Commentaries on Chunwang, Commentaries on Chunwang and translations

Du fu. Original].

The country is broken by mountains and rivers, and the city is deep in spring.

When I feel the tears, I hate the birds.

The beacon fire lasted for three months, and the family letter was worth 10,000 dollars.

The whitehead scratching is shorter, and the hairpin is overwhelming.

Background] In 755 AD, An Lushan launched a rebellion, and in January of the following year, the capital Chang'an fell. Soon Du Fu heard the news of Su Zong's accession to the throne in Lingwu, and he was eager to serve the country, so he defected to Lingwu alone, but unfortunately was captured by the rebels on the way and sent to Chang'an. Fortunately, he still had a little freedom of movement, so he went out into the street and looked around.

This poem is what he saw, heard and felt in Chang'an. The poem expresses the author's feelings of worrying about the country, the people, the sad time, and homesickness, and is full of patriotic feelings.

Notes] Spring Hope: Looking far away in the spring.

Broken: broken, broken.

Feeling the time: lamenting the current situation, that is, remembering the dilapidated scene of the country.

Beacon fire: refers to the fireworks raised by the ancient frontier when encountering the enemy situation and used to alarm the fireworks. In this case, war.

Value. Scratching: Grasp lightly with your fingers.

Desire: Muddy, simply. Desire, want.

Unwinnable: unbearable, unable.

The country is in tatters, and only the mountains and rivers remain. It's spring again in Chang'an City, but after the burning and looting of the rebels, it has long been desolate, and deep and dense grass and trees grow everywhere. Although the spring flowers are in full bloom, it is not pleasant to see it, but to make ** tears, and I feel that the flowers seem to be crying; Although there are spring birds and chirping everywhere, my heart is sad because I am parting with my family, and listening to the birdsong is not only unhappy, but also frightening.

The war has lasted for a long time, and there has been no news from the family for a long time, and a letter from home can be worth 10,000 taels**. Due to sadness and trouble, the gray hair on his head became thinner and thinner, and he couldn't even stop the hairpin.

Note: Country: The national capital, referring to Chang'an (now Xi'an, Shaanxi).

Broken: Falling. Mountains and rivers are in: the mountains and rivers of the old days still exist.

City: Chang'an City.

Deep vegetation: refers to sparsely populated.

Sentimental: Sentimental for the current situation of the country.

Tear splashing: Tears.

Hate parting: Hate parting.

Beacon fire: the fireworks of the border guard alarm in ancient times, here refers to the war of the Anshi Rebellion.

March: New Year, February, March.

Arrival: Value, quite.

Whitehead: This refers to white hair.

Scratching: Gently grasp with your fingers.

Hun: Simply. Desire: Want, want, want.

Victory: to endure, to endure.

Hairpin: A type of jewelry that binds hair. Ancient men grew long hair, tied it on the top of their heads when they were adults, and tied it horizontally with a hairpin to prevent it from falling apart.

Translation: The capital of the country has been invaded, but the mountains and rivers are still there, and the weeds and trees in Chang'an City are growing wildly.

Feeling the situation of the defeat of Sakura, I burst into tears when I saw the flowers blooming, I felt melancholy and resentment in my heart, and I was terrified when I heard the birdsong.

The continuous war has lasted for a spring, and family letters are rare, and one letter is worth 10,000 taels**.

Worried, scratching his head and thinking, the gray hair is getting shorter and shorter, and he can't even insert a hairpin.

Appreciation: 1. "Broken" depicts the scene of the capital of the country occupied, the city in ruins, and the broken walls; "Deep" depicts the scene of dense and barren vegetation, and the people are scattered and uncultivated, and portrays the poet's pain'Mood.

2. "Splash" and "surprise" are the use of action, which means that flowers make my tears splash, and birds make my heart palpitate. The jaw couplet empathizes with flowers and birds, and sends infinite sadness in the scene.

3. The neck coupling truly expresses the empty feelings of people in the war who miss their separated relatives and hope to get the news of their relatives. It can resonate with people and become a famous sentence through the ages. "Even March" writes about the disaster of war; "Worth 10,000 gold" is difficult to write to the family.

4. "Scratching" writes through the details that the poet can't resolve the feelings of worrying about the country and homesickness.

"Spring Hope".

The country is broken by mountains and rivers, and the city is deep in spring. When I feel the tears, I hate the birds.

The beacon fire lasted for three months, and the family letter was worth 10,000 dollars. The white-headed head is shorter, and the desire is overwhelming. [1-4]

Comment

Spring Hope: The wish of spring.

Country: The national capital, referring to Chang'an (now Xi'an, Shaanxi).

Broken: broken. City: Chang'an City.

Deep: lush; Dense.

Feeling the time: feeling the change of time sequence or the change of the current situation.

Hate goodbye: Hate other scenes.

Tears are splashed when I feel it, and I hate to say goodbye to the birds: two sentences of intertextuality. Here through the flowers splashed tears, the bird frightened to come to an artistic exaggeration, understandable.

Beacon Fire: In ancient times, the frontier lit a fire on a high platform for alarm. This refers to the scenes of burning and looting in the surrounding cities and villages.

March: Consecutive months.

Letter from home: Peace Letter. (At that time, Du Fu's family lived in Qiang Village, outside the city of 鄜 (fū)Prefecture).

Worth 10,000 dollars: Family letters can be worth tens of thousands of taels**, and it is extremely rare to say that family letters are rare. Value.

Whitehead: White-haired, old-fashioned.

Scratching: scratching, scratching.

Hun: Simply. Desire: Want, want, want.

Hairpin: A type of jewelry that binds hair.

Translations

Chang'an fell, the country was dilapidated, only the mountains and rivers remained, the spring state came, the city was sparsely populated, and the vegetation was dense and deep.

Sentimental national affairs in the face of flowers, it is difficult to help but tear tears, relatives are separated, birds are singing, and the hatred increases.

Since the beginning of spring, the war has been frequent, and it has spread for many months, and the news of the family in Yanzhou is rare, and a letter is worth ten thousand gold.

Worriedly scratching his head and thinking, the gray hair is getting shorter and shorter, and the hair loss is short and rare, and it is impossible to insert a hairpin.