What is soilless cultivation and what is pollution free vegetables

Soilless cultivation is a modern seedling raising technology that uses light materials such as grass peat, forest humus, vermiculite and other materials as seedling substrate to fix plants, so that plant roots can directly contact the nutrient solution, and adopt mechanized precision sowing to become seedlings at one time. The selection of seedling tray is divided into compartments, sowing a grid and a grain, seedlings into a room and a plant, the root system and substrate of the seedlings are intertwined with each other, and the root mounds are in the shape of a large and small stopper, which is generally called the soilless seedling of the hole plate.

The so-called pollution-free vegetables refer to the content of harmful substances (such as pesticide residues, heavy metals, nitrite, etc.) in vegetables, which are controlled within the allowable range of national regulations and do not cause harm to human health after people eat them.

Pollution-free vegetables, the Ministry of Agriculture and the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China jointly issued the "pollution-free agricultural products management measures", the concept of pollution-free agricultural products has clear provisions, that is, the origin environment, production process and product quality meet the requirements of the relevant national standards and norms, certified to obtain a certificate of return and allow the use of pollution-free agricultural products mark of more processed or primary processed edible agricultural products. Pollution-free vegetables are a kind of pollution-free agricultural products, and its concept can also be expressed in the above ways: the origin environment, production process and product quality meet the requirements of relevant national standards and specifications, and the certification certificate is obtained, and the use of pollution-free agricultural products mark of unprocessed or primary processed vegetables is allowed.

"Relevant national standards and norms" refers to the environmental standards for pollution-free vegetable production areas, technical specifications for pollution-free vegetable production and pollution-free vegetable quality standards promulgated by the state. In order to meet this requirement, the planting of vegetables should choose excellent varieties suitable for local planting, planted in the ecological environment where the soil, irrigation water and farmland atmosphere are not polluted, and the production and transportation should be implemented. The pollution-free operation in the whole process of processing and storage makes the end products have good nutritional quality, hygiene, safety, and meet the standards after inspection.

Soilless cultivation is harmless. At present, there are no cases of physical injury caused by eating vegetables grown in soilless culture, and in this understanding of people's common sense, they always think that there will be problems with the nutrient solution of soilless culture. The configuration of nutrient solution is scientific, not free matching.

It is also adjusted according to the proportion of different nutrients absorbed by different crops, such as tomatoes and cucumbers, which need different proportions of nutrient solution components. There are also insecure factors, but they are all external influences.

In soilless systems, the nutrient solution is generally placed in a nutrient solution tank. The construction of the nutrient solution pond is generally in the underground of the greenhouse, and its construction is mainly composed of brick-concrete structure and waterproof facilities, which is generally very simple.

At the top, there is a mouth for injecting liquid, that is, the nutrient solution is added to this mouth after it is mixed. In the process of this operation, it is also possible that the nutrient solution may be contaminated due to the negligence of the staff. Here you need to follow the relevant rules and regulations to reduce the probability of pollution.

On the question of whether soilless crops are safe, the main core is whether the nutrient solution is safe, because it is these elements that the crop needs to grow, just like it needs these elements to grow in the soil, but they are different, one is obtained from the soil, and the other is obtained from the nutrient solution.

It is just a change in the different environments required for the growth of crops, and the nutrients required for its growth have not changed for the better, so soilless crops are also a safe planting mode.

<>Common soilless vegetables are tomatoes, bitter gourds, eggplants, ginger, cucumbers, etc.

Tomato: Tomatoes can be cultivated without soil all year round, and tomatoes are generally cultivated without soil in solar greenhouses.

Bitter gourd: Bitter gourd is a bitter gourd plant in the family Bitter gourd, with a sweet and bitter fruity taste, mainly used as a vegetable, and can also be used as a candied pickle, and is cultivated in both the north and the south.

Eggplant: In recent years, most of the eggplant cultivation has been cultivated in solar greenhouses and greenhouses, but due to continuous cropping and heavy cropping, soil-borne diseases have become increasingly serious.

1. Tomatoes

1. Tomatoes can be soilless cultivated all year round, mainly by using solar greenhouse tomato soilless cultivation.

2. When cultivating in the greenhouse, it is necessary to determine the stubble arrangement of greenhouse performance, and tomato is mainly produced in winter and spring and early spring.

2. Bitter gourd

1. Bitter gourd belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae bitter gourd plant, the taste is relatively bitter, mainly used as a vegetable, can also be used as a candied pickle.

2. Bitter gourd is planted in both the north and south, and has low requirements for the planting environment, and has the characteristics of vigorous growth, strong fruit setting ability, and long harvest time, which is very suitable for soilless cultivation and planting.

3. Eggplant

In recent years, eggplant cultivation is generally carried out in solar greenhouses and greenhouses, but soil-borne diseases are very serious due to continuous cropping and heavy cropping, so soilless cultivation planting technology can overcome soil-borne diseases.

Fourth, ginger

The traditional planting mode will cause a lot of soil residues due to continuous cropping, and there is no way to remove the ginger blast pathogenic bacteria, so that ginger will be infected with ginger blast in the process of growth and planting, and this problem can be solved through soilless cultivation technology.

5. Cucumbers

Cucumbers are very susceptible to pests and diseases in the planting process, and the use of soilless cultivation technology can not only effectively avoid pests and diseases, soil infection, but also reduce the use of pesticides, and provide crop quality and yield.

1. Tomato: The soilless cultivation of tomatoes is generally carried out in greenhouses, and this cultivation method can be carried out all year round. The soilless cultivation of tomato in solar greenhouse can be determined according to the performance of the greenhouse, and the stubble production is generally dominated by winter and spring stubble and early spring stubble.

2. Bitter gourd: bitter gourd is an annual climbing herbaceous plant of the Cucurbitaceae family, the stems, branches, petioles and peduncles are covered with pubescence, axillary tendrils, the conditions required for cultivation are not strict, the growth is vigorous, the fruit setting ability is strong, the harvest time is long, and it is very suitable for soilless cultivation.

3. Eggplant: In recent years, the area of eggplant cultivation in solar greenhouses and greenhouses has been expanding, but due to continuous cropping and heavy cropping, the disease, especially the rapid soil-borne disease, has been serious, and the use of soilless cultivation can overcome this problem, and it has gradually become popular in recent years.

4. Ginger: Ginger using the traditional planting mode of continuous cropping because it can not remove the residual nematodes and ginger blast pathogens in the soil, it is easy to be infected with ginger blast, once infected with ginger blast, a large number of plants will wither and die, the use of soilless cultivation can solve this problem.

5. Cucumber: cucumber is often harmed by pests and diseases in production, and soilless cultivation can avoid soil-borne pests and diseases and even jujube Changhe obstacles, and has the characteristics of reducing pesticide dosage, improving crop yield and quality, saving fertilizer and labor, and not being limited by land fertility.

First, high yield and high quality.

We have made a comparison and planted early spring melons at the same time, but the cultivation methods are different, one is cultivated with substrate and the other is cultivated with soil. Substrate-grown melons are more robust than soil-grown plants, and they are marketed in the morning for a week, and there is no wine heart, so the sweetness is high. In addition, by July, the melons planted in the soil have already been pulled, and another substrate cultivation greenhouse is still bearing melons, and the yield is higher.

Because the soil has strong water retention, it cannot balance the relationship between water nutrients and oxygen, and the more water, the less oxygen it is exposed to, and the root growth is poor. Regardless of the substrate used, the air permeability is better than that of soil, which can create a suitable growth environment for root growth. If the root system grows well, the aboveground part can be strong, the seedlings are slow, the growth is fast, the melon is early, and the commerciality is good.

Soilless cultivation provides good growing conditions for vegetables, which is conducive to improving yield and quality.

Second, there are fewer pests and diseases.

In the past, we planted tomatoes and cucumbers in the soil, and soil-borne diseases such as root-knot nematodes and root rot were very serious. When there is a crack in the stalk during planting, the bacteria will infect the plant along the wound, and the older seedlings will die. When the soil is planted, there is a lot of watering loss, and the humidity in the greenhouse increases, which is also prone to gray mold.

Soilless cultivation of vegetables, planting troughs can isolate germs and insect eggs in the soil, reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases, and reduce the use of pesticides. In addition, it solves the problem of soil stubble, and the water and fertilizer utilization rate of soilless cultivation is high, which changes the situation that the soil watering loss rate is high and fertilizer cannot be applied. After each harvest, the substrate is disinfected, rinsed and prepared for planting.

Third, save labor and effort.

Before the soil is planted, it is necessary to plough and ridge the soil, which is laborious and laborious. After planting for two or three years, soil treatment and disinfection of stuffy sheds are also carried out. The utilization rate of water and fertilizer is low, and it can only be fertilized many times, which consumes water and fertilizer, and requires more labor.

Soilless cultivation does not need to be tilled, the substrate is reused, and it is also very convenient to change the stubble, which saves a lot of labor. In addition, the greenhouse is equipped with automatic watering and fertilization equipment, such as watering every two hours, just set it up, turn on the switch, save labor and effort, and the utilization rate of water and fertilizer is also very high.

The above three advantages of soilless cultivation of fruits and vegetables are very obvious, which changes the cultivation mode and avoids problems when planting in the soil. Now the cost of soilless cultivation is also very low, and the selection of resources is a low-input and high-efficiency cultivation mode.