What are the types of poetic battles, and what are the classifications of classical poetic battles?

Flowing water is a type of antiphon, which exists in both couplets and rhymes that call for battle.

This kind of battle classification method is divided into "side by side" and "flowing water pair" from the grammatical way.

To put it simply, the sentences and couplets are either written in scenes, lyrical, or narrative, and then they are still fighting in the format, and the importance of the upper and lower sentences is the same, and there is no distinction between importance and importance. Such as:

Quatrain: Du Fu.

Two yellow orioles are singing green willows, and a line of egrets is in the sky.

The window contains a thousand autumn snow in Xiling, and the door is berthed in the Dongwu Wanli ship.

This "quatrain" is a beautiful four-sentence writing scene "side by side", but more than two sentences side by side is a bit blunt, and it is not a good way to write poetry.

In fact, there is a saying in the poem about the writing of this "quatrain", called "four screens", these four lines of poetry are like four screens, one sentence in the sky and one sentence in the ground, which is not very related, if today's poets write scenes like this, it is a very bad thing. But why is this poem so popular?

First, although these four sentences are not related to each other, they are all very beautiful sentences when taken out alone. Second, this is the work of the poet Du Fu. Third, this is the favorite poem of the Qianlong Emperor who produced 39,340 poems, and reigned for 60 years.

This third point is an important reason why this poem has been widely circulated. Chinese literati officialdom has always been like this.

For the "relative" side by side", the flow of water focuses on the logical relationship between the upper and lower sentences in the couplet. It is no longer a battle of scenes, narratives, and lyricism, but a battle from the previous sentence and the continuation of the next sentence, and the whole syntactic relationship pours down like flowing water, but it has to fight again in words.

The position of the flowing water pair in the poem is not certain, and it can be arranged according to the poetic meaning. Here are a few examples:

Climb the stork tower of the king.

At the end of the day, the Yellow River flows into the sea.

If you want to be poor, go to the next level.

The first two sentences are side by side, and the last two sentences "want to be poor for thousands of miles, go to the next level" are flowing water pairs. To see farther, you have to climb higher. The two sentences are not parallel, but sequential. Another example:

Qingming Day Banquet Mei Taoist Room Banquet Mei Taoist Mountain House.

Meng Haoran. Lin Wo is sad about the end of spring, and he opens his eyes to see the flowers.

Suddenly, the blue bird envoy invited him to Chisong's house.

At the beginning of the Danzao**, the peach is falling.

If the child's face can be stationed, why not be drunk.

Suddenly, the blue bird envoy invited him to Chisong's house. This is obvious, when he meets the Blue Bird Envoy, he can be invited to the Chimatsu family. This is the flowing water pair, and the "Danzao Chu**, Xiantao is falling flowers" in the back is an ordinary battle.

Another example is "that is, from Ba Gorge through Wu Gorge, then go down to Xiangyang to Luoyang." This is a simple order of place names, although the words are opposed, but the meaning does come up and downstream.

When the battle in Tang poems is a pair of flowing water, it is like a living spring in the towering mountains, adding to the smart temperament of the whole poem, like flowing clouds and flowing water, fresh and vivid.

When we appreciate and create rhythmic poems, we should pay attention to the flexible use of battles, so that we can better understand the poetry of the ancients and express our own poetry, and give full play to the situation that rhythmic poems require jaw couplings and neck couplets to fight, so that our poems can also be lived.

It is roughly divided into two categories, the work pair and the flow pair, the work pair, as the name suggests, is to be neat, and the words and words of the two sentences include parts of speech, such as.

Two yellow orioles are singing green willows, and a line of egrets is in the sky.

The window contains a thousand autumn snow in Xiling, and the door is berthed in the Dongwu Wanli ship.

The first two lines of this poem are very neat.

It's the same with three or four sentences.

Flowing water pairs are generally causal relationships, or relationships that connect the previous and the next.

Like what. Once the sea was difficult to water, except for Wushan, it is not a cloud.

Or. The face of the person does not know where to go, and the peach blossoms are still smiling in the spring breeze.

All of these belong to the running water pair.

(1) Work pairs.

Where the words of the same kind are opposite, they are called work pairs. Opposite to the noun of the subclass, it is a work pair. Such as Du Fu's "Spring Memories of Li Bai".

Three and four sentences (jaw couplet): Fresh Yu Kaifu, Junyi Bao joined the army.

Although it is not a small category, it is often juxtaposed in language, such as "heaven and earth", "poetry and wine", "flowers and birds", etc. Antonyms are also considered to be right, such as Li Bai's "Stopper Song": Xiao Zhan follows the golden drum, sleeps and hugs the jade saddle.

2) Neighbor pairs.

Neighbor pairs are neighboring things, such as astronomy versus seasons, geography versus palaces, colors versus associates, synonyms versus continuous words, etc. For example, Wang Wei's "Make it to the Stopper": Conquer Peng out of Hanse, and return to Hutian. Chen Ziang's "Farewell to Friends on a Spring Night": Leaving the hall and thinking about the Qinse, don't go around the mountains and rivers.

3) Wide pairs.

A wide pair is a noun to a noun, a verb to a verb, and an adjective to an adjective. A little wider is half to half. For example, Chen Ziang's "Sending Wei to the Army": The Huns are still not destroyed, and Wei Jiang is recovering from Rong. This duality is mostly used in the first couplet of the lyric poem.

4) Borrow the pair.

The same word has two meanings, and the poet uses one of the meanings in the poem, but at the same time borrows its other meaning to oppose the other. For example, Li Shangyin's "Linghu Eight Picks Up the Missing Moves": The wind and smoke of the Han Garden blow the dream of the guest, and the Yuntai Cave connects the suburbs.

Han Yuan"of"Han"It is the meaning of the Han Dynasty, borrowed"Xinghan"meaning to come with"Cloud"Words are relative. Du Fu's "Qujiang": Wine debts are commonplace, and life is rare for seventy years.

"Ordinary" can also be an ancient unit of length. Eight feet is the search, and two searches are the norm. So "ordinary" is "eight" and "sixteen" versus "seven" and "ten".

Sometimes borrowed its sound, in contrast to another word, commonly found in color pairs, such as borrowing "basket" for "blue", borrowing "emperor" for "yellow", borrowing "bead" for "zhu", borrowing "qing" for "green". Such as: Du Fu's "Qinzhou Miscellaneous Poems III":

Ma Jiaozhu sweated. Hu Wubai's inscription is oblique. (Borrow.)"beads"for"Zhu"Liu Changqing's "Xin'an Sends Mu Yude":

The emperor is in the sky, and he is born with white temples. (Borrow.)"Emperor"for"Yellow")

5) Running water pairs.

In ordinary battles, sentences and couplets can be interchanged, and the meaning has not changed, but there is a kind of battle that is inherited and cannot be reversed, which is called a flowing pair. For example, Du Xunhe's "Spring Palace Resentment": Cheng'en is not good-looking, if the concubine is tolerant?

Du Fu's "Wen Guanjun Collects Henan and Hebei": That is, from Baxia through Wuxia, then go down to Xiangyang to Luoyang.

The verses of the battle technique are:1. At the end of the day, the Yellow River flows into the sea. ——Wang Zhilian, "Climbing the Stork's Tower".

2. The wild sky is low and the trees are low, and Jiang Qingyue is close to people. - Meng Haoran, "Sujian Dejiang".

3, the white hair is sad and the flowers are falling, and the green clouds are envious of the birds. ——Cen Shen "Du Shi Zhi of the Provincial Department of Sending Offices".

4. Thousands of mountains and birds fly away, and thousands of people disappear. - Liu Zongyuan, "Jiang Xue".

5. The snow returns to the green mound in three springs, and the Yellow River surrounds the Black Mountain. - Liu Zhongyong's "Recruiting People's Grievances".

6. It rains overnight in the mountains, and the trees are full of springs. ——Wang Wei, "Sending Zizhou Liu Envoy Jun".

7. Go to the poor place of water and sit and watch the clouds rise. ——Wang Wei, "Farewell to the South".

8. The bright moon shines among the pines, and the clear spring stone is upstream. ——Wang Wei, "Autumn Evening in the Mountain House".

9, the sea is born and the night is gone, and the river spring is in the old year. ——Wang Wan, "Under the Solid Mountain in the Second Bei".

10. The lonely lamp is cold and rainy, and the deep bamboo is dark and smoky. - Sikong Shu, "Yunyang Pavilion and Han Shen's Farewell".

1.The usual battles.

It means that between the upper and lower sentences of a couplet, in the same position, it is necessary to maintain the battle of words. The battle of this word includes the number of words and the part of speech. For example, "two orioles singing green willows, a line of egrets on the blue sky", the first word of each sentence is two words, the first word is a number, and the second word is a measure word; The second word, the first word is the color, the second word is the name of the bird; The third word is a single word, and the parts of speech are all verbs; The fourth word is two words, the first word is color, and the second word is noun.

This kind of confrontation in Tang poems is very strict, and it really needs to be studied in detail, and it is rarely done.

2.There are few small battles in Tang poems or small battles in internal battles, and they are often hidden between sentences, making the poetry richer, such as splitting and erecting Xu Hun .

The famous "Xianyang City East Building".

Famous sentences: The clouds are rising and the sun is sinking, and the mountain rain is about to come and the wind is full of buildings. In an ordinary battle, the previous sentence and the next sentence are extremely neat.

From the noun point of view, "Xiyun" to "mountain rain", "day" to "wind", "pavilion" to "building", very neat; From the verb point of view, "beginning" vs. "desire", "sinking" vs. "full", which is also very neat. This coupling is simply a model of confrontation.

Words of battle: heaven vs. earth, rain vs. wind, continent vs. sky, mountain flowers vs. sea trees, red sun vs. sky.

Confrontation is one of the manifestations of medieval poetic rhythm. The strict duality in poetry is called a duel. The battle mainly includes two aspects: the mutual confrontation of words and the mutual confrontation of sentence structure. Battles are mostly used in pun.

Confrontation is to put words of the same kind or opposing concepts in the corresponding position so that they appear to reflect each other, so that the sentence is more charming, and the expressiveness of the words is increased. The battle is like a guard of honor in the government, and the two face each other. The battle is closely related to the puppet sentences of the Han and Wei dynasties, and it can be said that it was developed from the puppet, and the battle itself should also be a puppet.