In modern China, who was the first person to open its eyes?

The first person to open his eyes in modern China was Lin Zexu, which is Wei Yuan's evaluation of him.

The invasion of the powerful enemy of Western capitalism, which had never been encountered for thousands of years, prompted Lin Zexu to "be the first to wake up from the slumber of feudal seclusion and self-control, and to open his eyes to the world with a new attitude." After Lin Zexu went to Guangzhou to preside over the smoking ban, in the practice of fighting against the invaders, he realized his lack of knowledge of the West and the ignorance of the Chinese people about the world outside the dynasty. Through the analysis of the political, legal, military, economic, cultural and other aspects of foreign countries, he realized that only by learning from Western countries can he resist foreign aggression.

He put forward the idea of "mastering the skills of the master to control the enemy", and he put forward the idea that in order to change the backward state of military technology, artillery and shipbuilding should be made; He personally presided over and organized a translation team, translated foreign books and periodicals, and translated foreigners' remarks about China into "Huashi Yiyan", which served as "reference news" for Chinese officials at that time. In order to understand the military, political and economic information of foreign countries, the "Guangzhou Weekly" sponsored by British businessmen was translated into the "Macao News"; In order to understand the geography, history, and politics of the West, and to systematically introduce the situation of various countries in the world, he also organized the translation of the "World Geography" by the Englishman Murray, which was compiled as "Chronicles of the Four Continents"; In order to meet the needs of the struggle against the enemy and diplomatic relations at that time, he quickly compiled the International Law, which was an epoch-making event in the history of China's international law: It marked the beginning of the formal introduction of Western international law works into China, the beginning of the application of modern international law to diplomatic relations in China, and the beginning of the history of modern international law in China. Theoretically speaking, Lin Zexu is the first person in China to introduce international law, the pioneer of China's modern diplomacy, and the pioneer of China's international law.

Lin Zexu was the first great patriot and outstanding national hero in China's modern history, and he took the lead in understanding the world and studying the West, and became a leader in spreading Western culture and promoting the spread of Western learning in modern China. From the perspective of the history of Chinese international law, he was not only the mainstay of upholding the principles of international law during the Opium War, but also the first person to introduce international law in China and the founder of modern international law in China.

First, the first person in modern China to open his eyes to the world was Wei Yuan;

In modern Chinese history, it has always been said that Lin Zexu is known as the first person in modern China to open his eyes to the world.

This is because Lin Zexu organized the translation of "Chronicles of the Four Kingdoms" (also known as "Chronicles of the Four Continents"), which made us know for the first time that the original world was so big, so many countries, including Britain, France, Portugal, Spain and so on!

In fact, Wei Yuan was instructed by Lin Zexu to supplement the Western historical and geographical materials "Chronicles of the Four Continents" and the Historical Records of the Past Dynasties, which Lin Zexu presided over the translation, into the "Atlas of the Sea Kingdom", introducing the geography, history, and scientific and technological development of various countries in the world, and combined with the lessons and lessons of the Opium War, he advocated that "the master of the art of the master should be used to control the country". It is proposed to manufacture guns, ships and other products of the machine industry to strengthen coastal defense and defend against foreign aggression.

One is the proponent, the other is the actual operator, which is the first?

However, in textbooks, Lin Zexu is the first person to open his eyes to the world.

Another said that the first person to open his eyes to the world was Wei Yuan, who was entrusted by Lin Zexu to supplement the Western historical and geographical materials "Chronicles of the Four Continents" and the historical records of the past dynasties translated by Lin Zexu into the "Atlas of the Sea Kingdom", introducing the geographical, historical, and scientific and technological development of various countries in the world, and combined with the lessons and lessons of the Opium War, he advocated that "mastering the skills of the master to control the country". It is proposed to manufacture guns, ships and other products of the machine industry to strengthen coastal defense and defend against foreign aggression.

Lin Zexu, a native of Fujian, the word Shaomu, 26 years old Zhongjinshi, after which he entered the officialdom and successively served as the editor of the Hanlin Academy, the envoy of Jiangsu, the governor of Jiangsu, and the governor of Huguang. Lin Zexu is well versed in the sufferings of the people, and works hard, and in 15 years, he has been promoted from a jinshi to a second-class **, winning the praise of the emperor and the gratitude of the people. However, when it was smooth sailing, fate swept him into another completely different battlefield, his opponent was the British, in this battlefield, he was defeated, towards the double trough of life and career, but he gained a great title - modern China "the first person to open his eyes to see the world" (historian Fan Wenlan said), later generations commented on this person, praised him as a national hero, and degraded him as a sinner through the ages, then, what evaluation do we make to Lin Zexu, Can it conform to the true positioning of history?

Know yourself and know your opponent, and you will not be defeated in a hundred battles", the Chinese have always followed this Sun Tzu's Art of War! When Lin Zexu arrived in Guangdong at the beginning of the smoking ban, he sent people to collect newspapers and magazines from foreigners, sorted out materials, and organized the translation of the "World Geography" written by the British, named "Chronicles of the Four Continents", so that the Qing Dynasty magnates had a preliminary understanding of foreign countries. However, Lin Zexu did not know foreign languages, nor did he go abroad to investigate, and he did not systematically study the Western political system and the combat methods of combining sea and land at that time, and his focus was entirely on the living customs and clothing habits of foreigners.

What is said to be that what he came into contact with could only reflect the local conditions of Western countries, and the authenticity and comprehensiveness were far from being true, and because of the influence of Confucian education and the hearsay of some second-rate translators, he came to a ridiculous point of view.

For example, he thinks that the British eat beef and mutton powder, which is not easy to digest, and if they leave China's tea and rhubarb, they will "die of stool", so China's tea and rhubarb are "sharp weapons for control". If outsiders can't do this, they can't do it." With tea, you can be invincible.

At that time, naval warfare was very particular about the combination of naval artillery, and the guns without a ship were an empty shelf, and they did not have actual combat capabilities. In the strategic deployment of the war, Lin Zexu only lined up a few cannons at a few passes. Why pay attention only to the cannon and not to the ship?

He himself thinks so, such a big iron guy galloping on the sea, it must alarm the dragon king at the bottom of the sea. The dragon king will definitely roll them to the bottom of the sea, and if we also have ships and foreigners entangled together, the dragon king will not be able to handle it, and it is easy to injure us by mistake.

Lin Zexu was the elite of the imperial court at that time, and even he could say such things, which shows how far China had been ignorant and backward at that time, and how far away was it from the developed countries in the West?

After the Opium War began, the British army blockaded the mouth of the Pearl River, attacked Zhejiang in the north, occupied Dinghai, and arrived in Tianjin. Seeing that the capital was threatened, the Daoguang Emperor immediately said that as long as the British army withdrew south, trade would be allowed and Lin Zexu would be severely punished, and the responsibility for the defeat would be put on Lin Zexu, and on August 4, the British army approached Nanjing along the Yangtze River, forcing the Daoguang Emperor to make the decision to cede land and sue for peace. The gap between the backward Qing Empire and the Britain that completed the Industrial Revolution is too great, and the outcome of defeat is inevitable!

The first person in modern China to open its eyes to the world was Lin Zexu. Lin Zexu presided over the compilation of the "Chronicles of the Four Continents", which briefly described the geographical, historical and political conditions of more than 30 countries on the five continents of the world, and was the first relatively complete and systematic geographical chronicle of modern China. Under the influence of Lin Zexu, a group of scholars who studied world geography were later produced.

This book is actually a pioneering initiative that opened up the atmosphere, and the author Lin Zexu is also known as the first person who began to open his eyes to the world.

Water conservancy: Lin Zexu is an outstanding expert in water control, and during his career as a eunuch, he attaches great importance to and strives to organize water conservancy projects, such as the construction of water conservancy projects such as Haitang in Zhejiang and Shanghai, major rivers in the Taihu Lake Basin, and the management of canals, the Yellow River and the Yangtze River. Lin Zexu paid attention to going deep into reality and doing everything himself, and at the same time attached importance to disaster relief and poverty relief, all of which were reflections of his idea of valuing the people.

Lin Zexu once wrote "Beizhi Water Conservancy Book".

The first person in modern Chinese history to open his eyes to the world was Lin Zexu.

The Chronicles of the Four Continents, compiled by Qinglin Zexu, briefly describes the geographical, historical, and political conditions of more than 30 countries on the five continents of the world, and is the first relatively complete and systematic geographical chronicle of modern China. Under the influence of Lin Zexu, a number of works on the study of foreign history and places were later produced. This book is a pioneering initiative; And the author Lin Zexu is also regarded by later generations as the first person to start opening his eyes to see the world.

Later, Wei Yuan was instructed by the Lin family to use this as a blueprint and compile the "Atlas of the Sea Kingdom".）

There is still some controversy in the academic circles, and the official version is Lin Zexu.

Lin Zexu is the "first person to open his eyes to the world" in modern China, which is Wei Yuan's evaluation of him.

But from the perspective of Chinese history, the first person who really opened his eyes to the world should be Xu Guangqi in the late Ming Dynasty, who had a deep relationship with Matteo Ricci, who came to China from Europe to preach, and some of the scientific terms we use now are translated by Xu Guangqi, such as geometry: points, parallel lines, obtuse angles, acute angles, and so on.

Wei Yuan and Lin Zexu of "Humen Selling Tobacco" are known as the "first person to open their eyes to see the world" in modern times, Wei Yuan (1794-1857), the original name is Yuanda, the word is silent, the word Mosheng, the word Hanshi, and the number Liangtu. A native of Jintan, Shaoyang County, Qinghu Province, (now a native of Jintan Township, Longhui County), a thinker of the late Qing Dynasty, and a friend of Lin Zexu. Wei Yuan advocated new ideas and wrote "Atlas of the Sea Kingdom", in which he expounded the author's idea of "mastering the art of mastering and mastering the art to control the country", and advocated learning advanced foreign science and technology to resist foreign aggression and enable China to embark on the road of prosperity and strength.

Lin Zexu is known as the first person in China to open his eyes to the world, and he has a globe at home.

Lin Zexu is the "first person to open his eyes to the world" in modern China, which is Wei Yuan's evaluation of him.

But from the perspective of Chinese history, the first person who really opened his eyes to the world should be Xu Guangqi in the late Ming Dynasty, who had a deep relationship with Matteo Ricci, who came to Europe to preach, and some of the scientific terms we use now are translated by Xu Guangqi, such as geometry: points, parallel lines, obtuse angles, acute angles, and so on.

Xu Guangqi played a huge role in various scientific disciplines, and people can still find his scientific works today, including military, agriculture, mathematics, astronomical calendar, water conservancy, engineering, and so on.

Xu Guangqi was also the first Catholic in the Shanghai area, which was a victory for Matteo Ricci! It was also the beginning of Xu Guangqi's exposure to science.