Reasons for the Reform 40, Reasons for the Reform of the Law

The root cause: internal and external troubles, and it is time to have to change the law. Direct cause: Defeat in the First Sino-Japanese War.

Politically: The defeat of the First Sino-Japanese War and the peril of the nation stimulated national consciousness. Economically: the initial development of national capitalism at the end of the 19th century, the growth of the national bourgeoisie. Ideologically: the emergence and development of the idea of reform.

The main reasons for failure are as follows:

The Wuxu Reform was a revolution led by Emperor Guangxu and the reformers, and the fundamental reason for its failure was that the bourgeois reformers were too weak. In the late Qing Dynasty, real power was in the hands of the diehards represented by Cixi, and when the Wuxu Reform touched the interests of the diehards, it was curbed and suppressed.

In the process of changing the Fa, the Vilasien faction did not have the correct theoretical guidance. Kang Youwei's "Examination of the New Pseudo-scriptures" and "The Examination of Confucius's Reform System" have insufficient evidence to convince the diehards, and even some enlightened people do not approve of it. In addition, in the process of changing the law, some radical propaganda of the reformers also increased social resistance to the reform.

Although the purpose of the reform is to help the people of those states where life is not good, it lacks practical considerations and is overly optimistic in estimating the form of reform and the difficulty of changing the law. At the same time, the reformers lacked strong organizational leadership and were divorced from the broad masses of the people. The reformers relied on nothing more than the emperor who had no real power and a very small number of bureaucrats.

During the 103 days of the Wuxu Reform, the emperor issued a total of 286 reform edicts, an average of nearly 3 per day. This mentality of rushing for quick success and quick profit has laid the root of the reform from the beginning, and this kind of rash measure has also touched the interests of many people. In addition, in the process of changing the law, the reformers adopted a simple bottom-up peaceful and legal approach, and the means were too simple. Poor.

The impact of the Reform Movement. The Reform Movement generally refers to the Wuxu Reform Movement, also known as the Hundred Days Restoration, the Restoration Reform, and the Pants Peimu Restoration MovementThe Wuxu Reform Law promoted the ideological emancipation movement in China

It has aroused a new wave of seeking the truth of national salvation from the WestAfter the failure of the Wuxu Restoration, more young people went abroad to study, more Western doctrines were translated into China, and China's intellectual circles became more activeAfter the Wuxu Reform, new-style cultural undertakings flourished, and there was a craze for running schools, a craze for establishing new-style newspapers and periodicals, and a craze for publishing new books

The Wuxu Reform Law became a good prelude to the May Fourth New Culture MovementThe Wuxu Reform aroused the people's resentment against the Manchu Qing Dynasty and promoted the transformation of intellectuals from the Restoration to the RevolutionAfter the failure of the Wuxu Restoration, the number of people who supported Sun Yat-sen's revolution increased, and many intellectuals who had illusions about the Qing Dynasty turned into revolutionaries.