How is Botrytis gray mold identified and what causes it?

Botrytis is a crystalline rot of the leaves, with a gray mold layer on the affected part. The cause of gray mold is mainly caused by too much rain and poor drainage. Plants should be ventilated in a timely manner.

Botrytis is a fungal disease, the disease of water spinach gray mold in the planting place is mainly caused by low temperature and high humidity environment, especially in spring and autumn is the peak period of the outbreak of gray mold, in spring and autumn due to the decrease in temperature, the humidity of the park increases and leads to the onset of water spinach, and the gray mold mainly occurs in the seedling stage of water spinach, which often causes the growers to die after the disease of the water spinach just planted.

Caused by Botrytis cinerea infection, it is best to start spraying at the beginning of the disease, spraying every 7 days or so, spraying 2 or 3 times in a row.

Botrytis cineris is characterized by the formation of a gray mold layer under wet conditions. Botrytis is extremely harmful and can infect almost every flower, causing huge losses. Botrytis mainly damages the leaves of plants, and can also infect organs such as petioles, peduncles and petals.

After the leaf is susceptible, it usually starts to change color from the edge and appears water-stained lesions, and then the lesions gradually spread to the whole leaf, and under the condition of high humidity, the surface of the diseased part is covered by a layer of gray-green mold!

Pathogens invade from plant wounds, senescent organs, and flowers. The petals and flower heads of tomatoes that are not easy to fall off after dipping in flowers are the parts that are susceptible to disease, resulting in soft rot of the fruit. The gray mold will live on the disease residue in the form of conidia or sclerotia, and the disease is more serious in low temperature, relatively humid environment, or rainfall and high humidity weather.

Ventilation and light. The specific methods are: keep the surface of the shed film clean and enhance light transmittance; Reasonable dense planting, reduce shading, and improve light transmission conditions; Timely ventilation, reduce the humidity in the shed, in the morning to maintain a higher temperature, so that the roof dew atomization, in the afternoon to extend the wind time, reduce the humidity in the shed, gray mold fungus favorite is the low temperature and humid environment, so it is very important to reduce the humidity of the greenhouse, can reduce the number of watering, air and moisture, or lay straw and rice husk between the rows, to achieve the purpose of moisture absorption.

Wipe the greenhouse film frequently to remove dust and keep the lighting of the greenhouse film good. Fifth, it can increase the temperature and relative humidity in the shed.

The ecological environment, inhibit the nuisance of gray mold, infiltrate and spread, properly control watering, timely late winding, increase the temperature in the shed 33 degrees will not produce spores to select improved seeds, and strictly control the seedlings: the selection of disease-resistant varieties can improve the ability of tomatoes to resist gray mold. Seedlings should be raised in disease-free new bed soil, preferably onions, garlic or grain crops that have not been planted with tomatoes for many years.

of soil, be careful not to take soil seedlings or seedlings in the greenhouse in the disease area.

Prevention is as follows: First, it is necessary to use non-drip greenhouse film to reduce the humidity in the greenhouse, and it is better if the greenhouse is used. Second, ventilation should be timely, according to the weather and sunshine, do a good job of ventilation and cover the work.

The third is drug prevention, spraying promehydrate or sucretin, etc. Once gray mold occurs, you can choose to use 1000 times of 40% Scarlet suspension, or 800-1000 times of 50% Sukrin WP, or 1000 times of 50% Nongli WP, and the effect is better.

Cauliflower can be cultivated by mulching mulch in high furrow areas, and sufficient basal fertilizer can be applied. In the early stage of the disease, the elderly can be treated with 10% Sukelin smoke agent 200-250g per mu, or sprayed with methamphetaline ultrafine dust agent or 5% Garinon dust agent containing 1kg per mu.

You can sprinkle some prepared pesticides in the place where the cauliflower gray mold is reported, and the cauliflower should also be disinfected and sterilized frequently.

First of all, it is necessary to do a good job in the drainage work of the mold spring in time, and it is necessary to ensure that the temperature is appropriate, and it is necessary to choose the right fertilizer and pesticide for the potato, and we must pay attention to the ratio of water.

Is the black turning of white flower bulbs during cauliflower storage a gray mold?

The sclerotia of gray mold will survive in the soil or in the residual diseased plants, and the vitality is very tenacious, which can resist the cold, and when the temperature conditions are suitable for the warm flowers to bloom in the spring of the next year, the sclerotia will germinate, produce mycelium, and conidia. These meristems are spread by air currents, rain, dew and agricultural work, invading vegetable plants, and then spreading infections from vegetable plants to vegetable plants.

Lack of nutrients. It may be that the soil quality of vegetable planting is not good, and fertilizer should be increased appropriately.

Sclerotia survive in the soil or plants, and rapidly develop lesions in the case of low temperature and high humidity, so greenhouse is the focus of the prevention and control of gray mold.

Botrytis is not the most important harmful disease, because it is commonly found in vegetable production in greenhouse facility agriculture, and is generally prone to occur under low temperature and high humidity conditions! Therefore, relatively speaking, rape production has cold resistance, in the southern winter is generally low, but also relatively dry, so the occurrence and development of rapeseed gray mold is not significant, in the production of general attention to downy mildew, sclerotinia sclerotinia sclerotinia and other diseases of the prevention and control work, and less face gray mold!

Botrytis is caused by the infection of Botrytis cinereais of the subphylum Botrytis cinerea, which is a fungal disease, which generally harms the young leaves, stems and other parts of crops when the conditions are suitable. However, although the two are both fungal diseases, there are differences, one is that the pathogenic bacteria caused are not the same, and the other is that the conditions for occurrence are not the same. Downy mildew can develop at low temperatures, so in winter, rape cultivation mainly faces downy mildew!

But gray mold also needs to be paid attention to and dealt with in rape planting! First, it is necessary to pay close attention to the seedling stage in the greenhouse of rapeseed utilization facilities, because it is easy to cause gray mold disease in the seedling stage of rapeseed if the humidity is high and the thermal insulation effect is not enough.

Second, after the beginning of spring in the next year, there will be a long period of low temperature and rainy weather, which is easy to cause gray mold in rapeseed. At that time, the general rape has developed pods, and the harm is not obvious, but once it happens, it can still affect the yield and quality of rapeseed, and it is necessary to diagnose and take countermeasures in time!

Because the fungal diseases such as gray mold and downy mildew can be controlled at the same time, the selected agents can obtain the effect of simultaneous control, so no matter which of the diseases occurs in rapeseed, timely medication can basically get good results!

Of course, the best way is still to focus on prevention! If the greenhouse is used in the seedling period, under the premise of heat preservation, pay attention to ventilation, reduce the humidity in the shed, and prevent some fungal diseases such as gray mold from harming rape seedlings!

In the field of rapeseed cultivation, pay attention to reasonable dense planting, and at the same time ridge and ditching are the methods to prevent excessive humidity in rapeseed, and are necessary cultivation measures to reduce the occurrence and development of rapeseed diseases!

If canola does have gray mold, it can be used according to the instructions or under the guidance of professionals according to the fungal high-efficiency pesticides that can be provided by the local agricultural materials department! Such as conventional sclerotinia jing, formabi and Sukelin, etc.

Now there is a relatively mature biological fungus technology, and some biological bacteria can also be used to prevent and control rapeseed including gray mold and other series of diseases, with a broad spectrum, obvious effect, but also environmentally friendly and pollution-free, it is worth a try!

You can use plant-specific insecticides, evenly spray on the leaves of plants, and should not be watered during the medication, otherwise there will be no effect.

Growers should pay attention to the fact that gray mold is one of the main diseases of vegetables. In particular, greenhouse planting occurs more commonly. Once the disease of vegetables occurs, it will cause a certain reduction in yield.

Botrytis infestation cucumbers, zucchini and other melons, as well as tomatoes, eggplants, peppers and other nightshades, cabbage, lettuce, leeks, onions and other vegetables.

Botrytis gray mold symptoms.

Generally, the pathogens invade from the female flowers that bloom and fail, at the beginning of the flower pedicle has water-stained lesions, and then grows a gray-brown mold layer, the flower becomes soft, rotten, and spreads to the young fruit, the young fruit disease first turns yellow, and then produces white mold gradually turns gray, the diseased fruit stops growing, becomes soft, rots, and finally falls off, and the gray mold layer is produced when the humidity is high.

When the vegetable leaves are infected, the lesions are water-stained, and then the mesophyll tissue at the lesions becomes thinner, with obvious ring patterns, and the leaves are perforated when the humidity is high. It then becomes an irregular light brown lesion, sometimes with a small grayish-brown mold layer.

Vegetable stems are festered and gray-brown mold is formed, and then the stems break off after a week around the stem, causing seedling rot.

Prevention and control methods. Clean the countryside. I like to be clean and tidy at home, not to mention other people's vegetables and fruits Regularly clean up the dead branches and leaves in the greenhouse, carefully observe whether there are insects in the roots and leaves of vegetables, and remove diseased leaves and flowers in time in the early stage of the disease, so as to prevent problems before they occur and reduce the initial source of infection. In addition, pay attention to isolation work to prevent the spread of germs and cross-infection.

Strengthen management. Timely ventilation and humidity reduction in the greenhouse to enhance plant resistance.

Pharmacy protection. In the early stage of the greenhouse, growers can use the dust method to spray 5% chlorothalonil dust agent in the evening, 1 kg per mu, and once in a row for 10 days. You can also use 20% Sukelin smoke agent, 200 per mu, smoking hours.

For open-field growers, 1000-1500 times of 50% promethine wettable powder, or 1000-1500 times of 80% Pythium dihydrous dispersant, or 2000 times of 50% Suclin wettable powder 2000 times can be sprayed at the beginning of the disease.

The field situation should be observed from time to time, and the diseased branches and fruits should be removed first when gray mold is found, and the residual body should be thoroughly cleaned up after harvesting, and the soil should be turned deep or exposed to the sun to reduce the source of gray mold.

The five periods before vegetable planting, before flowering, flowering, 3 to 5 days after flowering, and the rapid expansion of young fruits are the gray mold prone periods, which should be treated in time. During the flowering period, the medicine should be applied every 7 days, focusing on spraying the flowers. In the fruiting period, the focus is on spraying young fruits, taking into account the front and back of leaves.

Comprehensive control methods should be adopted for gray mold:

1) Strengthen temperature and humidity management Whether it is a seedbed or a greenhouse and other facilities, attention should be paid to ventilation to reduce air and soil moisture.

2) Seedlings planted with medicine Before planting, spray the seedlings with 1500 times of 50% Sukrin wettable powder or 1500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder to achieve disease-free seedlings into the shed.

3) When using 2,4-d and other plant growth regulators to spot flowers, add 50% Suclin wettable powder or 50% promethine wettable powder and 50% carbendazim wettable powder to the dilution that has been prepared for 2,4-d, which can effectively prevent flower and fruit diseases.