When will the complications of diabetes that you are always worried about occur?

Complications of diabetes include acute complications and chronic complications, and the acute complications are manifested as extreme thirst, polydipsia, polyuria, emaciation and dehydration caused by severe hyperglycemia, which require immediate ** and rescue. Chronic complications of diabetes include macrovascular complications and microvascular complications:1

Diabetic nephropathy, the early symptoms are not obvious, the urine microalbumin and urine creatinine ratio needs to be checked to be clear, and the late stage will appear anemia, fatigue, increased blood pressure, edema, proteinuria and other manifestations; 2.Diabetic retinopathy: decreased vision, blurred vision, severe blindness, often accompanied by cataracts, etc.; 3.

Peripheral neuropathy: sock-like distal limbs, glove-like symmetrical numbness, pinprick pain, burning pain, etc.; 4.**Itching, fungal infections, etc.; 5.

Symptoms of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular large arteriosclerosis: dizziness, chest tightness, palpitations, precordial pain, myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, etc.

About 10 years after the onset of diabetes, 30% to 40% of patients will develop at least one complication. The early and late occurrence of complications is mainly related to congenital genetic factors, lifestyle, weight, blood glucose, blood pressure, blood lipids and other risk factors, and there are great individual differences.

1) Diabetic nephropathy: About 20% and 40% of diabetic patients in China have diabetic nephropathy, which has become the main cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. Risk factors for diabetic nephropathy include age, course of disease, blood pressure, obesity (especially abdominal obesity), blood lipids, uric acid, environmental pollutants, etc.

2) Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most common microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus, and it is also the first irreversible blinding disease in the working-age population. Diabetic retinopathy, especially proliferative retinopathy, is a complication specific to diabetes and is rare compared to other diseases. The main risk factors for diabetic retinopathy include the duration of diabetes, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, and other associated risk factors include diabetes mellitus and pregnancy.

In addition, lack of timely fundus screening, smoking, puberty, and subclinical hypothyroidism are also associated risk factors for diabetic retinopathy and are often overlooked. Whereas, genetics is a non-interventionable risk factor for diabetic retinopathy. Patients with type 2 diabetes are also at high risk of early onset of other eye diseases, such as cataracts, glaucoma, retinal vascular occlusion and ischemic optic neuropathy.

3) Diabetic neuropathy is one of the most common chronic complications of diabetes, and the lesions can involve the central nervous system and peripheral nerves, and the latter is more common. The occurrence of diabetic neuropathy is related to the course of diabetes, blood glucose control and other factors, and patients with a course of more than 10 years are prone to obvious clinical manifestations of neuropathy.