What is the effect of geography on the physical characteristics of different races?

Over the course of tens of thousands of years, humans have lived in clusters in different regions of the planet. The different geographical environments of various places, including sunlight, temperature, humidity and things, cannot but have a certain impact on their physique and appearance. In the long-term competition for survival, in order to enhance their own advantages, human beings will inevitably respond positively to the external environment, which determines that many of the racial characteristics of human beings are hereditary biological characteristics, and change with the change of geographical environment.

Different races bear the imprint of different geographical environments. For example, the Negro race has formed a series of adaptive psychological characteristics due to long-term living in tropical areas, such as black ** can protect ** from sun burns, thick curly hair can prevent the head from being sunburned, and wide nose and lips expand the mucosal area, which can promote evaporation and heat dissipation. The Nordic people live in colder regions for a long time, with high, narrow noses, which allow cold air to be warmed up before entering the trachea and lungs; The skin color is light, which can make ** less frostbite; Tall and strong, relatively hardy to cold.

Over millions of years of evolution, human beings have been adapting to their environment. Africans are black**, which is adapted to strong solar radiation in the tropics, and black **can protect**, so that it reduces the risk of sun burns: thick curls, with heat insulation, and most of the nose and lips are wider, which can promote evaporation and heat dissipation.

Caucasians, narrow nose, long pores, so that cold air after preheating before entering the trachea and lungs, ** light white, can absorb ultraviolet rays from the sun, improve immunity, body hair, conducive to heat preservation, is an adaptation to the cold climate; The complexion is light and pale, which can make ** less frostbite, etc. We yellow people have dark, straight hair and less body hair, which is also adapted to temperate climates.

Climate plays a leading role. Caucasians are formed in the boreal zone at high latitudes. For example, in the cold regions of Northern Europe, there is less light, more clouds, and there is no strong solar radiation, so the body cannot produce pigments that protect the body.

It is generally believed that in the process of their formation, they are first influenced by the natural environment. Due to the cold climate, the sunlight is scarce, and the ultraviolet rays are weak, therefore, the color of the human ** is generally light. This lighter complexion is easy to absorb weak ultraviolet rays, which is good for physical development.

The bridge of the nose is high and the nose aperture is long, which allows the cold air inhaled to "warm up" beforehand.

The first is the climate, hot in the south, frequent metabolism, **not so good. It's cold in the north, it has less metabolism, and it's better.

The second is that the water returns to the soil, a person's youth is spent in his hometown, and the food is all things that leak the local products of his hometown, and directly, the water and soil have a great impact on a person.

I can't tell you about the yellow, black, white, and brown of the big concept, but the south and north cities and the countryside of the small concept are on it.

Of course, living in a harmful natural environment.

It is harmful to human races, such as nuclear radiation.

Mineral land.

Caucasians: Originated in the colder areas of high latitudes, where the sun is oblique, the temperature is low, the ultraviolet rays are weak, and the melanin content in the residents' bodies is low, **white, which is convenient for absorbing sunlight. The body is thick and tall to reduce heat loss.

The nose is high and narrow, and the nostrils have long passages to preheat the cold air inhaled; The body surface hair is dense and easy to protect against cold.

Black species: Originates in the low-latitude tropics, where direct sunlight is long, temperatures are high, and ultraviolet rays are strong. People who have lived here for a long time have gradually developed a series of adaptive characteristics:

High melanin content to absorb ultraviolet rays from sunlight and protect internal structures from damage; Sweat glands on the body surface are particularly dense so that normal body temperature can be maintained or quickly restored in times of extreme heat; The nose is low and wide, the nostrils are short, the lips are thick, the mouth is large, and the body hair is small, which is convenient for heat dissipation; Curly hair, easy to insulate from heat and sunlight, protect the mind from damage, etc.

Yellow race: Originated in the temperate region of the mid-latitudes, the adaptability of its skin color and body characteristics has the transitional characteristics of the black and white race: **medium color, yellow**, underdeveloped body hair, broad and flat facial bones, cheekbones close to the eyes; The nasal bone is not high or low, the nasal bone is short, the nasal base is high (the lower end of the nose is far from the chin), and the nasal wings are medium wide; The teeth are parabolic and the incisors are spade-shaped, and the teeth are smaller; The eyes are slender, the eye fissure is small, there is an obvious medial canthal fold (also called Mongolian fold, that is, the upper eyelid covers the lower eyelid at the inner corner of the eye), the outer eye fold is developed, the eyeball is dark brown, and some people's eyes are low inside and high on the outside; The hair is black, straight, thick, and the male hair is extremely coarse, round, and hard; The head index (i.e., the width of the skull from left to right is greater than the length of the front and back); The highest proportion of blood type B; humerus (upper arm bone) thick and long; The trunk is thick, and the upper body of the male is inverted triangular; Infant raw milk moss (fetal traces, scientific name Mongolian spot).

Brown species: distributed in the islands of the central and western Pacific Ocean at low latitudes, the ancestors of the native dwellers are more complex, they live in a hot and humid environment for a long time, they are short, yellowish brown and dark brown, black and curly hair, the eyebrow ridge is developed, the head is round, medium narrow, the nose is broad, the tip of the nose is hooked, the mouth is large and the lips are thick, the snout is protruding, and the shoulder blades are narrow. These physical characteristics are adapted to the living environment.

Living in cold areas for a long time, white people have long noses and can warm up; Living in a tropical place for a long time, black people have curly hair and can insulate heat.

Like a white man's hawk nose, a black man's black **. It's all there.

(1) Now all humans are the same species, called Homo sapiens. The reason why people with different physique and appearance are created is because of the different characteristics that have evolved due to long-term adaptation to different natural environments.

For example, Caucasian people have a tall nose bridge because they have evolved traits to adapt to cold climates in order to better moisten and warm the air into their lungs.

On the contrary, black people who have been adapted to hot weather for a long time do not have this need, so the bridge of the nose of black people is not high, but the ultraviolet radiation of black people living is much stronger than that of high latitudes, therefore, black people need more melanin to protect **, which is why black.

There are many more examples, if you are interested, you can turn to my previous answers. In short, all features are the product of gradual evolution (more precisely, evolution) over tens of thousands of years, or even longer.

2) The white Australian people immigrated from Britain in the 19th century, and there were several waves of immigration from Europe in the 20th century, so there are many white people there.

And this short period of one or two hundred years is completely insufficient for a species like humans to evolve into black**.

What's more, there is no power to push those white Australians to evolve black**, because there is now sunscreen, comfortable houses, and developed medicine, so it can be said that the power of natural selection to evolve to black** has been interrupted.

3) The yellow race is not their excess. Each race is independent and is formed by adapting to its own environment.

4) The mainstream African origin theory holds that a part of modern Homo sapiens migrated from East Africa to the Middle East about 60,000 years ago, and later split into two groups, one of which traveled eastward and reached Asia, the Pacific, and the Americas after a long migration;

The other group went north and then westward, reaching Europe.

Of course, there were some who remained in Africa, and then they spread across the continent.

White Australians emigrated from places like the United Kingdom.

Geography has a profound impact on racial identity. This influence is reflected both in physical and cultural characteristics.

In terms of external features:

Ethnic groups who live in high latitudes with severe cold all year round have a whiter complexion due to weak solar radiation all year round; Due to the severe cold, the bridge of the nose is high and narrow, and the body hair is rich; Due to the large proportion of meat and milk in the food, it is tall and large.

Ethnic groups that live in perennially hot low-latitude areas for a long time are darker due to the strong perennial solar radiation; The bridge of the nose is low and flat due to the heat, and there is less body hair; The food ** is very miscellaneous, different places, and the body size is not easy to say.

The middle and low latitudes are just the transition zone, so the racial characteristics also show transitional characteristics.

In terms of cultural characteristics, the geographical environment of a place also has a subtle influence on the cultural psychology of the race. For example:

Ethnic groups who have long lived in plain areas with flat terrain, fertile soil, abundant water sources, and abundant products have traditionally been mainly engaged in planting, self-sufficient, and have a relatively comfortable life, and their civilization has started early, so they will be relatively mild and literate on the whole.

The ethnic groups that have lived in the grassland areas for a long time have been more arrogant and martial because of their frequent migrations and struggles in history, coupled with the tempering of nomadic life.

Ethnic groups who have long lived in areas near the sea and arable land and other areas that are not rich in natural resources will be more active in foreign exchanges, more developed in commerce, and their national cultural characteristics will be free, open and inclusive, because their planting industry is underdeveloped and they cannot be self-sufficient.

Time is limited, only the above points are listed as bricks to attract jade. Knowing how to find out the answer is more important than knowing the answer itself.