dynasty reform was Qin Xiaogong.

Shang Ying, surnamed Ji, Gongsun, Ming, Weiguo, politician, reformer, thinker, military strategist, representative of Legalism during the Warring States Period, descendant of the monarch of the country, Shang Ying assisted Qin Xiaogong, and actively implemented the law change, making the Qin State a rich and powerful country, known as the Shang Dynasty Reform in history.

He reformed the household registration of the Qin State, military titles, land system, administrative divisions, taxes, weights and measures, and folk customs, and formulated harsh laws, economically, he advocated heavy agriculture and suppressed commerce, rewarded farming and warfare, militarily, he led the Qin army to recover the land west of the river, and was given Shang Yu fifteen yi by Qin Xiaogong, called Shang Jun, known as Shang Yang in history.

In 338 BC, after the death of Qin Xiaogong, Shang Ying was falsely accused of rebellion by Gongzi and died in Tongdi, his body was transported to Xianyang, and his family was killed.

Shang Ying's early life:

Shang Ying was born in the Weiguo Gong family, some scholars speculate that he is the person of the Emperor Qiu, the capital of the Weiguo State, but the corresponding current place name is still controversial, mainly in Anyang City, Huang County and Puyang County, Puyang City, two types of sayings, Shang Ying liked the study of criminal names and spells when he was young, and was greatly influenced by Li Kui and Wu Qi.

It is said that when he later defected to the Qin State, he carried the "Book of Laws" written by Li Kui, and later served the uncle of the State of Wei as the concubine, and when the uncle was seriously ill, he recommended Shang Ying to King Wei Hui, who was young and talented, and could serve as the minister of state to govern the country, and said to King Wei Hui that if the lord did not use Shang Ying, he must be killed, and he should not be allowed to defect to other countries.

King Wei Hui thought that Uncle Gong was terminally ill and incoherent, so he didn't, Uncle Acne turned to ask Shang Ying to leave Wei quickly, Shang Ying understood that King Wei Hui didn't use his uncle's words and would not kill him, so he did not leave Wei immediately.

Qin Xiaogong supported the "Shang Yang Reform". After Qin Xiaogong of the Qin State ascended the throne during the Warring States Period, he was determined to strengthen the reform, so he ordered the recruitment of talents.

Shang Ying entered Qin from Wei and put forward a set of development strategies such as abandoning well fields, emphasizing agriculture and mulberry, awarding military merits, implementing unified measurements, and establishing a county system, which won the trust of Qin Xiaogong.

Therefore, he was appointed as the head of the left, and in 356 BC and 350 BC, he successively implemented two changes with the main content of "abandoning well fields, opening up Qianmo, implementing the county system, rewarding cultivation and weaving and fighting, and implementing the law of joint sitting".

After the Shang Dynasty reform, Qin's economy developed, the combat effectiveness of the army was continuously strengthened, and it developed into the richest and most powerful centralized state in the late Warring States period.

In 338 BC, Qin Xiaogong died and was succeeded by King Huiwen of Qin. The change violated the interests of the aristocracy, and they strongly opposed it. Shang Ying lost his strong supporters of the reform, and he had no choice but to flee.

In the end, Shang Ying was killed in the pursuit of the Qin army, and only ended up with a "car split". However, the changes were continued.

The Shang Dynasty Reform was an important political change in the Qin state during the Warring States period in China, and was led by the Qin statesman Shang Ying. The purpose of the Shang Dynasty Reform Law was to strengthen the centralization of power in the Qin State and improve the military strength of the Qin State and the ability of the country to unify.

The main contents of the Shang Martingale Reform Law include:

1.Implement the county system, set up county officials, and strengthen local administration;

2.promote agricultural technology to improve agricultural productivity;

3.construction of large-scale water conservancy projects to increase irrigation area;

4.Implement Legalist ideology and strengthen control and management over the people;

5.We should implement the policy of lightly leviing taxes and reducing the burden on peasants and absorbing the exiled population.

These measures further strengthened the centralization of power in the Qin state, increased agricultural productivity, expanded the irrigated area, increased the state fiscal revenue, and gradually improved the people's lives. At the same time, the Shang Dynasty also improved the military strength of the Qin State and laid the foundation for the unification war of the Qin State.

Although the Shang Dynasty reform caused some controversy at the time, it eventually proved to be a successful reform, laying the foundation for the rise of the Qin state.