Chayote planting conditions, how to control pests and diseases?

1. Chayote's requirements for the growing environment.

1. Soil resources.

Chayote does not have too strict requirements for the soil and is highly adaptable. Of course, the fertility of the soil is directly proportional to the planting effect. Deep, soft, fertile soil maximizes yields.

2. Temperature conditions.

Chayote's habits are mild. Avoid excessive heat and cold. Chayote generally has different temperatures at different stages of growth.

The suitable temperature for seed germination is 18-25, the suitable temperature for seedling development is 20-30, and the suitable temperature for seed melon storage is 6-10. When the temperature is too high (30), its growth is inhibited; If the temperature is too low (5), it will also freeze to death due to overcooling. It can be seen that chayote has very high temperature requirements.

3. Sunshine conditions.

Chayote is a short-day plant. Excessive sunshine will cause flower buds to be undifferentiated, which will affect the seed setting rate. Based on this, chayote is suitable for dense planting.

Second, chayote pest control methods:

1. Strengthen fertilizer and water management, cultivate strong seedlings, and improve disease resistance. Loosen the soil in time, pay attention to the matching of water and fertilizer in each growth period, spray high-tech lipid film, maintain soil moisture and fertilizer efficiency, prevent water loss, and ensure a good environment and conditions for long-term growth of plants.

2. Strengthen the pedicle and fruit to increase the yield. Spraying "Zhuang Gua Diling" before flowering, young fruit stage and fruit expansion stage can thicken the melon stem, strengthen nutrient transportation, coordinate nutrient balance, promote the rapid development of the melon body, and make the melon body beautiful, juicy and delicious.

3. Timely prevention and combination of prevention and treatment. Combined with the production season and weather changes, timely medication, the application of high-tech lipid film, improve work efficiency, prevent the invasion of pests and diseases, and effectively kill pests and diseases.

4. The planting density of chayote must be controlled, and the characteristics of ventilation and lighting must be considered. Maintain good ventilation and set up drainage facilities. Do not allow the humidity in the bergamot fields to be too high, which will lead to the appearance of white powdery walls.

Pay attention to ventilation and heat dissipation during planting. In the rainy season, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of drainage facilities to ensure that there is no water accumulation in the fields and cut off the source of anthrax.

When planting chayote, spray pesticides in the soil of chayote, and then spray pesticides on time according to the growth cycle of chayote, so that pests can be prevented.

When planting chayote, you should choose some soil with good air permeability and water absorption, and after planting, you can lay a layer of plastic film, you can water more, turn the soil regularly, and regularly play some pesticides, which can prevent and control pests and diseases.

Prepare in advance, choose the right varieties for planting, pay attention to the amount of watering, pay attention to the use of chemical fertilizers, weeding on time, and spraying pesticides.

When planting, we must choose the soil is more fertile and broad land, and we must use farmhouse fertilizer when fertilizing, do not use fertilizer bought outside, and often water the plants, but also prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases, if there is a situation of small insects, then we must spray insecticides in time, I think if you can do a good job in these aspects, you will be able to prevent and control pests and diseases.

Pick and choose melons: Before planting chayote, select ripe and fat melon seeds and store them in the sand. Seedling infiltration and planting:

After planting the germinated melon seeds, the seedlings grow out and transplant and plant according to the row spacing of 3x2 meters. Build a scaffolding to attract vines: build a climbing frame when the melon vine grows to 40 cm.

Water and fertilizer management: the root system grows vigorously and develops, cultivates and fertilizes.

1. Select seed melons

Before planting chayote, select ripe and fat, fresh, smooth surface and waxy melon seeds, put them in a semi-shady, ventilated place to dry them slightly, and store the melons in the indoor environment of 5 degrees to bury the sand and preserve, and the top is covered with 15 cm after drying fine sand, and can not be watered during the preservation period.

2. Seedling planting

When chayote is planted, take out the preserved melon seeds, put them in the environment of 20 degrees to promote germination, after germination, the seed melon handle is facing down, the germination point is facing up, and it is planted in the prepared nutrient soil, and the seedlings grow out according to the row spacing of 3x2 meters to dig and plant holes, and the planting density per mu is between 80-120 plants.

3. Set up a frame to lead the vines

When the vine of chayote grows to 40 cm, use a bamboo pole or wooden stick to wrap the rope to build a climbing frame, so that the leaf vine climbs and grows, and the vine grows to a clump shape. Ant talk.

4. Water and fertilizer management

Chayote planting when watering slow seedling water, covering film to play the role of heat preservation and humidification, 30 days without fertilization, waiting for the root growth and development of vigorous development, weeding and fertilization, add enough nutrients to speed up the growth rate of plants, spray 1-2 times of leaf clump core fertilizer during the full fruit period.

When planting chayote, you need to have the small head up and the big head down. At the end of the small head is its bud point, which will first emerge from the ground when it sprouts. In fact, you don't need to pay too much attention when planting, you can put it flat in the soil, in fact, no matter how you place it, its bud points will emerge from the ground, and will not grow downward, and the plants are upward.

Chayote is crisp and delicious, the nutritional value is extremely high, rich in various vitamins, can be used as a vegetable and fruit, you can eat a tree that you can eat for a year, because it is like a folded hands and is named chayote, symbolizing auspiciousness and blessings of Buddhism. Today, I will introduce to you the cultivation technique of chayote.

1. Land preparation:

Before planting, it is inevitable to prepare the land, choose a plot with ventilation and light and deep soil layer, apply sufficient base fertilizer, and turn it deep and level.

2. Seedling

Chayote cultivation must be transplanted seedlings, because the germination rate of melons is only 60 80, in order to preserve the seedlings should not be seeded, but also to urge the sprouts before sowing.

Chayote can only be cultivated annually in temperate areas, and whole melons must be sown and seedlings raised. In the south chayote into the cellar storage, the following year around the Qingming Dynasty natural seedlings, and then choose the seedlings of good melons to sow directly.

In order to cultivate large and strong seedlings and improve the resistance of seedlings in the north, indoor germination should be carried out as soon as possible and in a timely manner. Germination timeIn late January of the following year, the melons were taken out, wrapped in plastic bags one by one, and moved to the greenhouse for germination, at a temperature of 15 20.

The germination temperature should not be too high The temperature is too high and the buds emerge quickly, but the buds are not strong and thin. Appropriately reduce the germination temperature, and the buds are thick and strong. Around half a month, the top of the melon cracks and young roots are born, and the seedlings are raised when the melon sprouts young shoots.

Small quantities are cultivated in large nutrient bags or flower pots in a greenhouse, and large quantities are cultivated in simple protected areas.

3. Transplanting and planting

Grow chayote before or after planting vegetables in early spring in a solar greenhouse. Dig a planting hole in the pit, plant 1 chayote seedling, pour enough planting water, and seal the hole after the water seeps down. 11 15 seedlings are planted in solar greenhouses per acre.

Fourth, water and fertilizer management

Within 1 month after planting, the seedlings should be covered and warmed to promote growth and development. During this period, no top dressing, only a small amount of water; During the period of rapid root development, it is necessary to cultivate more loose soil to promote the development of the root system and lay the foundation for the vigorous growth of plants after autumn. Water frequently during the summer period to keep the soil moist and increase air humidity to make chayote safe to summer; In autumn, the growth of the aboveground part of the plant is significantly accelerated into the vigorous growth period, and it is necessary to fertilize and attack it with fertilizer and water to make the aboveground part of the plant grow and develop rapidly, and there are more side branches, laying a material foundation for more flowering and more fruiting.

5. Harvesting and storage:

Chayote can be eaten after 15 days after flowering and fertilization, and when the temperature is stable through 15, chayote will stop growing, and it will enter the harvest period at this time, and it should be harvested before the first frost. When the temperature drops to about 12, it is resistant to plastic bags, cartons or other containers, and moved into indoor storage and storage. Generally, in the environment below 10, it is advisable not to be damaged by frost, and it can be placed until the "May Day" festival of the next year, and it can be taken at any time.

Chayote originated in Mexico and was introduced to China in the early 19th century, and is the most widely cultivated chayote in southern China. It is very likely that everyone has not seen chayote, but most of them have eaten it, chayote has a very delicate taste, has high nutritional value, and has a very good effect on improving the body's resistance. So what should you pay attention to when growing chayote?

1.Seedling. Chayote has only one seed in each fruit, and the germination rate is not high, because the seed coat is difficult to separate from the fruit, so we need to use multiple seeds to germinate and sow at the same time.

Before sowing, the work of soaking seeds and seedlings should be done, and the seed coat should be slightly cut with a knife, which is conducive to germination. It is applied to the planting hole, covering about 3 cm of soil, burying the melon in the soil about 1 3, and germinating it.

2.Temperature. Chayote is more resistant to high temperatures, the temperature of normal growth and development can not be lower than 20 degrees, the most suitable temperature for chayote growth is about 25 degrees, if the ground temperature is lower than 5 degrees, chayote may not be able to grow and cause death.

However, the temperature should not be too high, beyond the suitable temperature for chayote growth, the growth rate may be significantly slowed down.

Mountain shouting royal 3Soil layer.

Chayote has strict regulations on soil quality, and the most suitable for planting chayote is a neutral sandy soil and clay soil with deep, loose, well-drained, rich organic matter and good permeability. Chayote does not need too much nutrients to grow, in case the leaf stem grows too vigorously and the fruit is less, more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied in the middle and late stages.

4.Sun exposure.

Chayote is a short-day crop that grows gradually in the fall of short-day sunlight after it has a certain amount of nutrients. The average monthly is about 22, and the monthly sunshine time is 170 hours, which is suitable for chayote to bloom and bear fruit. Therefore, in the south, it is suitable for cultivation in the mountains with cool climates.

5.Moisture content. Chayote needs a lot of water to grow, especially in the summer, and if there is not enough water, then its growth and development will also suffer.

Make sure that there is enough humidity in the air and sufficient moisture in the soil layer, if this is not met, the chayote stems may stop growing, the leaves may change color, and if there is not enough moisture at the time of flowering and fruiting, chayote will not grow adequately.